Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) with the method of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind. Methods: Two hundred and thirty one cas...Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) with the method of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind. Methods: Two hundred and thirty one cases of PSD were randomly divided into two groups, acupuncture and control groups. In acupuncture group, Baihui (百会 GV 20), Dazhui (大椎 GV 14), Neiguan (内关 PC 6), Taichong (太冲 LR 3) and Shenmen (神门 HT 7) were selected as the main points to invigorate flow of qi in the Du Meridian and clear the mind. Patients in the control group received Fluoxetine orally, 20 mg once per-day. In addition, the same routine treatments were given to both groups, strengthened with rehabilitation exercises as early as possible; 8 weeks constituted one therapeutic course. HAMD and severity of neuro-functional defect of each case were evaluated before and 8-week after the treatment. Results: The total effective rate of acupuncture group was 92.37%, the control group, 72.88%. According to χ2 test, the difference between the two groups was remarkably significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind in the treatment of PSD was safe and effective.展开更多
The paper isto introduce the effectivenessof the vocabulary acquisition strategy——"Reading +word-focused activities"through a review of some foreign experimental and quasi-experimental researches concernin...The paper isto introduce the effectivenessof the vocabulary acquisition strategy——"Reading +word-focused activities"through a review of some foreign experimental and quasi-experimental researches concerning this strategy. Meanwhile English major teachers are given some hints through this strategy to instruct their students in vocabulary learning.展开更多
Rather than only learning English grammar and some other language knowledge about English,learning English litera ture is another effective way for students to learn English since they can not only learn the native En...Rather than only learning English grammar and some other language knowledge about English,learning English litera ture is another effective way for students to learn English since they can not only learn the native English by reading some English literature but also get familiar with different cultures and background knowledge of English countries.As an English teacher,the main job in the literature class is to design effective activities for students in order to let them comprehend texts that they read and improve their critical thinking.This paper is tend to discuss some activities,including pre-reading,reading and post-reading ac tivities,which was used in my literature class and how they help the students learn English and improve their critical thinking.展开更多
Objectives: Worldwide the use of uterotonic drugs has significantly reduced maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage. The objective is to audit the use of uterotonics in the active management of the third and fou...Objectives: Worldwide the use of uterotonic drugs has significantly reduced maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage. The objective is to audit the use of uterotonics in the active management of the third and fourth stages of labor. Methods: Personal data, diagnostic clinical information, blood loss and uterotonics administered were extracted from a cohort of 634 consecutive parturient. Trend in Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) and 48 hours hematocrit changes were computed and analyzed. Results: There were 422 vagina deliveries and 212 caesarean sections. Primiparous mothers were 141 (34.2%), while grand multiparous mothers were 14 (3.4%). The mean visually estimated postpartum blood loss 165.9 ± 80 ml. There was no significant difference in the mean blood loss between the three parity groups of parturient [P = 0.09]. Fourteen parturient (3.44%) had blood loss ≥500 ml. The value of Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) in the study ranged between 0.43 and 1.38. Logistic regression analysis of the variables associated with the switch between the three regimens of uterotonic drugs, showed a significant positive correlation between VEBL and uterotonic drugs administered [Pearson correlation = 0.130, P-value = 0.008]. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between uterotonic drugs administered and Shock Index at 30 minutes and 2 hours postpartum. The correlation coefficient between VEBL and regimens of uterotonic drugs used was positive and significant (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Visually estimated blood loss, with shock are the main Triggers involved in switching between uterotonic drugs regimens used in active management of PPH. Shock index calculation is vital in management decision. We advocate training of all birth attendants on VEBL.展开更多
Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in active management of third stage of labour in reducing risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This study was carried out by randomly assignin...Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in active management of third stage of labour in reducing risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This study was carried out by randomly assigning into two groups with 150 women in each group.?Group 1 included patients who received injection Oxytocin 10 IU intramuscular within one minute of the birth of the baby. Injection?Methylergometrine?(0.2 mg) was given intravenously at the delivery of anterior shoulder of the baby to women in Group 2. Outcome measures were the duration of third stage, blood loss, pre and post-delivery hematocrit, side effects and incidence of PPH. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, Fischers test, Mann Whitney test, and t test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean duration of third stage of labour, mean blood loss, post-delivery fall in hematocrit and need for additional uterotonics were significantly less in the Group 2. However side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure were significantly higher in women in Group 2 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Methylergometrine is more effective than Oxytocin in reducing the duration of third stage of labour and blood loss but has significant side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure.展开更多
Membrane depolarization induces the release of the serine proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator（t PA） from the presynaptic terminal of cerebral cortical neurons.Once in the synaptic cleft this t PA promotes t...Membrane depolarization induces the release of the serine proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator（t PA） from the presynaptic terminal of cerebral cortical neurons.Once in the synaptic cleft this t PA promotes the exocytosis and subsequent endocytic retrieval of glutamate-containing synaptic vesicles,and regulates the postsynaptic response to the presynaptic release of glutamate.Indeed,t PA has a bidirectional effect on the composition of the postsynaptic density（PSD） that does not require plasmin generation or the presynaptic release of glutamate,but varies according to the baseline level of neuronal activity.Hence,in inactive neurons t PA induces phosphorylation and accumulation in the PSD of the Ca^（2＋）/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα（pCa MKIIα）,followed by pCa MKIIα-induced phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of Glu R1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid（AMPA） receptors.In contrast,in active neurons with increased levels of pCa MKIIα in the PSD t PA induces pCa MKIIα and p Glu R1 dephosphorylation and their subsequent removal from the PSD.These effects require active synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate（NMDA） receptors and cyclin-dependent kinase 5（Cdk5）-induced phosphorylation of the protein phosphatase 1（PP1） at T320.These data indicate that t PA is a homeostatic regulator of the postsynaptic response of cerebral cortical neurons to the presynaptic release of glutamate via bidirectional regulation of the pCa MKIIα/PP1 switch in the PSD.展开更多
On the slices of sensorimotor and frontal cortex in layer V of guinea pigs the diversity of neuronal spontaneous activity, the mechanism of its origin and functional specificity were studied. In both regions, neurons ...On the slices of sensorimotor and frontal cortex in layer V of guinea pigs the diversity of neuronal spontaneous activity, the mechanism of its origin and functional specificity were studied. In both regions, neurons that did not have spontaneous activity predominated (39% in the sensorimotor cortex and 32% in the frontal cortex) over neurons with any other firing levels. The iontophoretic application of the excitatory transmitter, glutamate, caused activation spike reactions in all registered neurons;moreover, short-term activation reactions to glutamate had a significantly longer after-discharge in neurons of the frontal cortex (up to 2500 ms and more) compared to reactions of neurons of the sensorimotor region. This means that postexcitatory hyperpolarization in nerve cells of the frontal cortex is less expressed and, therefore, they have a lower density of K+ channels on their membranes. With an increase in the level of spontaneous activity, K+ membrane permeability decreases, which is confirmed by the appearance of a long activation reaction to acetylcholine (which blocks K+ channels), exactly when spontaneous firing appears in “silent” neurons. Despite the fact that spontaneous activity is formed by glutamatergic excitation, its considerable diversity is associated with the structural and membrane characteristics of neurons, which determine the different degrees of EPSPs attenuation on the way of moving along dendrites. Acetylcholine regulates this process in different ways, in accordance with different states of K+ membrane permeability. Therefore, the lower content of K+ channels on the membranes of neurons of the frontal cortex does not allow regulating spontaneous activity in the same range as occurs in neurons of the sensorimotor region. The presence of a high proportion of spontaneously inactive neurons in the cortex (higher in the sensorimotor cortex) suggests that cortical neurons are generally characterized by a high density of K+ channels and a significant increase in firing response to acetylcholine, while spontaneously active neurons cannot control the spontaneous activity in a wide range.展开更多
This paper presents the results of the effects of Melitor (25 mg during two months) on the psychic-emotional state, cerebral hemodynamic and bioelectrical activity of the brain in 30 patients (average age 66.2 ± ...This paper presents the results of the effects of Melitor (25 mg during two months) on the psychic-emotional state, cerebral hemodynamic and bioelectrical activity of the brain in 30 patients (average age 66.2 ± 3.2 years) with ischemic post-stroke depression. It has been found that this drug possesses a multimodal action which is characterized by the decrease of the level of depression, widening of the range of social-environmental activity, improvement of the cerebral blood circulation and harmonization of the brain electrogenesis. In the patients with right versus left hemisphere stroke, the effect of Melitor on the functional state of the brain was more pronounced. Based on the results obtained in our study, we can recommend Melitor to use it in complex scheme of rehabilitation care of patients of the given nosological category.展开更多
Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late He...Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late Hercynian-Indosinian movements to block-faulting type mountain- and basin-making during the Yanshanian-Himalayan movements. It has been shown through researches of igneous rocks that a post-platform orogenic belt being of a greatly thickened continental crust was once formed in the Hainan area during the late Hercynian-lndosinian cyc1e. The taphrogeny starting in the late Yanshanian episode was a product at the stage of late orogenic extension under conditions of the mountain root with a thickness of about 60 km retained. At 1ast, the lower lithospheric delamination and the crustal de-rooting of the orogen caused Hainan and its neighboring areas to transform from the continenta1 type crustobody to the continental-margin-spreading type crustobody.展开更多
文摘Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) with the method of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind. Methods: Two hundred and thirty one cases of PSD were randomly divided into two groups, acupuncture and control groups. In acupuncture group, Baihui (百会 GV 20), Dazhui (大椎 GV 14), Neiguan (内关 PC 6), Taichong (太冲 LR 3) and Shenmen (神门 HT 7) were selected as the main points to invigorate flow of qi in the Du Meridian and clear the mind. Patients in the control group received Fluoxetine orally, 20 mg once per-day. In addition, the same routine treatments were given to both groups, strengthened with rehabilitation exercises as early as possible; 8 weeks constituted one therapeutic course. HAMD and severity of neuro-functional defect of each case were evaluated before and 8-week after the treatment. Results: The total effective rate of acupuncture group was 92.37%, the control group, 72.88%. According to χ2 test, the difference between the two groups was remarkably significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind in the treatment of PSD was safe and effective.
文摘The paper isto introduce the effectivenessof the vocabulary acquisition strategy——"Reading +word-focused activities"through a review of some foreign experimental and quasi-experimental researches concerning this strategy. Meanwhile English major teachers are given some hints through this strategy to instruct their students in vocabulary learning.
文摘Rather than only learning English grammar and some other language knowledge about English,learning English litera ture is another effective way for students to learn English since they can not only learn the native English by reading some English literature but also get familiar with different cultures and background knowledge of English countries.As an English teacher,the main job in the literature class is to design effective activities for students in order to let them comprehend texts that they read and improve their critical thinking.This paper is tend to discuss some activities,including pre-reading,reading and post-reading ac tivities,which was used in my literature class and how they help the students learn English and improve their critical thinking.
文摘Objectives: Worldwide the use of uterotonic drugs has significantly reduced maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage. The objective is to audit the use of uterotonics in the active management of the third and fourth stages of labor. Methods: Personal data, diagnostic clinical information, blood loss and uterotonics administered were extracted from a cohort of 634 consecutive parturient. Trend in Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) and 48 hours hematocrit changes were computed and analyzed. Results: There were 422 vagina deliveries and 212 caesarean sections. Primiparous mothers were 141 (34.2%), while grand multiparous mothers were 14 (3.4%). The mean visually estimated postpartum blood loss 165.9 ± 80 ml. There was no significant difference in the mean blood loss between the three parity groups of parturient [P = 0.09]. Fourteen parturient (3.44%) had blood loss ≥500 ml. The value of Shock Index (Pulse Rate/Systolic Blood Pressure) in the study ranged between 0.43 and 1.38. Logistic regression analysis of the variables associated with the switch between the three regimens of uterotonic drugs, showed a significant positive correlation between VEBL and uterotonic drugs administered [Pearson correlation = 0.130, P-value = 0.008]. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between uterotonic drugs administered and Shock Index at 30 minutes and 2 hours postpartum. The correlation coefficient between VEBL and regimens of uterotonic drugs used was positive and significant (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Visually estimated blood loss, with shock are the main Triggers involved in switching between uterotonic drugs regimens used in active management of PPH. Shock index calculation is vital in management decision. We advocate training of all birth attendants on VEBL.
文摘Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in active management of third stage of labour in reducing risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This study was carried out by randomly assigning into two groups with 150 women in each group.?Group 1 included patients who received injection Oxytocin 10 IU intramuscular within one minute of the birth of the baby. Injection?Methylergometrine?(0.2 mg) was given intravenously at the delivery of anterior shoulder of the baby to women in Group 2. Outcome measures were the duration of third stage, blood loss, pre and post-delivery hematocrit, side effects and incidence of PPH. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, Fischers test, Mann Whitney test, and t test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean duration of third stage of labour, mean blood loss, post-delivery fall in hematocrit and need for additional uterotonics were significantly less in the Group 2. However side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure were significantly higher in women in Group 2 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Methylergometrine is more effective than Oxytocin in reducing the duration of third stage of labour and blood loss but has significant side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure.
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants NS-079331(to MY)and NS-091201(to MY)
文摘Membrane depolarization induces the release of the serine proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator（t PA） from the presynaptic terminal of cerebral cortical neurons.Once in the synaptic cleft this t PA promotes the exocytosis and subsequent endocytic retrieval of glutamate-containing synaptic vesicles,and regulates the postsynaptic response to the presynaptic release of glutamate.Indeed,t PA has a bidirectional effect on the composition of the postsynaptic density（PSD） that does not require plasmin generation or the presynaptic release of glutamate,but varies according to the baseline level of neuronal activity.Hence,in inactive neurons t PA induces phosphorylation and accumulation in the PSD of the Ca^（2＋）/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα（pCa MKIIα）,followed by pCa MKIIα-induced phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of Glu R1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid（AMPA） receptors.In contrast,in active neurons with increased levels of pCa MKIIα in the PSD t PA induces pCa MKIIα and p Glu R1 dephosphorylation and their subsequent removal from the PSD.These effects require active synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate（NMDA） receptors and cyclin-dependent kinase 5（Cdk5）-induced phosphorylation of the protein phosphatase 1（PP1） at T320.These data indicate that t PA is a homeostatic regulator of the postsynaptic response of cerebral cortical neurons to the presynaptic release of glutamate via bidirectional regulation of the pCa MKIIα/PP1 switch in the PSD.
文摘On the slices of sensorimotor and frontal cortex in layer V of guinea pigs the diversity of neuronal spontaneous activity, the mechanism of its origin and functional specificity were studied. In both regions, neurons that did not have spontaneous activity predominated (39% in the sensorimotor cortex and 32% in the frontal cortex) over neurons with any other firing levels. The iontophoretic application of the excitatory transmitter, glutamate, caused activation spike reactions in all registered neurons;moreover, short-term activation reactions to glutamate had a significantly longer after-discharge in neurons of the frontal cortex (up to 2500 ms and more) compared to reactions of neurons of the sensorimotor region. This means that postexcitatory hyperpolarization in nerve cells of the frontal cortex is less expressed and, therefore, they have a lower density of K+ channels on their membranes. With an increase in the level of spontaneous activity, K+ membrane permeability decreases, which is confirmed by the appearance of a long activation reaction to acetylcholine (which blocks K+ channels), exactly when spontaneous firing appears in “silent” neurons. Despite the fact that spontaneous activity is formed by glutamatergic excitation, its considerable diversity is associated with the structural and membrane characteristics of neurons, which determine the different degrees of EPSPs attenuation on the way of moving along dendrites. Acetylcholine regulates this process in different ways, in accordance with different states of K+ membrane permeability. Therefore, the lower content of K+ channels on the membranes of neurons of the frontal cortex does not allow regulating spontaneous activity in the same range as occurs in neurons of the sensorimotor region. The presence of a high proportion of spontaneously inactive neurons in the cortex (higher in the sensorimotor cortex) suggests that cortical neurons are generally characterized by a high density of K+ channels and a significant increase in firing response to acetylcholine, while spontaneously active neurons cannot control the spontaneous activity in a wide range.
文摘This paper presents the results of the effects of Melitor (25 mg during two months) on the psychic-emotional state, cerebral hemodynamic and bioelectrical activity of the brain in 30 patients (average age 66.2 ± 3.2 years) with ischemic post-stroke depression. It has been found that this drug possesses a multimodal action which is characterized by the decrease of the level of depression, widening of the range of social-environmental activity, improvement of the cerebral blood circulation and harmonization of the brain electrogenesis. In the patients with right versus left hemisphere stroke, the effect of Melitor on the functional state of the brain was more pronounced. Based on the results obtained in our study, we can recommend Melitor to use it in complex scheme of rehabilitation care of patients of the given nosological category.
文摘Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late Hercynian-Indosinian movements to block-faulting type mountain- and basin-making during the Yanshanian-Himalayan movements. It has been shown through researches of igneous rocks that a post-platform orogenic belt being of a greatly thickened continental crust was once formed in the Hainan area during the late Hercynian-lndosinian cyc1e. The taphrogeny starting in the late Yanshanian episode was a product at the stage of late orogenic extension under conditions of the mountain root with a thickness of about 60 km retained. At 1ast, the lower lithospheric delamination and the crustal de-rooting of the orogen caused Hainan and its neighboring areas to transform from the continenta1 type crustobody to the continental-margin-spreading type crustobody.
