The Research of Change Trend of Our Government's Public Expenditure Scale

It is obvious that the change trend of our government expenditure scale declined constantly .The expenditure proportion of science, education, culture and hygiene increased fast, reflected the situation that the finance of our country was transformed into “public finance” from “building type finance” gradually.The expenditure proportion of the local is higher than central authorities. This is disadvantageous for our country’s economy development and society stability.

Social-Justice Principles Should Apply in Public Expenditure

In the absence of household data, this article attempts to convert variables to build a public expenditure incidence assessment model by using middle-level data to analyse and explain the disequilibrium between the rich and poor in their public expenditure benefits. By using China's provincial data to validate this model, we have found a lack of sufficient public security services for the rich; an increase in cultural, educational and healthcare provisions as well as social relief for the poor over recent years; a lack of social security services for the poor; the availability of immediate economic services, but a lack of those with long-term benefits to the poor; the provision of subsidies to the rich and the furnishing of special-purpose services and support to the poor. The disparity in the provision of public services is primarily attributable to economic strength, economic deficiency, public preference and the government financial transfer payment mechanism. Last but not least, the paper presents some policy recommendations.

The Efficiency of Public Health Expenditure in Turkey Between 2003 and 2013

Turkey launched a project in 2003 known as ＂Health Transformation Programme＂ （HTP）, which enabled Turkey to make considerable progress and radical changes to the health care system. The programme in 2003 included the effectiveness and the efficiency factors within the process by setting them as the primary objectives to increase the health status of the population （effectiveness） and to use resources in the best possible manner and at the lowest possible cost （efficiency）. Accessing services according to the need of patients and state benefits according to their ability to pay would be viable under these objectives. In this study, initially, Turkish National Health System will be articulated on a literature-study basis approach to measure the efficiency of public expenditure on health. Then, the measured level of the efficiency will be analysed in Turkey, The paper serves a purpose to analyse the efficiency based on the outcomes of heath service such as satisfaction with public health services over the period of 2003-2013. A simple linear regression was employed to test the degree of statistical relation between public health expenditure and satisfaction with public health care services.

Accounting Harmonization for the Assessment of the Public Expenditure in Healthcare Service： Evidence From the Italian Experience

The introduction of the New Public Management （NPM） has not bridged the differences among the various European accounting traditions. In Italy, in particular, there are still different accounting methods in all public sectors. In the healthcare system, these differences have emerged more strongly. The recent Italian reform on accounting harmonization seems to be the answer to this accounting disharmony and represents a means of controlling public expenditure. This study aims to analyze the consolidated financial statement and the consolidated cash flow statement of the regional healthcare system as a new tool for the accounting harmonization. This paper is divided into two logical parts： In the first part, the authors analyze how the new accounting model is evolving under the current reform; in the second part, the authors analyze the consolidated financial statement and the consolidated cash flow statement that has been applied experimentally over the last two years in the Umbria Region.

Governance Quality,Public Expenditure Efficiency,and Economic Growth

In this paper,we first examine the impact of governance quality on public expenditure efficiency.Then,we try to determine the effect of these expenditures on economic growth.Our starting point is the idea that public expenditure efficiency of a government program is significantly affected by the country’s governance quality.In other words,changes in government expenditure and the returns they generate on a government program depend on governance quality.Our sample consists of 36 countries observed over the 1996 to 2020 period.This period is known by a significant transition of political regimes.Our research model links government expenditure with the returns generated in a country in a given sector.In this model,we introduce the governance variable to examine the impact of government expenditure on returns on a government program in terms of schooling rates and life expectancy.The results indicate that governance quality affects expenditure structure and that efficiency of this expenditure positively correlates with a better governance quality as measured by corruption control and government efficiency.We also found that efficient expenditure has a positive impact on economic growth.

A Study of the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on the Efficiency of Public Health Expenditure

In this present-day global pandemic that has not been completely resolved,health is a major concern among people,and correspondingly,people are demanding higher standards for public health products and services provided by the government.In this paper,we measure the technical efficiency of public health expenditure in each province by using the data envelopment analysis(DEA)model,and examine the impact of decentralization on the efficiency of public health expenditure under the fiscal decentralization system using the panel data from 31 provinces from 2012-2019 in a panel model subject to fixed effects.

The "Three Party" Predicament and Strategy Research of Enterprises' R&D Expenditure Tax Motivation Policy Implementation

In the age of information economy, the deduction policy of enterprises' R&D expenditure plays an important role in encouraging technology company to innovate and promoting the technology. However, with the deepening of policy implementation, the main subjects, science and technology department, tax department, and technology company, are having some problems, which has a negative impact on the implementation of the deduction policy.This paper reorganizes the main policy of enterprises' R&D expenditure deduction and analyses the reality that "three party" are facing, then gives some advice to the regulation of R&D expenditure deduction policy.

Ethnic diversity, tax limitations and public goods

One strand of research in public economics has found that increasing ethnic diversity leads to reductions in provision of productive public goods. Another strand of research has emphasized the key role that tax and expenditure limitations play in the provision of public services. This paper explores the interaction between these two effects. The regression results suggest that the prior results on ethnic diversity are robust when TELs are taken into consideration. In addition, the imposition of TELs mitigates the negative effect of ethnic fragmentation on the share of local spending on education and roads. It also mitigates the positive correlation between ethnic diversity and total local government revenue and expenditure per capita.

基于结构-过程的公共R&D投入技术创新效应机理分析

以公共R&D投入的技术创新效应为研究对象,提出基于结构-过程的公共R&D投入效应分析框架,以中国国家创新体系为例,建立公共R&D投入与技术创新产出关系的系统动力学模型,模拟分析公共R&D投入的技术创新效应。研究发现:①企业作为公共R&D经费执行主体的地位有所增强,公共研发机构的作用有所减弱;②调整公共R&D投入结构是促进公共R&D投入目标实现的重要手段。

公共支出政策对企业R&D支出的效应研究

公共支出对企业创新R&D支出是互补效应还是挤出效应,学术界尚无一致结论.本文从我国宏观层面提出假设,运用1998—2009年的时间序列数据,通过线性回归模型计算,研究公共研发支出和财政直接拨款这两项最常用的公共支出政策对企业创新R&D支出的作用效应,结果表明:公共研发支出和财政直接拨款对企业的R&D支出具有积极的促进作用;在宏观层面上,与财政直接拨款相比,我国的公共研发支出对企业R&D支出的促进作用更加明显;上一年的公共支出政策对下一年的企业R&D支出的作用并不明显.

基于绿色发展的中国城市公共支出效率研究——基于四阶段DEA和Bootstrap-DEA模型的实证分析

基于四阶段DEA和Bootstrap-DEA模型对中国城市公共支出效率进行比较分析,结果表明:传统DEA方法测算的城市公共支出效率值被明显低估;城市产业结构、政府对城市环保的重视程度对中国城市公共支出效率具有显著的影响;基于绿色发展的中国城市公共支出效率差异明显,东部城市的综合效率明显好于中部和西部,而西部城市的规模效率较好,中部城市作为夹心层,各项效率均较低。

基于三阶段DEA的我国公共服务效率评价

采用三阶段DEA方法,选取2012—2021年我国公共服务的相关数据,分析政治社会类、经济发展类和文化建设类公共服务的效率状况.研究表明,剔除环境和随机因素的影响后,2012—2021年我国公共服务供给效率总体呈现上升趋势,外部因素对我国公共服务效率存在显著影响,各个省域都发生了不同程度的变化,其中对政治社会类公共服务和西部地区的影响最大.同第一阶段DEA结果比较,第三阶段的结果更加符合实际情况.据此,未来我国公共服务的政策重点有三:一要强化制度保障,炼就有制可循的“定心丸”;二要盘活创新要素,激发发展活力的“催化剂”;三要健全评价体系,擦亮效率监督的“监控器”.

Analysis on Present Status and Development Tendency of Performance Audit in China

Performance audit has become a mainstream-trend in the development of modern government audit currently.However,the launch of performance audit in China is unbalanced,which the performance audit with Chinese characteristics develops quite fast,while the full sense of performance audit develops quite slowly.Except factors such as different recognition of performance audit,the main reason of this development imbalance is that development of performance audit is limited by the current audit system.Nevertheless,it is not hard to find some positive aspects existing in the development of performance audit in China,concluding developments and changes of the environment of performance audit in China over the recent years.

Triggering economic growth to ensure financial stability:case study of Northern Cyprus

This study questions the importance of public debt in stable growth between 1980 and 2018,specifically,the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis and Keynesian view are questioned.This study used data obtained from the Northern Cyprus State Planning Office.A restricted vector autoregressive model is used to test the causal relationships between this model and public debt,government expenditure,total capital,consumption,investment,employment,net exports,exchange rate,and gross domestic product growth rate.To ensure financial stability,the variables that trigger economic growth through increased interactions were evaluated.Accordingly,unlike other studies,the Wald test results reveal that public debt does not have a direct effect on the gross national product but indirectly affects total capital,consumption,investment,and public expenditure,all of which influence real gross domestic product(RGDP).It has been observed that employment affects RGDP,consumption,government spending,and investment.There is also bidirectional causality between consumption,government spending,and RGDP.The estimates of the Ricardian equivalent hypothesis are important.However,today’s changing economic policies,declining real incomes,and consumer behavior in the face of ever-increasing inflation require that the theory be redesigned.Therefore,contrary to theoretical predictions,consumers are concerned about maintaining their standard of living rather than directing tax deductions to savings.Contrary to the claims of Keynesian researchers,no causal relationship is observed between public debt and growth in this study.However,public debt directly affects total capital,consumption,government spending,and investment,which are important for sustainable economic policy.

Three Critical Issues in Sustainable Development Studies and the Transition Development of China

The core issue for China transition development in the next 30 years is to shift from the quantity growth model to the quality improvement model. The paper introduces the research progress in three key areas of sustainable development studies since the 1990s. It is pointed out that there is a well-being thresh-old at which the margin utility of economic growth for human well-being will decline, that there is an ecological limit beyond which more economic growth in terms of physical scale will be impossible, and that the creation of human well-being is related not only to the amount but also to the structure and efficiency of public expenditure from government. After an in-depth discussion on facts, origins and policy implications of each issue, some theory and policy thinking with long-lasting significance are raised for the transition development of China.

基于DEA-Tobit模型的中国体育公共服务财政支出效率及其影响因素研究

为探究我国体育公共服务财政支出效率及其存在问题,选取2013—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,利用CCR、BCC和Malmquist模型进行效率评价,并构建Tobit模型分析其影响因素。研究表明:体育公共服务财政支出综合效率不高,波动较大,规模效率普遍高于纯技术效率,地区间存在“中部>西部>东部”的异质性特征;除江西和西藏外均存在投入和产出冗余现象;全要素生产率前期波动大,后期趋于稳定;外部影响因素中,人均GDP、人口密度、财政自主权、体育管理人员比例与体育公共服务财政效率呈正相关,未通过显著性检验,城镇化率为负相关且通过显著性检验。据此提出加快财税改革、完善转移支付、加快供给侧改革、坚持新发展理念等发展建议,以期推动体育公共服务高质量发展。

Research on the Effect of R&D Investment Intensity and Sales Expense on the Performance of Biomedical Enterprises

Objective To explore the influence of new drug R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises.Methods The financial statements of 76 listed biomedical enterprises for 5 consecutive years were selected,and the data were modeled to study the effect of R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises by using financial indicators as tools and statistical methods of multiple linear regression.Results and Conclusion Under the premise that the weak related factors such as enterprise scale,life cycle and asset-liability ratio are set as unrelated variables,the R&D investment intensity of biomedical enterprises is negatively correlated with the current performance,which also shows that the R&D of biomedical enterprises has the characteristics of high risk.Besides,the influence of early R&D investment is delayed.However,the sales expense of leading biomedical enterprises with large scales have higher proportion.Meanwhile the greater sales expense of the same enterprise in different periods,the better the enterprise performance is.Biomedical enterprises should consider their own development stage to develop more patented drugs.Besides,they must formulate plans for allocating reasonable sales personnel and cost expense to ensure that enterprises can obtain better benefits.

省级财政支出效率的DEA评价

DEA方法是客观评价财政支出效率的有力手段,建立合理的投入产出指标体系是应用此分析框架的前提。研究表明,省级地方财政支出效率总体上存在较大提升空间,控制财政支出是改进政府效率的主要对策。

我国公共图书馆发展与经济增长关系初探——公共图书馆财政投入与GDP的实证分析

根据1979—2008年的相关数据,对我国公共图书馆财政投入与GDP之间的关系进行协整检验,并在此基础上建立误差修正模型。格兰杰因果关系检验表明,公共图书馆财政投入对国民经济的发展具有正向促进作用,同时又受国民经济发展的制约。公共图书馆的经济效益应得到社会的正确认识和重视,政府应加大对公共图书馆事业的投入使公共图书馆与国民经济协调发展。

中国地方公共卫生财政支出效率研究——基于DEA-Malmquist指数的实证分析

笔者选取我国2005年至2008年间省级公共卫生的投入与产出数据为样本,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法核算了我国地方财政卫生支出的技术效率值、纯技术效率值以及规模效率值,并通过测算Malmquist指数以衡量中国地方公共卫生财政支出生产率的动态变化。研究结果表明,我国地方公共卫生财政支出存在着24%的投入浪费,其中规模效率影响了整体技术效率。从动态上看,地方公共卫生财政支出全要素生产率在样本期间内逐年下降,原因是受到生产技术变动的影响。