BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs ...BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage that applies a higher average voltage to a larger protein species. BlotMan can be controlled not only by its custom-made interface but also by a smart phone via Bluetooth technology. In this study, we examined effects of PWM signals (50%, 60%, and 80% duty cycle) on transfer efficiency and signal intensity in comparison to a constant voltage signal (100% duty cycle). The result revealed that in response to the same average voltage of 150 V, a lower duty cycle with a higher maximum voltage increased transfer efficiency as well as sharpness of transferred proteins. We validated BlotMan’s capability using a chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353 cells) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB231 cells) in response to antitumor chemical agents. BlotMan successfully generated 5 membranes from a single gel and detected 5 protein species such as c-Src, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2), phosphorylated eIF2, lamin B, and actin. Collectively, we demonstrated herein that BlotMan reduces an amount of protein samples by generating multiple membranes from a single gel and improving signal intensity with PWM voltage signals.展开更多
Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for...Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.展开更多
Instead of avoiding occurrence of chaos in motor drives, chaos is positively utilized in this paper. A new chaotic pulse width modulation （PWM） scheme is proposed and implemented for AC motors, which functions to si...Instead of avoiding occurrence of chaos in motor drives, chaos is positively utilized in this paper. A new chaotic pulse width modulation （PWM） scheme is proposed and implemented for AC motors, which functions to significantly suppress harmonic peaks and hence acoustic noise. The key is to employ the Chua＇s circuit for generating a desired chaotic sequence. By using a practical induction motor, computer simulation and experimental results verify that the chaotic PWM has advantages of harmonic peak suppression and simple hardware implementation over the conventional PWM and random PWM.展开更多
恒频直接功率控制(constant switching frequency direct power control,CSF-DPC)具有开关频率固定、动态性能好、系统采样频率较低等优点。电网电压不平衡会在脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)型整流器交流侧产生大量谐波电流,使...恒频直接功率控制(constant switching frequency direct power control,CSF-DPC)具有开关频率固定、动态性能好、系统采样频率较低等优点。电网电压不平衡会在脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)型整流器交流侧产生大量谐波电流,使系统有功功率大幅波动,恶化系统性能。针对上述情况,提出一种新型恒频直接功率控制策略。该策略首先分离出电网电压和电流正、负序分量;然后在正、负序双旋转坐标系下计算瞬时功率与参考值之间的误差,根据误差生成整流器正、负序参考电压;合成后采用空间矢量调制(spacevector modulation,SVM)算法产生整流器电压,对功率进行补偿。该策略可有效抑制交流侧电流谐波,减小系统无功功率直流分量,稳定系统输出的有功功率,改善系统稳态性能。仿真与实验结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。展开更多
文摘BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage that applies a higher average voltage to a larger protein species. BlotMan can be controlled not only by its custom-made interface but also by a smart phone via Bluetooth technology. In this study, we examined effects of PWM signals (50%, 60%, and 80% duty cycle) on transfer efficiency and signal intensity in comparison to a constant voltage signal (100% duty cycle). The result revealed that in response to the same average voltage of 150 V, a lower duty cycle with a higher maximum voltage increased transfer efficiency as well as sharpness of transferred proteins. We validated BlotMan’s capability using a chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353 cells) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB231 cells) in response to antitumor chemical agents. BlotMan successfully generated 5 membranes from a single gel and detected 5 protein species such as c-Src, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2), phosphorylated eIF2, lamin B, and actin. Collectively, we demonstrated herein that BlotMan reduces an amount of protein samples by generating multiple membranes from a single gel and improving signal intensity with PWM voltage signals.
文摘Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0103)
文摘Instead of avoiding occurrence of chaos in motor drives, chaos is positively utilized in this paper. A new chaotic pulse width modulation （PWM） scheme is proposed and implemented for AC motors, which functions to significantly suppress harmonic peaks and hence acoustic noise. The key is to employ the Chua＇s circuit for generating a desired chaotic sequence. By using a practical induction motor, computer simulation and experimental results verify that the chaotic PWM has advantages of harmonic peak suppression and simple hardware implementation over the conventional PWM and random PWM.
文摘恒频直接功率控制(constant switching frequency direct power control,CSF-DPC)具有开关频率固定、动态性能好、系统采样频率较低等优点。电网电压不平衡会在脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)型整流器交流侧产生大量谐波电流,使系统有功功率大幅波动,恶化系统性能。针对上述情况,提出一种新型恒频直接功率控制策略。该策略首先分离出电网电压和电流正、负序分量;然后在正、负序双旋转坐标系下计算瞬时功率与参考值之间的误差,根据误差生成整流器正、负序参考电压;合成后采用空间矢量调制(spacevector modulation,SVM)算法产生整流器电压,对功率进行补偿。该策略可有效抑制交流侧电流谐波,减小系统无功功率直流分量,稳定系统输出的有功功率,改善系统稳态性能。仿真与实验结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。
