浅谈rasH2-Tg小鼠短期致癌性试验的设计要点

rasH2-Tg小鼠是当前转基因替代模型中应用最广泛的短期致癌性试验模型小鼠,对遗传阳性致癌物和非遗传阳性致癌物均敏感,且自发肿瘤率较低。目前国内外相关指导原则还没有针对该转基因小鼠致癌性试验的详细设计要求,本文通过汇总并分析了2013—2022年在美国获批上市且采用该转基因小鼠进行的51个新药的致癌性试验申报资料,并结合实际工作经验对试验设计要点进行整理论述,为国内新药致癌性试验的开展提供参考。

Yinqiao Sanhuang Paste Combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine Plaster for the Intervention of Drug Rash Induced by Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of Yinqiao Sanhuang Paste combined with traditional Chinese medicine plaster in treating drug rash caused by targeted therapy in lung cancer.Methods:A total of 100 lung cancer patients treated at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 50 patients in each group.The control group received conventional medication,while the observation group was treated with Yinqiao Sanhuang Paste combined with traditional Chinese medicine plaster.The clinical symptom improvement and adverse reactions in both groups were observed.Results:The effective rate in the control group was 80.00%,while in the observation group,it was 96.00%,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The onset time,duration,and significant effect time in the control group were(2.41±0.29)days,(4.42±1.21)days,and(5.45±0.29)days,respectively;in the observation group,they were(2.44±0.21)days,(4.28±1.11)days,and(5.57±1.01)days,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the total onset time and total duration between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 28.00%,higher than the observation group’s 10.00%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yinqiao Sanhuang Paste combined with traditional Chinese medicine plaster can effectively reduce the symptoms of drug rash induced by targeted therapy in lung cancer and lower the incidence of adverse reactions,indicating good clinical application value.

The Role of Mediterranean Spotted Fever in the Spectrum of Pediatric Fever with Rashes

When febrile illnesses develop a rash in children, parents are very concerned about a serious disease. Many rashes associated with fever are caused by infectious diseases. Rashes are generally nonspecific and play a supportive role in differential diagnosis, but for some diseases, the appearance of the rash is essential in making a diagnosis. Here is presented the case of a 4-year-old boy with high fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and a generalized maculo-papular rash including palms and soles. On physical examination were found a black eschar, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings resulted in moderate leukocytosis and moderate involvement of the liver and renal function. Based on this finding, a diagnosis of Mediterranean Spotted Fever was performed. The child recovered after medication with azithromycin. Because there is no reliable test that can confirm MSF in its early stages, the diagnosis is commonly made on the basis of clinical findings, so a high index of suspicion should be maintained while evaluating a child with fever and rash.

Monkeypox presenting as a chancre-like rash:A case report

BACKGROUND Since May 2022,outbreaks of monkeypox have occurred in many countries around the world,and several cases have been reported in China.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man presented with a small,painless,shallow ulcer on the coronary groove for 8 d.One day after the rash appeared,the patient developed inguinal lymphadenopathy with fever.The patient had a history of male-male sexual activity and denied a recent history of travel abroad.Monkeypox virus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from the rash site and throat swab.Based on the epidemiological history,clinical manifestations and nucleic acid test results,the patient was diagnosed with monkeypox.CONCLUSION Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease in China.Monkeypox presenting as a chancre-like rash is easily misdiagnosed.Diagnosis can be made based on exposure history,clinical manifestations and nucleic acid test results.

Chinese Plants in the Persian Agricultural Manual Asar va Ahyā’,and a Discussion of Rashīd al-Dīn’s Chinese Knowledge and Agricultural Practice

The Asar va Ahyā’is a manual of agricultural production written in the early fourteenth century by the famous Iranian vizier and scholar Rashīd al-Dīn.Only chapter 6 to chapter 13 of the original work survive,dealing with agriculture and horticulture,and nearly a third of the pages of which are devoted to introducing Chinese plants and related knowledge.In addition to introducing botanical knowledge,the book also covered information on all the aspects of the Yuan dynasty(1271–1368),including the taxation system,monetary system,military system,economy and trade,manufacturing techniques,ethnic customs,food culture,and other fields,providing important materials for research on the dissemination of species,exchange of technologies,communication of ethnic groups,and integration of cultures between China and the world during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.Rashīd al-Dīn,the book’s author,took advantage of his identities as a statesman and a businessman to collect rich information about plants all over the world.Motivated by his specific interest in Chinese culture,he included a huge amount of Chinese information in the book.Meanwhile,records in the Asar va Asyā’reflect the author’s practice of researching,planting,and cultivating plants,making the book not only a compilation of agricultural knowledge,but also a report that recorded the author’s agricultural practice.

Incidence of rubella IgM antibodies in individuals with febrile rash illness attending clinics in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, 2006-2009

Background: Rubella is an infectious disease of public health importance because infection ac-quired during early pregnancy often results in foetal abnormalities that are classified as con-genital rubella syndrome (CRS). The burden of rubella infection in most developing countries is however not well documented because of lim-ited epidemiological data. Methods: Between 2006 and 2009, 781individuals with febrile rash illness seen in clinics in Akwa Ibom State were screened for rubella specific IgM antibodies using the ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was done using Graph prime version 5.3 statis-tical package at 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was established at P = 0.05 using Fisher’s exact two-tailed values. Results: Of 781 individuals screened for rubella specific IgM antibodies, 94 (12%) were found to be posi-tive. Incidence of 8.7% recorded in 2006 gradu-ally rose to 9.3% in 2007, 11.6% in 2008 and 14.3% in 2009. Those in the reproductive age group (> 16 years) were most affected (51.7%). However, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.228). Females (17.4%) were more suscepti-ble than males (6.2%) (P < 0.0001) an rural dwellers (12.8%) more susceptible than urban dwellers (10.5%) (P = 0.416). Conclusion: The study shows that the incidence of rubella in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria is high. The lowest incidence was however found among individu-als below the reproductive age. Thus, the find-ings of this study can be used by policy makers to model the introduction of routine rubella vaccination into the country’ Expanded Program on Immunization Schedule (EPI).

Skin rash caused by EGFR-TKI could be treated successfully by Pien Tze Huang Unguentum Compositum: a case report

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)plays an important role in cancer therapy.However,EGFR is highly expressed in the skin and gives rise to one of the most concerning issues for the EGFR-TKI treatment,namely skin toxicity.Antibiotics and corticosteroids are usually used to treat the EGFR inhibitor-associated skin rash,with prominent side effects over long-time use.Pien Tze Huang(PZH)Unguentum Compositum is a traditional product for external application which is made of traditional Chinese medicine and oil base.Herein,we reported the case of a 50-year-old man who presented with skin rash on the face,head,and back induced by an EGFR-TKI named erlotinib.By using PZH Unguentum Compositum,we observed that the skin rash was mitigated and eventually disappeared.This case report suggests that PZH Unguentum Compositum may be an effective therapy in treating skin rash caused by EGFR-TKI with fewer side effects.

Persistent diarrhea with petechial rash-unusual pattern of light chain amyloidosis deposition on skin and gastrointestinal biopsies:A case report

BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded protein aggregated into insoluble fibrils.Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic amyloidosis is common,but is often subclinical or presents as vague and nonspecific symptoms.It is rare for gastrointestinal symptoms to be the main presenting symptom in patients with systemic amyloidosis,causing it to be undiagnosed until late-stage disease.CASE SUMMARY A 53 year-old man with diarrhea,hematochezia,and weight loss presented to a community hospital.Colonoscopy with biopsy at that time was suspicious for Crohn disease.Due to worsening symptoms including nausea,vomiting,and a new petechial rash,an abdominal fat pad biopsy was done.The biopsy showed papillary and adnexal dermal amyloid deposition,in a pattern usually seen with cutaneous amyloidosis.However,Cytokeratin 5/6 was negative,excluding cutaneous amyloidosis.The patterns of nodular amyloidosis,subcutaneous amyloid deposits and perivascular amyloid were not seen.Periodic Acid-Schiff stain was negative for lipoid proteinosis,Congo red was positive for apple green birefringence on polarization and amyloid typing confirmed amyloid light chain amyloidosis.Repeat endoscopic biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract showed amyloid deposition from the esophagus to the rectum,in a pattern usually seen in serum amyloid A in the setting of chronic inflammatory diseases,including severe inflammatory bowel disease.Bone marrow biopsy showed kappa-restricted plasma cell neoplasm.CONCLUSION Described is an unusual presentation of primary systemic amyloidosis,highlighting the risk of misdiagnosis with subsequent significant organ dysfunction and high mortality.

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of E3024, a Novel and Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor, in Healthy Japanese Male Subjects: Rash Development in Men and Its Possible Mechanism

E3024 (3-but-2-ynyl-5-methyl-2-piperazin-1-yl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-one tosylate) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor that was expected to be an antidiabetic agent. Its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending single-dose study in 48 healthy Japanese male subjects. Fasted subjects were orally administered E3024 (5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg) or placebo. E3024 was rapidly absorbed, with tmax values ranging between 0.33 and 3 h after dosing. The mean t1/2 ranged from 5.34 to 11.68 h. AUC0-inf and Cmax increased dose-proportionately. PK-PD relationship of E3024 was evaluated by using an Imax model, indicating that plasma E3024 concentrations and inhibitory effects of plasma DPP-IV activity were well correlated. The IC50 value was calculated as 33.7 ng/mL, which was consistent with in vitro data. Thus, E3024 showed a good PK profile and inhibited DPP-IV dose-dependently. Of 30 subjects administered E3024, 12 (40%) experienced adverse events (AEs). Dose escalation to 160 mg was abandoned owing to undesired subjective/objective findings in 4 of 6 subjects receiving 40 mg and 5 of 6 subjects receiving 80 mg. The most prominent AE was rash, but there were no serious AEs or deaths. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 20 mg. We hypothesized that histamine was a cause of the rash induction, and examined blood histamine levels of normal Fischer rats treated with E3024. Blood histamine levels were increased significantly by E3024 at 500 mg/kg (p < 0.001), but not by vildagliptin or valine-pyrrolidide (DPP-IV inhibitors) at the same dose. No blood histamine increases were observed in genetically mast cell-deficient Ws/Ws rats treated with E3024 at 500 mg/kg. In in vitro assays, E3024 induced histamine release from normal rat peritoneal mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but not from basophils. The structure-activity relationship study suggested that a piperazine group N-linked to the 2-position of the 5,6-membered fused heterocyclic rings was a key structural element for triggering histamine release.

Diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis with concealed rash: a case report

Psoriatic arthritis is a kind of arthritis associated with psoriasis. The clinical manifestations of psoriatic arthritis with arthritis as the first symptom are often similar to ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus differential diagnosis should be made in clinical practice so as to improve the therapeutic effect. Psoriatic arthritis skin lesions are usually papules or plaques, with scales on the surface and punctate hemorrhage on the basement. About 10% of patients with psoriatic arthritis have skin rash after the onset of arthritis. In order to provide a reference for clinicians, our study the analyzed the clinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis in combination with a case of psoriatic arthritis with concealed skin rash and related literatures.

New Insights in the Skin Protective Activity of a Dexpanthenol Containing Formula (BEPANTHEN^®) in a Diaper Rash-Like Model

Background: Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN®), formulated as a water in oil preparation, is currently widely marketed as a diaper care product aiming to protect baby’s buttocks and repair diaper dermatitis. Dexpanthenol is a well-known moisturizer with barrier-improving properties and the oily phase of the water in oil preparation forms a lipophilic film on the skin surface that isolates the skin from irritants (feces and urine). Prolonged contact with irritants triggers a local inflammation cascade responsible for the cutaneous erythema. To further investigate the protective properties of skin barrier preparations, we took advantage of an ex vivo model of healthy human skin discs especially designed to evaluate protective and/or repairing effects of topical preparations recommended for baby’s buttocks through the measurement of interleukin-1 alpha release (a cytokine considered as the Primum movens of the skin inflammatory reaction), following the application of different irritants. Methods: Healthy human skin discs have been incubated in the absence (control) or in the presence of two irritants, i.e. a “urine like + urease” preparation and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in the presence of three ointments, one containing dexpanthenol, but not the other two. At the end of the incubation period, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) was quantified in the explants culture media. Results: “Urine like + urease” preparation (ULU) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) both increased IL-1α production of skin explants by 181.1% (p < 0.001) and 88.3% (p < 0.001), respectively. The dexpanthenol containing formula significantly inhibited the ULU- and the SDS-induced IL-1α release by 67.42% (p < 0.001) and 46.55% (p < 0.001), respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, one of the formulas without dexpanthenol significantly inhibited the ULU-induced IL-1α release by 45.94% (p < 0.01) but not the SDS-induced one, and the other tested formulation displayed no significant effect on the IL-1α production regardless of the irritant applied. Moreover, the effect of the dexpanthenol containing formula on the ULU-induced IL-1α release was significantly higher than the effect of the other formula;a difference of 19.6 % (p < 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN®) provides good protection of baby’s buttocks against irritants. Its protective effect seems to be superior compared with other products, which did not contain this ingredient. Moreover, the results obtained in the present study suggest that dexpanthenol displays per se a real IL-1α production inhibitory effect. This work, however, consists of preliminary studies and additional investigations involving more formulas and end-points such as the quantification of other pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or resolvins for example, are needed to better understand the cutaneous protective effect of dexpanthenol.

七例猴痘临床特征分析

对上海市浦东新区人民医院2023年7~12月收治的7例猴痘患者临床症状及实验室检查等资料进行分析。7例患者皮疹部位和咽拭子标本猴痘病毒核酸检测阳性。7例猴痘患者均为MSM人群,年龄26~41岁;发病前21天内均有男男性行为史;6例患者首发部位为阴阜或生殖器区域,1例患者首发部位为口周及肛周;6例出现发热;6例伴有其他性传播疾病;病例发现方式均为主动就诊。

银翘三黄膏联合中药塌渍对肺癌靶向药物所致药疹的干预作用

目的观察银翘三黄膏联合中药塌渍对肺癌靶向药物所致药疹的干预作用。方法选择2019年10月至2021年10月于该院治疗的92例肺癌靶向药物所致药疹患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组46例。对照组给予丁酸氢化可的松乳膏治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予银翘三黄膏联合中药塌渍治疗。比较两组治疗前后Th17细胞、Treg细胞、CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD3+T淋巴细胞比例及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、CC趋化因子受体1(CCR1)、趋化因子C-C-基元配体3(CCL3)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、CXC趋化因子配体10(CXCL10)、趋化因子受体3(CXCR3)水平。治疗前后对患者药疹进行分级,并采用皮肤病生活质量指数量表(DLQI)评价两组患者生活质量;比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗前,两组Th17细胞、Treg细胞、CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD3+T淋巴细胞比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,两组CD3+T淋巴细胞、Th17细胞、CD4+T淋巴细胞比例均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗1个月后两组Treg细胞比例均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β、CRP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,研究组IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ、CRP水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组CCL3、CCR1、CXCL10、CXCR3水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,两组CCR1水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗1个月后,两组CXCL10、CCL3、CXCR3水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组MMP-2、MMP-9水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,研究组MMP-2、MMP-9水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,研究组药疹分级明显改善(Z=3.315,P<0.001),研究组药疹分级优于对照组(Z=2.343,P=0.010)。治疗1个月后,研究组DLQI评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的总有效率(97.83%)高于对照组(84.78%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银翘三黄膏联合中药塌渍治疗肺癌靶向药物所致药疹,可调节患者免疫状态,减轻炎症,降低MMP-2、MMP-9水平,改善药疹分级,提高患者生活质量。

HIV阳性与HIV阴性猴痘患者临床特征分析

目的分析人HIV阳性与HIV阴性猴痘患者的临床和影像特征,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2023年6月1日至11月30日首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院收治住院的36例确诊猴痘患者的临床和影像资料,按照是否合并HIV感染分为HIV阳性组和HIV阴性组。观察比较两组人群临床和影像特征。结果36例猴痘患者均为男性且为男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM),平均年龄(31.5±6.4)岁;HIV阳性组28例,HIV阴性组8例。主要表现为皮疹、发热、淋巴结肿大。皮疹的首发部位(24例,66.7%)和最主要的分布部位(30例,83.3%)均为生殖器和肛门,以丘疹和脓疱疹为主。合并其他性传播性疾病14例(38.9%,14/36);合并细菌感染21例(58.3%,21/36),主要为皮肤软组织感染和肛周感染。影像检查结果异常者均为HIV阳性组患者。4例(11.1%,4/36)肺炎CT表现以磨玻璃影、实变、多发结节为主;2例并发肠梗阻,影像表现以胃肠道扩张为主,2例直肠炎表现为直肠壁增厚,肠腔狭窄。两组患者的流行病学资料、临床特征、皮疹分布及性质和实验室检查结果比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论36例猴痘患者以青壮年MSM人群为主,且多为HIV感染者;生殖器和肛周是皮疹首发和最多发部位,溃疡样皮疹仅见于HIV感染者;轻症患者预后良好,重症患者可合并细菌性感染、肠梗阻和直肠炎。并发肺炎者CT主要表现为实变和磨玻璃影,并可见两肺多发、随机分布的实性结节。

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶联合蒙脱石散对婴幼儿尿布疹的疗效观察与研究

目的探究重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rbFGF)凝胶联合蒙脱石散对婴幼儿尿布疹的临床效果。方法选取2019年12月至2020年6月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的72例婴幼儿尿布疹患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与实验组,每组36例。对照组给予rbFGF凝胶干预,实验组在对照组基础上联合蒙脱石散干预,比较两组干预效果、恢复情况、皮肤损伤程度、血清学指标及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组治疗总有效率为94.44%,高于对照组的72.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组皮肤发红、皮肤破裂面积及皮肤侵蚀程度评分均低于干预前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为5.56%,低于对照组的25.00%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组尿布疹消退时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平均低于干预前,干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平高于干预前,且实验组TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10水平低于对照组,IFN-γ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论rbFGF凝胶联合蒙脱石散应用于婴幼儿尿布疹的疗效显著,可减轻皮肤损伤程度,改善机体炎症反应,缩短尿布疹消退时间,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。

奥马珠单抗注射剂治疗哮喘致迟发型皮肤过敏反应1例分析

目的 提示临床奥马珠单抗注射剂联合治疗中重度过敏性哮喘使用过程中需加以关注可能引起的迟发型皮肤过敏反应。方法 分析1例奥马珠单抗注射剂联合治疗中重度过敏性哮喘过程中,发生迟发型过敏大面积皮疹,通过不良反应相关性分析鉴别该患者发生不良反应的可能药物和处理措施。结果 患者不良反应为迟发型大面积过敏皮疹,排除患者病情和合并用药情况,判断引起患者严重大面积皮疹的原因为注射使用奥马珠单抗。不良反应相关性评价为“肯定”,立即予以停药并对症处理后患者好转,未发生后遗症。结论 临床应加强监测奥马珠单抗注射剂引起的迟发型不良反应并及时采取措施,以免造成严重后果。

替雷利珠单抗致银屑病样皮疹1例

1例69岁男性肝细胞癌患者行经动脉化疗栓塞术后接受替雷利珠单抗200 mg免疫治疗,治疗20 d后患者腹部出现红斑、丘疹,部分皮疹有白色鳞屑,伴瘙痒,未进行处理,皮疹逐渐扩大至躯干及四肢,瘙痒加重并影响正常生活,皮肤活检提示表皮角化亢进,棘层略增厚,真皮浅层血管周围淋巴细胞浸润。给予甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠及对症治疗,15 d后原皮疹逐渐消退,无瘙痒,无新发皮疹。患者在约4个月后再次接受替雷利珠单抗200 mg免疫治疗,随访无不适。采用Naranjo's评估量表对不良反应与替雷利珠单抗的关联性进行评价,结果为“很可能有关”。替雷利珠单抗说明书中有相关皮肤不良反应的记载,临床应用时应予重视,注意早期鉴别诊断,避免导致严重后果。

药疹与人类白细胞抗原基因多态性的相关性

目的探讨枣庄市妇幼保健院癫痫患儿服用抗癫痫药物后所致皮疹与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因的相关性,促进临床合理用药。方法选取2019年5月至2023年1月枣庄市妇幼保健院收治的诊断为癫痫并服用芳香族抗癫痫药物的3800例患儿作为研究对象,根据患儿用药12周内是否出现皮肤型药物不良反应,将患儿分为皮疹组(21例)和耐受组(3779例未发生皮肤型药物不良反应的患儿中随机抽取100例)。采用靶向测序技术对患儿HLA基因进行全基因组测序。分析比较皮疹组、耐受组和一般人群间的HLA基因型结果。结果皮疹组和耐受组HLA-A*31∶01和HLA-C*04∶01基因阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(OR=6.75,95%CI=1.47~30.99,P<0.01;OR=5.44,95%CI=5.44~25.52,P<0.05)。结论HLA-A*31∶01和HLA-C*04∶01基因可能是芳香族抗癫痫药物诱发皮疹的风险等位基因。

Chikungunya encephalitis:A case report

Rationale:Transmitted to humans via the Aedes mosquito,Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)is associated with multi-system complications,sometimes collectively referred to as“atypical features.”However,a disorder of the nervous system appears to be the most common severe complication of CHIKV infection.Patient’s Concern:A seventy-five-year-old patient from India presented to the hospital with fever,chills,rigors,and multiple joint pains for which he was worked up.Diagnosis:CHIKV encephalitis.Interventions:The patient was treated initially on supportive therapy with antipyretics,intravenous fluids;however,during his hospital stay,the patient had altered sensorium during which he was managed in the intensive care unit;required mechanical ventilation.Outcomes:The patient sccumbed to his illness.Lessons:Treating clinicians should keep CHIKV disease in the differential diagnosis in cases of febrile exanthems associated with disabling arthritis,especially in a CHIKV-endemic country like India.

基于NRS2002 TEN和SJS患者的营养风险筛查

目的基于欧洲营养风险筛查工具(NRS2002)对中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)和Stevens-Johnson综合征(SJS)患者进行营养风险筛查,研究TEN和SJS患者营养风险的发生率,探讨此类患者发生营养风险的危险因素。方法回顾性调查2011年1月至2021年3月在本院住院的临床资料完整的TEN和SJS患者215例,按受累皮肤的体表面积(BSA)予以区分TEN、SJS、SJS/TEN重叠综合征。同时基于NRS2002进行营养风险筛查评分,探讨TEN和SJS患者存在营养风险的危险因素。结果TEN和SJS患者入院时营养风险的发生率为64.19%(138/215)。其中,年龄(χ^(2)=7.198,P<0.01)、SCORTEN(χ^(2)=18.843,P<0.01)、致敏药物(χ^(2)=13.169,P<0.01)、皮损面积(χ^(2)=119.245,P<0.01)、黏膜受累部位(χ^(2)=8.241,P<0.01)对于TEN和SJS患者发生营养风险有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,年龄(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.472~0.973)、10%≤BSA≤30%(OR=4.638,95%CI:1.062-13.903)、BSA>30%(OR=6.128,95%CI:1.674~12.068)、黏膜受累部位为口腔黏膜(OR=5.978,95%CI:1.728~16.368)、血液净化治疗(OR=6.008,95%CI:1.316~22.175)是造成TEN和SJS患者营养风险的独立危险因素。结论大约2/3的TEN和SJS患者入院时即存在营养风险。而年龄、10%≤BSA≤30%、BSA>30%、黏膜受累部位为口腔黏膜、血液净化治疗则是造成TEN和SJS患者营养风险的独立危险因素。