Validity and Reproducibility of the Garmin Vector Power Meter When Compared to the SRM Device

Mobile power meters allow for cyclists to monitor power output （PO） during training and competition. The Garrnin Vector power meter （VPM） measures PO at the pedal compared to the crank and has been tested in only a few limited studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reproducibility of the VPM by comparing it to the SRM. The VPM validity was tested by （1） a submaximal incremental test, （2） submaximal constant power test, （3） sprint test, and （4） a field test. The reliability of the VPM was tested by repeating the laboratory tests 10 times over a 6 week span. Significant differences （P = 0.046） were found between the mean POSRM （178 ± 1.8 W） and POVPM （163.5 ± 14.7 W） for the submaximal constant-power test. No significant differences were found between the POMAX SRM and the POMAx VPM. The reproducibility of the VPM was lower than the SRM （CV = 8.52 ±4.0 vs 3.48 ± 1.9, 10.66% vs 5.50%, and 67.7% vs 55.3% for the submaximal incremental test, submaximal constant-power test, and field test respectively）. The POVPM appears to underestimate the POSRM and is less valid and reliable across various cycling efforts.

Analysis and Research on Low-Cost and Non-Intrusive Power Metering Chip

Metering technology is one of the core technologies of the smart power grid. The overall metering solution and related products have a wide market space in the whole process of power production, which bring new opportunities for power distribution development from automation to intelligentialize, and provide technical supports for the power metering system platform. Because of the importance of metering products and their market demand, this paper focuses on the design of a simple power metering chip with low-cost, low-precision and non-invasive, so as to lay the foundation for the development and practical technology accumulation of power metering products. The design achieves low cost by reducing the acquisition accuracy, simplifying the collection and sampling methods. This paper studies the chip accuracy, sampling methods, collection methods, and the inference of the chip characteristics requirements.

A Home Appliance Recognition System Using the Approach of Measuring Power Consumption and Power Factor on the Electrical Panel, Based on Energy Meter ICs

Currently a large effort is being done with the intention to educate people about how much energy each electrical appliance uses in their houses, since this knowledge is the fundamental basis of energy efficiency programs that can be managed by the household owners. This paper presents a simple yet functional non-intrusive method for electric power measurement that can be applied in energy efficiency programs, in order to provide a better knowledge of the energy consumption of the appliances in a home.

在Power builder环境下实现选矿厂微机核子秤系统的设计开发

介绍了核子秤的基本工作原理和微机核子秤的硬件组成,介绍了在Windows2000操作系统下,用Power Builder实现系统的原理,提出了一种用微机核子秤计量选矿厂动态固体物料的方法,标定结果表明.微机核子秤的计量误差≤1％,并且用户可以方便的进行历史记录的联网查询打印,为选矿企业的办公自动化提供基础数据。

Temperature measurement based on radialization power for micro-hotplate

A novel method to measure the temperature on the surface of micro-hotplate was presented. The tiny fiber probe and the optical power meter were employed to measure the sample radialization power. By means of comparing the relationship between the radialization power and the temperature, sample surface temperature can be discerned accurately. Such an approach has provided more accuracy than traditional temperature measurements. The experimental result based on this method is quite similar to that of simulation by the finite element analysis (FEA) software of Ansys in theory. This measurement is very useful for measuring temperature for these micro samples prone to be untouchable.

Transmission and Consumption of Air Power in Pneumatic System

In recent 20 years, energy saving has been done in many projects. However, in pneumatic system, it is not easy to determine or measure the air power flow because of the compressibility of pneumatic system. In this paper, we used air power meter (APM) to measure the energy consumption of flow in pneumatic cylinder actuator system. Meter-in circuit and meter-out circuit of speed control system are used in this research. The model of cylinder system is based on four equations: state equation of air, energy equation, motion equation and flow equation. The model estimates the pressure change in charge and discharge side of cylinder, and also the displacement and velocity of the piston. Furthermore, energy consumption could theoretically be calculated when the change of air state is regarded as isothermal change. Lastly, some data of these two circuits are shown, and the consumption of energy is discussed.

Design of transit-time difference ultrasonic heat meter based on TDC-GP21

According to the transit-time difference measurement method,we proposed a design scheme of ultrasonic heat meter based on TDC-GP21.The measurement unit TDC-GP21 mainly completes transit-time measurement and inlet,outlet temperature measurement functions.Control unit and data processing unit based on MSP430F4152 of TI corporation complete functions including peripherals control,data analysis,temperature compensation algorithm,flow pattern compensation algorithm and low power consumption control.The design meets the Town Construction Professional Standard CJ 128-2007,and furthermore,some performances can be improved.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure for Electric Vehicle Charging

The widely adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) has been identified as a major challenge for future development of smart grids. The ever increasing electric vehicle charging further increases the energy demand. This paper reports the development of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) as an effective tool to reshape the load profile of EV charging by adopting appropriate demand side management strategy. This paper presents a total solution for EV charging service platform (EVAMI) based on power line and internet communication. It must be stressed that the development of Third Party Customer Service Platform in this investigation facilitates a single bill to be issued to EV owners. Hence, EV owners understand their energy usage and thus may perform energy saving activity efficiently. Experiment and evaluation of the proposed system show that the throughput achieved is about 5 Mbps at 10 ms end to end delay in Power line Communication. By introducing two dimensional dynamic pricing and charging schedule, the proposed EVAMI successfully reduces 36% peak consumption and increases the “off peak” consumption by 54%. Therefore the EVAMI does not only reduce the peak consumption but also relocates the energy demand effectively.

基于钚铍中子源的硼表辐射屏蔽分析

压水堆核电站一回路水中硼浓度的连续监测装置称为硼表,在硼表正常工作过程中,需要使用活度满足硼浓度在线监测要求的中子源。为了确保操作人员在调试、使用硼表过程中,人员受照剂量不超限值,并掌握硼表周围的中子、伽马剂量分布情况,使用MCNP软件对基于钚铍中子源的硼表进行了辐射屏蔽计算,测量了硼表探测装置外部六个方位的辐射剂量分布,并将计算结果与测量结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,探测装置外部的中子、伽马剂量率计算值与测量值符合较好,硼表探测装置周围剂量率分布测量结果表明剂量率随距离下降趋势明显,只要控制操作时间及操作距离,可确保人员辐射安全。

信息化技术在电力工业远程抄表系统中的应用

随着信息化技术的不断发展,数字化产品设备迎来了机遇与挑战,在电力工业领域,尤其是在远程抄表环节,合理运用信息化技术能够有效节约电力工业支出成本。基于此,采用信息化技术对电力工业中远程抄表系统的运用进行探讨。

基于智能电表数据的低压配电网拓扑与线路参数联合辨识

在低压配电网中,用户频繁地扩建和改接导致台账存在信息更新滞后、数据缺失等问题,难以获取当前运行状态下的拓扑及线路参数。针对无相角量测信息且含未知数量零注入功率“隐节点”的低压配电网,提出一种基于智能电表数据的低压配电网拓扑与线路参数联合辨识方法。基于低压配电网的电气特性以及辐射状网络的结构特点,推导出一种功率-电压比形式的线性逆潮流模型。通过线性回归求解得到阻抗距离矩阵,再利用无判定阈值形式的改进分组递归算法实现拓扑与线路参数的联合辨识。最后,在IEEE欧洲低压测试馈线和中国南京市某地区的实际低压配电网中对所提算法进行数值仿真,验证了所提算法的有效性。

Smart Home Networking: Lessons from Combining Wireless and Powerline Networking

Integrating the power grid technology with renewable power generation technologies, Demand Response (DR) programs enabled by the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) were introduced into the power grid in the interest of both utilities and residents. They help to achieve load balance and increase the grid reliability by encouraging residents to reduce their power usage during peak load periods in return for incentives. To automate this process, appliances, in-house sensors, and the AMI controller need to be networked together. In this paper, we compare mainstream network technologies applicable to home appliance control and propose a solution combining Power Line Communication (PLC) with wireless communication in smart homes for the purpose of energy saving. We extended NS-2, a popular network simulator, to model such combined network scenarios. Using a number of different routing strategies, we then model and evaluate the network performance of DR programs in smart homes in such a combined network.

光功率与通信质量优化的室内可见光LED布局研究

针对室内可见光灯源布局功率分布不平坦及通信质量差的问题,提出了一种对称米字型灯源布局方案。该方案通过构建与接收功率相关的目标函数,并融合Logistic混沌、反向策略、非线性函数以及自适应机制,在考虑一次反射的条件下,采用基于混沌逆初始化自适应权重哈里斯鹰优化算法(简称LRNA-HHO算法),实现了发光二极管(LED)位置及功率参数的最优设计。仿真结果表明:在5 m×5 m×3 m房间区域内,采用LRNA-HHO算法设计的灯源布局在功率分布上更均匀,接收功率方差为0.018 dBm,光照度均匀度达到0.925;信噪比范围为23.62~23.91 dB,通信质量得到明显改善。

Exploiting the Cellular Infrastructure for Data Transmission in Smart Metering Systems

To implement the access and backhaul networks for Smart Metering (SM) systems various technologies are combined with the existing communications infrastructure. This paper deals with data transmission in SM systems, focusing on how the existing cellular networks infrastructure is employed to implement SM access communication networks. The analysis aims at analyzing the role of the cellular communications infrastructure taking into account the spatial distribution and installation points of the smart meters, the urban and topological characteristics of the SM deployment areas and the common practice so far followed by the utilities. It is demonstrated that cellular communications, either exclusively or combined with power line communications, enable immediate and scalable deployment of SM access communication networks at low installation cost, thus constituting the basic option for the implementation of smart metering.

面向新型电力系统的电能计量技术

简述了新型电力系统呈现的新特性,分析了电能准确计量面临的突出问题。针对新型电力系统中对电能计量的新需求,提出了电能计量技术的创新发展方向,给出了一种多源互补场景的电能计量应用架构。

变电站电力仪表智能检测算法研究

移动边缘端设备在变电站电力仪表检测中,难以快速检测复杂环境中高相似度目标。为此,提出了一种基于轻量级YOLOX网络的电力仪表图像检测方法。首先,搭建YOLOX检测网络,并设计了基于深度可分离卷积骨干特征提取结构和参数重组的多尺度特征融合结构,以压缩模型参数量和提升推理速度。其次,在特征融合层中嵌入3维注意力机制SimAM,通过学习特征的能量分布,对目标区域进行加权,提升复杂环境下的仪表检测能力。同时,针对电力仪表检测的特殊需求,设计了基于金字塔池化特征编码的Transformer结构,从局部特征细化和长距离特征捕获2个方面挖掘底层高语义信息特征,提高不同外形电力仪表的检测精度。最后,通过构建破损、模糊及正常3种类型的电力指针型仪表数据集进行验证。实验结果显示,改进的模型相比原始模型,均值精度从75.49%提升至85.93%,检测速度从36帧/s提升至45帧/s。在移动端硬件Jetson NX上,推理速度可达17.6帧/s。与其他轻量化模型相比,该模型在检测精度和速度上具有明显优势,为电力仪表的可视化、信息化和智能化提供了可行的技术方案。

计及电量交易信息的用电碳计量方法

充分挖掘电碳耦合价值,构建电碳协同市场是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要抓手。电碳信息的耦合依赖一套合理、有效的用电碳计量体系,但我国现行用电碳计量体系中尚未考虑电量交易信息的影响,不能完全厘清每个电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任。针对此问题,该文从碳排放流理论出发,提出一套计及电量交易行为的用电碳计量新方法。首先,根据碳排放流理论的计算特性,针对有损网络建立其无损等效网络模型;之后,将交易电量和非交易流电量拆解开来,并分别根据其电量来源独立核算其产生的对应碳排放责任。该文方法严格遵守直接和间接碳排放的总量守恒原则,能够厘清电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任转移,且能够兼顾碳排放因子的时空差异性量化需求,进而具备引导用户开展低碳需求响应的能力。基于PJM-5节点系统和我国某地市实际数据开展仿真分析,仿真结果验证该文方法的有效性。

多参数激光告警中光功率测量电路设计

为了实现多参数激光告警中激光在不同波长、不同方向下光功率的准确测量,设计了一种光功率检测电路。该电路主要由光电探测模块和A/D采集模块两部分组成。光电探测模块由光电二极管和运放OPA2846组成,A/D采集模块是由AD9220模数转换电路和FPGA接口电路共同构成的。来袭的连续激光经过光电探测模块将光信号转化为电压信号,电压信号经过A/D采集模块后转换为数字信号,通过接口电路传到FPGA,FPGA再根据激光告警系统获得的来袭激光波长和方向对光功率进行修正和显示,同时用光功率计进行定量标记,在满足光电二极管的线性响应范围内,可得出光功率与采集到的电压值之间呈线性关系。在不使用外置光衰减片的条件下,该电路实现了不同入射角在400 nm~1700 nm光谱范围内、0~60 mW功率范围内对光功率的测量,与标准功率计测得的结果对比误差小于0.5 mW。

无线激光功率计数据采集传输模块设计

为实现远程激光功率的测量并保证数据传输的安全性,设计了一种非联网的无线激光功率计数据采集传输模块。该模块由三个部分组成:STM32数据采集模块、无线RS485透传模块和Qt上位机软件。其中STM32数据采集模块将探测器采集的电压模拟信号转换为数字信号,无线RS485透传模块负责STM32数据采集模块与PC端的数据通信,Qt上位机程序处理接收的数据并显示实时激光功率曲线。验证实验结果表明,在1 km传输距离下,该模块成功采集到完整的激光功率曲线,数据传输出错率为0。该模块实现了远距离、高速率的功率数据采集和传输功能,为后期无线激光功率计的研制工作奠定了基础。

基于低碳需求响应的新型电力系统中源-网-荷-储协调的优化调度

【目的】在我国“双碳”目标的背景下,节能减排已成为当前电力行业的首要战略目标之一。电力系统除了要考虑系统安全可靠性和经济性之外,还需要将“碳减排约束”引入系统各环节中,将呈现全新的低碳运行和管理模式。【方法】针对新型电力系统碳计量与低碳调控运行问题,提出一种基于碳排放流的低碳需求响应调度策略。首先,分析新型电力系统源-网-荷-储各环节的碳排放影响因素,建立基于碳排放流理论精确的碳计量模型。其次,以动态碳排放因子为引导信号建立低碳需求响应机制,进行优化调度。【结果】通过算例验证:基于低碳需求响应的新型电力系统源-网-荷-储协调优化调度方法有效激发激发系统各环节减排潜力,降低碳排放量,提高新能源消纳率。