Rice spikelet rot disease(RSRD), caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging disease. So far, the effects of diseased rice floral organs as well as the primary infection sites and stages of this pathogen are not d...Rice spikelet rot disease(RSRD), caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging disease. So far, the effects of diseased rice floral organs as well as the primary infection sites and stages of this pathogen are not determined. We investigated changes in the floral organs, along with the infection processes of the pathogen in plants inoculated with F. proliferatum and labelled with a green fluorescent protein during different growth stages of rice. The results showed that RSRD is not a systemic infectious disease, which has negative effects on the fertility of the infected rice. F. proliferatum caused brown colored anthers, crinkled pistils and ovaries, pollen grain deformities and anther indehiscence. The number of pollen grains on the stigmas decreased significantly in the infected spikelets, and the anther dehiscence and seed-setting rate successively declined by 69% and 73%, respectively, as a result of the infection. The initial infection stage occurred at the pollen cell maturity stage, and the primary invasion sites were determined to be the anthers of rice. It was noted that the pathogen mainly damaged the pollen cells, and with the exception of the filaments, proceeded to colonize the pistils and endosperm.展开更多
Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop and is also a target of many fungal diseases including Fusarium spp. As of today, very little information is available about molecular mechanisms that contrib...Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop and is also a target of many fungal diseases including Fusarium spp. As of today, very little information is available about molecular mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis and defense responses in alfalfa against Fusarium spp. and specifically against Fusarium proliferatum, the causal agent of alfalfa root rot. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify inducible proteins in alfalfa during a compatible interaction with F. proliferatum strain YQC-LI. Samples used for the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were from roots and leaves of alfalfa cultivar AmeriGraze 401＋Z and WL656HQ. Plants were grown in hydroponic conditions and at 4 days post inoculation with YQC-LI. Our disease symptom assays indicated thatAmeriGraze 401＋Z was tolerant to YQC-L1 infection while WL656HQ was highly susceptible. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins found in the 2-DE was further characterized using the MASCOT MS/MS ion search software and associated databases to identify multiple proteins that might be involved in F. proliferatum resistance. A total of 66 and 27 differentially expressed proteins were found in the roots and leaves of the plants inoculated with YQC-L1, respectively. These identified proteins were placed in various categories including defense and stress response related metabolism, photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Thirteen identified proteins were validated for their expressions by quantitative reverse transcription （qRT）-PCR. Our results suggested that some of the identified proteins might play important roles in alfalfa resistance against Fusarium spp. These finding could facilitate further dissections of molecular mechanisms controlling root rot disease in alfalfa and potentially other legume crops.展开更多
Conidia of Fusarium proliferatum infected epidermal cells of stigma, hairs and filaments on maize when sprayed on maize filament. Hyphae of F. proliferatum extended along with the parenehyma and vascular cells in the ...Conidia of Fusarium proliferatum infected epidermal cells of stigma, hairs and filaments on maize when sprayed on maize filament. Hyphae of F. proliferatum extended along with the parenehyma and vascular cells in the filaments, and infected toward ovary. Both the parenchyma cells and the epidermal cells were wrinkled, and the filament was deformed. The result showed that F. proliferatum could infect filaments directly and cause maize ear rot through filament channel.展开更多
[Objectives]To find out the suitable inoculation method for Fusarium proliferatum.[Methods]Longmu 801 and TG4 were inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud and seedling stages and with root irrigation at t...[Objectives]To find out the suitable inoculation method for Fusarium proliferatum.[Methods]Longmu 801 and TG4 were inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud and seedling stages and with root irrigation at the seedling stage,respectively,and then,the plant height,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,incidence rate and disease index of the alfalfa were determined to conduct comprehensive resistance evaluation.[Results]There was obvious difference in disease resistance between the two alfalfa varieties.Among the three inoculation methods,the relative plant height,relative aboveground biomass and relative underground biomass of Longmu 801 differed insignificantly(P>0.05),all around 100.There were significant differences in TG4 among different inoculation methods(P<0.05).The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage were the highest,and their incidence rates and disease indices were 73.3%and 100%,and 40 and 60,respectively,significantly higher than those under the other two inoculation methods.The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the seedling stage were the lowest,and their incidence rates and disease indices were 0%and 13.30%,and 0 and 5.33,respectively,significantly lower than those under the other two inoculation methods.[Conclusions]The inoculation time and inoculation method of the pathogen both affect the inoculation effect.Among the three inoculation methods,the inoculation with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage is the most pathogenic to alfalfa seedlings,and can be popularized in the resistance evaluation of alfalfa to root diseases.展开更多
Beauvericin, a cyclohexadepsipeptide-possessing natural product with synergistic antifungal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. We isolated and characterized the fpBeas gene cluster, devoted to beauvericin biosyn...Beauvericin, a cyclohexadepsipeptide-possessing natural product with synergistic antifungal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. We isolated and characterized the fpBeas gene cluster, devoted to beauvericin biosynthesis, from the filamentous fungus Fusarium proliferatum LF061. Targeted inactivation of the F. proliferatum genomic copy of fpBeas abolished the production of beauvericin. Comparative sequence analysis of the FpBEAS showed 74% similarity with the BbBEAS that synthesizes the cyclic trimeric ester beauvericin in Beauveria bassiana, which assembles N-methyl-dipeptidol monomer intermediates by the programmed iterative use of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules. Differences between the organization of the beauvericin loci in F. proliferaturm and B. bassiana revealed the mechanism for high production of beauvericin in F. proliferatum. Our work provides new insights into beauvericin biosynthesis, and may lead to beauvericin overproduction and creation of new analogs via synthetic biology approaches.展开更多
以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆...以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFD0200801,2017YFD0300409 and 2018YFD 020030405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31800133)+5 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ18C140005)Agriculture,Rural Areas,and Farmers Six-Party Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.CTZB-F160728AWZ-SNY1-4)the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)the Collaborative Innovation Project of the CAAS(Grant No.CAAS-XTCX2016012)the Core Research Budget of Nonprofit Governmental Research Insititute of China(Grant No.2014RG005-2)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019C02018)
文摘Rice spikelet rot disease(RSRD), caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging disease. So far, the effects of diseased rice floral organs as well as the primary infection sites and stages of this pathogen are not determined. We investigated changes in the floral organs, along with the infection processes of the pathogen in plants inoculated with F. proliferatum and labelled with a green fluorescent protein during different growth stages of rice. The results showed that RSRD is not a systemic infectious disease, which has negative effects on the fertility of the infected rice. F. proliferatum caused brown colored anthers, crinkled pistils and ovaries, pollen grain deformities and anther indehiscence. The number of pollen grains on the stigmas decreased significantly in the infected spikelets, and the anther dehiscence and seed-setting rate successively declined by 69% and 73%, respectively, as a result of the infection. The initial infection stage occurred at the pollen cell maturity stage, and the primary invasion sites were determined to be the anthers of rice. It was noted that the pathogen mainly damaged the pollen cells, and with the exception of the filaments, proceeded to colonize the pistils and endosperm.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35-04)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(ASTIP-IAS14)
文摘Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop and is also a target of many fungal diseases including Fusarium spp. As of today, very little information is available about molecular mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis and defense responses in alfalfa against Fusarium spp. and specifically against Fusarium proliferatum, the causal agent of alfalfa root rot. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify inducible proteins in alfalfa during a compatible interaction with F. proliferatum strain YQC-LI. Samples used for the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were from roots and leaves of alfalfa cultivar AmeriGraze 401＋Z and WL656HQ. Plants were grown in hydroponic conditions and at 4 days post inoculation with YQC-LI. Our disease symptom assays indicated thatAmeriGraze 401＋Z was tolerant to YQC-L1 infection while WL656HQ was highly susceptible. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins found in the 2-DE was further characterized using the MASCOT MS/MS ion search software and associated databases to identify multiple proteins that might be involved in F. proliferatum resistance. A total of 66 and 27 differentially expressed proteins were found in the roots and leaves of the plants inoculated with YQC-L1, respectively. These identified proteins were placed in various categories including defense and stress response related metabolism, photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Thirteen identified proteins were validated for their expressions by quantitative reverse transcription （qRT）-PCR. Our results suggested that some of the identified proteins might play important roles in alfalfa resistance against Fusarium spp. These finding could facilitate further dissections of molecular mechanisms controlling root rot disease in alfalfa and potentially other legume crops.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Program for Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(2010JRTSTHN012)Henan Foundation and Frontier Technology Research Program of Henan Science and Technology Department(162300410137)+1 种基金Henan Educational Committee Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education(16A210034)Nanyang Normal University Special Project(ZX2016002)
文摘Conidia of Fusarium proliferatum infected epidermal cells of stigma, hairs and filaments on maize when sprayed on maize filament. Hyphae of F. proliferatum extended along with the parenehyma and vascular cells in the filaments, and infected toward ovary. Both the parenchyma cells and the epidermal cells were wrinkled, and the filament was deformed. The result showed that F. proliferatum could infect filaments directly and cause maize ear rot through filament channel.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702169)Innovative Talent Cultivation Project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(CXRC2017006)Scientific Research Innovation Fund for Postgraduates of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(YJSCX2018-Y39)。
文摘[Objectives]To find out the suitable inoculation method for Fusarium proliferatum.[Methods]Longmu 801 and TG4 were inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud and seedling stages and with root irrigation at the seedling stage,respectively,and then,the plant height,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,incidence rate and disease index of the alfalfa were determined to conduct comprehensive resistance evaluation.[Results]There was obvious difference in disease resistance between the two alfalfa varieties.Among the three inoculation methods,the relative plant height,relative aboveground biomass and relative underground biomass of Longmu 801 differed insignificantly(P>0.05),all around 100.There were significant differences in TG4 among different inoculation methods(P<0.05).The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage were the highest,and their incidence rates and disease indices were 73.3%and 100%,and 40 and 60,respectively,significantly higher than those under the other two inoculation methods.The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the seedling stage were the lowest,and their incidence rates and disease indices were 0%and 13.30%,and 0 and 5.33,respectively,significantly lower than those under the other two inoculation methods.[Conclusions]The inoculation time and inoculation method of the pathogen both affect the inoculation effect.Among the three inoculation methods,the inoculation with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage is the most pathogenic to alfalfa seedlings,and can be popularized in the resistance evaluation of alfalfa to root diseases.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB734000, 2012CB725200)the CAS Pillar Program (XDA04074000)+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011ZX11102-011-11)ZHANG LiXin is an Awardee for the National Distinguished Young Scholar Program in China
文摘Beauvericin, a cyclohexadepsipeptide-possessing natural product with synergistic antifungal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. We isolated and characterized the fpBeas gene cluster, devoted to beauvericin biosynthesis, from the filamentous fungus Fusarium proliferatum LF061. Targeted inactivation of the F. proliferatum genomic copy of fpBeas abolished the production of beauvericin. Comparative sequence analysis of the FpBEAS showed 74% similarity with the BbBEAS that synthesizes the cyclic trimeric ester beauvericin in Beauveria bassiana, which assembles N-methyl-dipeptidol monomer intermediates by the programmed iterative use of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules. Differences between the organization of the beauvericin loci in F. proliferaturm and B. bassiana revealed the mechanism for high production of beauvericin in F. proliferatum. Our work provides new insights into beauvericin biosynthesis, and may lead to beauvericin overproduction and creation of new analogs via synthetic biology approaches.
文摘以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。
