基于SIR模型的城市路网拥堵传播分析

研究城市道路交通拥堵传播规律对缓解交通拥堵问题有着积极作用,为此建立了基于SIR的城市道路交通拥堵传播模型,用以分析城市道路交通拥堵传播过程。首先,基于城市实际路网构建路网对偶拓扑网络,并依据SIR建立交通拥堵传播模型。其次,结合道路网络的复杂网络特征和道路自身的相关属性,引入随机森林算法计算相关权重,确定拥堵模型中的传播速率等关键参数。最后,以南京市秦淮区某区域路网为例,构建有69个节点,163条连线的城市路网对偶拓扑网络进行仿真实验。结果表明:道路节点度和道路饱和度是影响道路拥堵传播的关键因素,道路节点度的影响相对较小,传播范围增长在5%以内,恢复时间影响在10%左右;道路饱和度的影响相对较大,随着道路饱和度的增长,传播范围增长最大可至40%,恢复时间影响在20%左右。

Hemogram-derived ratios as prognostic markers for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)poses significant challenges in clinical management due to its diverse outcomes.Understanding the prognostic role of hematological parameters and derived ratios in NSTEMI patients could aid in risk stratification and improve patient care.AIM To evaluate the predictive value of hemogram-derived ratios for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in NSTEMI patients,potentially improving clinical outcomes.METHODS A prospective,observational cohort study was conducted in 2021 at the Internal Medicine Clinic of the University Hospital in Tuzla,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The study included 170 patients with NSTEMI,who were divided into a group with MACE and a control group without MACE.Furthermore,the MACE group was subdivided into lethal and non-lethal groups for prognostic analysis.Alongside hematological parameters,an additional 13 hematological-derived ratios(HDRs)were monitored,and their prognostic role was investigated.RESULTS Hematological parameters did not significantly differ between non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)patients with MACE and a control group at T1 and T2.However,significant disparities emerged in HDRs among NSTEMI patients with lethal and non-lethal outcomes post-MACE.Notably,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)were elevated in lethal outcomes.Furthermore,C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio(CRP/Ly)at T1(>4.737)demonstrated predictive value[odds ratio(OR):3.690,P=0.024].Both NLR at T1(>4.076)and T2(>4.667)emerged as significant predictors,with NLR at T2 exhibiting the highest diagnostic performance,as indicated by an area under the curve of 0.811(95%CI:0.727-0.859)and OR of 4.915(95%CI:1.917-12.602,P=0.001),emphasizing its important role as a prognostic marker.CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant prognostic value of hemogram-derived indexes in predicting MACE among NSTEMI patients.During follow-up,NLR,PLR,and CRP/Ly offer important insights into the inflammatory processes underlying cardiovascular events.

Diagnostic implications of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-tolymphocyte ratio,and systemic immune-inflammatory index for gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastric carcinoma(GC)is essential for improving clinical outcomes.However,the biomarkers currently used for GC screening are not ideal.AIM To explore the diagnostic implications of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)for GC.METHODS The baseline data of 133 patients with GC and 134 patients with precancerous gastric conditions admitted between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The information on peripheral blood platelet,neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts in each patient was collected,and the NLR,PLR,and SII levels of both groups were calculated.Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,and the diagnostic implications of NLR,PLR,and SII in differentiating patients with precancerous gastric conditions,compared with those with GC,were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The data indicated that NLR,PLR,and SII had abnormally increased levels in the patients with GC.Gender and body mass index were risk factors for the occurrence of GC.ROC data revealed that the areas under the curve of three patients with precancerous gastric conditions,who were differentiated from those with GC,were 0.824,0.787,and 0.842,respectively.CONCLUSION NLR,PLR,and SII are all abnormally expressed in GC and have diagnostic implications,especially when used as joint indicators,in distinguishing patients with precancerous gastric conditions from those with GC.

Trends of alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio in patients with hepatitis B linked to hepatocellular carcinoma development

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B often progresses silently toward hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Early detection of HCC is crucial,yet challenging.AIM To investigate the role of dynamic changes in alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio(APR)in hepatitis B progression to HCC.METHODS Data from 4843 patients with hepatitis B(January 2015 to January 2024)were analyzed.HCC incidence rates in males and females were compared using the log-rank test.Data were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.The Linear Mixed-Effects Model was applied to track the fluctuation of APR levels over time.Furthermore,Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Survival data was employed to investigate the temporal relationship between APR and HCC risk.RESULTS The incidence of HCC was higher in males.To ensure the model’s normality assumption,this study applied a logarithmic transformation to APR,yielding ratio.Ratio levels were higher in females(t=5.26,P<0.01).A 1-unit increase in ratio correlated with a 2.005-fold higher risk of HCC in males(95%CI:1.653-2.431)and a 2.273-fold higher risk in females(95%CI:1.620-3.190).CONCLUSION Males are more prone to HCC,while females have higher APR levels.Despite no baseline APR link,rising APR indicates a higher HCC risk.

Effect of Bi/Si Ratio of BiBSi Glass on Its Structure, Properties and Laser Sealing Shear Strength for Vacuum Glazing

The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was investigated.In addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were revealed.The results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal expansion.During laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting glass.The absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper ions.The greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser sealing.The shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.

Preoperative serum total bilirubin-albumin ratio as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatitis-related cirrhosis after splenectomy

BACKGROUND Splenectomy is an effective yet invasive intervention for alleviating portal pressure in patients with hepatitis cirrhosis.However,the current prognostic indicators for predicting long-term overall survival of these patients have several limitations.AIM To assess the potential of preoperative total bilirubin-albumin(B/A)ratio as a prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy.METHODS A total of 257 patients diagnosed with hepatitis cirrhosis were retrospectively enrolled in the study.Normality test,t-test,Wilcoxon test,χ2 test,or Fisher’s exact test was employed to analyze the intraoperative and postoperative conditions of the patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was utilized to depict the 10-year overall survival rate.RESULTS During the follow-up period,85.99%of the patients survived,with a median survival time of 64.6 months.Multivariate analysis revealed that total serum B/A ratio was an independent risk factor for overall survival(P=0.037).ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a B/A ratio of 0.87 was the optimal cut-off value.Consequently,the patients were categorized into two groups:High B/A group(n=64)and low B/A group(n=193).The median follow-up time for the high B/A group and low B/A group was 56.8 months and 67.2 months,respectively(P=0.045).Notably,the high B/A group exhibited a significantly lower 10-year overall survival compared to the low B/A group(P<0.001).Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)had lower overall survival rates.Patients with a high B/A ratio exhibited a lower overall survival than those with a low B/A rate in the overall cohort and the subgroups of patients with HCC or not,early Child-Pugh grade,low albumin-bilirubin grade,and model for end-stage liver disease score≥10(log-rank test,P<0.001 for all).CONCLUSION The B/A ratio can serve as an effective prognostic indicator for overall survival in patients with hepatitis B virusrelated cirrhosis following splenectomy,and a higher B/A ratio may suggest a poorer prognosis.

Prognostic value of preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients with gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is known for its poor prognosis and challenging management.The preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio(FAR)has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker for predicting postoperative outcomes in GBC patients,but its efficacy and prognostic value remain underexplored.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative FAR in GBC outcomes.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 66 patients who underwent curative surgery for GBC at our institution from January 2018 to January 2022.Preoperative FAR values were obtained within one week prior to surgery.Patients were followed through outpatient visits or telephone interviews,with overall survival(OS)as the primary endpoint.Statistical analyses,including receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates,were performed using SPSS software(version 27.0).RESULTS The cohort consisted of 36 male and 30 female patients,with a mean age of 61.81±8.58 years.The optimal FAR cut-off value was determined to be 0.088,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7899,sensitivity of 68.96%,and specificity of 80.01%.Patients with FAR≤0.088 showed significantly better survival rates(1-year:60.5%,2-year:52.6%,3-year:25.9%)and a median OS of 25.6 months(95%confidence interval:18.8-30.5 months),compared to those with FAR>0.088 who had a median OS of 10.8 months(95%confidence interval:6.3-12.9 months).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative FAR is associated with longer OS in GBC patients,confirming its potential as a valuable prognostic indicator for improving outcome predictions and guiding patient management strategies in gallbladder cancer.

基于SIR模型的无线网络安全威胁态势量化评估算法

为确保网络安全,及时掌控安全状况,以易感者、感染者和免疫者(SIR:Susceptible Infected Recovered)模型为基础,面向无线网络提出安全威胁态势量化评估算法。选取资产价值性,系统脆弱性与威胁性作为量化评估指标,分别根据信息资产的安全属性与主机劣势的Agent检测值,得到价值性量化值与脆弱性量化值。基于病毒的传播特性,改进SIR模型,分析病毒传播特征,获得威胁性量化值。结合3个指标量化值,建立无线网络安全威胁态势的量化评估算法,用所得态势值评估网络安全状况。测试结果表明,该方法评估出的主机与整个无线网络的安全威胁态势值均与期望值高度拟合,且评估时间更短。所提算法具备良好的评估准确性与实时性,能为网络安全状况分析提供有效的数据依据,及时给予管理员可靠的决策支持。

基于SIR模型重构医院保障设备监控预警系统

医院智能楼宇的建设离不开精细化的管理。后勤系统众多,对各系统运行状态进行实时监控,保障医疗秩序的安全稳定开展,需要楼宇自控系统合理分配监控点位。点位分布的过多,会造成成本增加;分布过少,起不到全面监控的效果。借助管理工具查找预警信息规律,找出系统运行风险的阈值和极值,实现点位重构,并对不同风险程度的点位采取不同的管理措施,从而达到降低成本、降低风险、优化运维的最终目标。

基于改进Ratio统计量的重尾AR(p)时间序列均值变点检验

文章提出两个改进的Ratio统计量来研究重尾AR(p)时间序列均值变点检验问题,在原假设下推导了统计量的渐近分布,且在备择假设下证明了其一致性。由于重尾指数未知且难以估计,因此结合Wild Bootstrap重抽样方法来确定渐近分布的临界值;在均值变点存在的情形下,给出了变点位置的一致估计量。数值模拟结果表明:统计量的临界值均不受重尾指数和自回归系数的影响,其经验水平和经验势均取得满意的效果;尤其在原假设下,积分型Ratio统计量的经验水平表现出更好的稳健性,而在备择假设下,最值型Ratio统计量则具备更好的显著性。最后,基于一组股票数据,从实际应用角度进一步阐明所提方法的有效性和可行性。

基于PCA-XGBoost算法的哑铃状SIR差分滤波器设计

随着多业务无线通信技术的发展,具有共模抑制能力的差分带通滤波器越来越受到人们的关注,但是设计差分微带滤波器的传统方法过程复杂且耗时较长。针对这些问题,结合非线性赋权的极限梯度提升(eXtreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost)算法,通过训练和学习滤波器结构参数和相应频率响应S参数的关系辅助进行滤波器的设计,设计了一款基于改进阶跃阻抗谐振器(Stepped Impedance Resonator,SIR)的哑铃状差分带通滤波器。该滤波器的中心频率为2.6 GHz,相对带宽为7.3%,通带内插入损耗优于0.95 dB,回波损耗优于20 dB,通带内共模抑制优于42 dB,并且具有较宽的阻带。实物测试结果与算法预测结果的一致性,验证了PCA-XGBoost算法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)用于滤波器辅助设计的可行性。

一类具有饱和恢复率的随机SIR传染病模型的持久性

在确定型模型的基础上,考虑随机因素,得到了一类具有饱和发生率的随机SIR模型。首先给出随机模型的正不变集,进而介绍持久性含义,利用Ito公式及强大数定律得到了疾病流行的充分性条件。结果表明,当白噪声强度满足一定的参数条件时,染病类群体不会消失,这对于控制疾病的蔓延是不利的。

GLOBAL STABILITY OF EXTENDED MULTI-GROUP SIR EPIDEMIC MODELS WITH PATCHES THROUGH MIGRATION AND CROSS PATCH INFECTION

In this article, we establish the global stability of an endemic equilibrium of multi-group SIR epidemic models, which have not only an exchange of individuals between patches through migration but also cross patch infection between different groups. As a result, we partially generalize the recent result in the article [16].

Photosynthetic efficiency, cell volume, and elemental stoichiometric ratios in Thalassirosira weissflogii under phosphorus limitation

Nutrient limitation is known to inhibit growth and metabolism and to alter elemental stoichiometric ratios in phytoplankton. In this study, physiological changes in Thalassirosira weissflogii were measured under different dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) regimes in semi-continuous cultures to revisit the utility of the Redfield ratio for assessing nutrient limitation. The results showed that cell size increased with decreasing DIP availability. In the P-depleted treatment (f/2-P) the cell size was 1.48 times larger than that in the P-limited (f/100) treatment and 2.67 times larger than that in the P-saturated treatment (f/2 and f/10). The fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a ratio (Fuco/chl a) was relatively stable (about 0.3) in P-saturated cultures and was 10 times higher than that in P-limited and P-depleted cultures. During the experimental period, the photosynthetic efficiency index, ?F/Fm′, was relatively stable at ~0.50 in the P-saturated cultures, but quickly declined with decreasing DIP availability. Although cellular P content showed a significant difference between the P-saturated culture (1.6 pg/cell) and the P-limited culture (0.7 pg/cell), the N/P ratio in T. weissflogii did not show a trend with DIP availability and fluctuated slightly around 25. Our results suggest that cell division in T. weissflogii is not strictly size-gated but is probably regulated by a biochemical, and hence, an elemental stoichiometric ratio threshold, and that deviation of the cellular N/P ratio from the Redfield ratio is not a reliable indicator of algal nutrient stress.

10 kV电缆中间接头受潮XLPE-SiR绝缘界面放电演化分析

10 kV电缆中间接头交联聚乙烯硅橡胶(XLPE-SiR)绝缘界面在受潮条件下的放电行为严重影响配电网的可靠性,鉴于对绝缘界面放电行为的发展和特征研究较少,分析在受潮条件下10 kV电缆中间接头XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的放电行为,从仿真和试验2个方面验证XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的击穿过程。结果表明:在水分的作用下,XLPE-SiR绝缘界面会出现局部放电,并逐步演变为电弧放电。放电会产生2个影响:一方面引起绝缘材料的热解,形成电痕;另一方面,放电产生的热量导致水蒸发,有效地阻止了绝缘界面处放电的继续。随后,在存在电痕的情况下,进一步研究XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的放电行为。结果表明,当XLPE-SiR绝缘界面存在电痕时,水分的存在会迅速导致绝缘界面击穿。10 kV电缆中间接头绝缘界面受潮直接决定了其绝缘界面放电—短路故障的发展过程,因此在实际电缆中间接头的生产及施工工艺中需要加强防水管控。

Red cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio is a simple promising prognostic marker in acute cholangitis requiring biliary drainage

Background: It is crucial to assess the severity of acute cholangitis(AC). There are currently several prognostic markers. However, the accuracies of these markers are not satisfied. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the red cell distribution width(RDW)-to-albumin ratio(RAR) for the prognosis of AC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients diagnosed with AC between May 2019 and March 2022. RAR was calculated, and its predictive ability for in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) admission, bacteremia, and the length of hospitalization were analyzed. Results: Out of 438 patients, 34(7.8%) died. Multivariate analysis showed that malignant etiology [odds ratio(OR) = 4.816, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.936-11.980], creatinine(OR = 1.649, 95% CI: 1.095-2.484), and RAR(OR = 2.064, 95% CI: 1.494-2.851) were independent risk factors for mortality. When adjusted for relevant covariates, including age, sex, malignant etiology, Tokyo severity grading(TSG), Charlson comorbidity index, and creatinine, RAR significantly predicted mortality(adjusted OR = 1.833, 95% CI: 1.280-2.624). When the cut-off of RAR was set to 3.8, its sensitivity and specificity for mortality were 94.1% and 56.7%, respectively. Patients with an RAR of > 3.8 had a 20.9-fold(OR = 20.9, 95% CI: 4.9-88.6) greater risk of mortality than the remaining patients. The area under the curve value of RAR for mortality was 0.835(95% CI: 0.770-0.901), which was significantly higher than that of TSG and the other prognostic markers, such as C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio, and procalcitonin-to-albumin ratio. Lastly, RAR was not inferior to TSG in predicting ICU admission, bacteremia, and the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: RAR successfully predicted the in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, bacteremia, and the length of hospitalization of patients with AC, especially in-hospital mortality. RAR is a promising marker that is more convenient than TSG and other prognostic markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with AC.

Preparation of Thermoplastic Elastomer from Polypropylene-SIR 10 Rubber Blends with Addition of Dicumil Peroxide as Initiator and Divinylbenzene as a Crosslinker

Preparation of thermoplastic elastomer of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber blends with addition of DCP （dicumil peroxide） as initiator and DVB （divinylbenzene） as a crosslinker has been done. Blends of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber with variation of weight 60/40 （w/w）, 50/50 （w/w） and 40/60 （w/w） with variation concentration of DCP and DVB 1 phr, 2 phr and 3 phr were mixed into internal mixer at temperature 180 ℃. Then, the blends were pressed at 185 ℃ and specimen were molded according to the ASTM D638. The characterization were carried out based on tensile strength testing, crosslink percentage, morphology surface analysis with SEM and fungtional group analysis with FTIR （Fourier Transform Infra Red）. The result showed that the blends of Polypropilene-SIR 10 rubber 60/40 （w/w） with 2 phr DCP and 1 phr DVB posses a higher tensile strength with value 1.37 Kgf/mm2 and value of elongation at break 17.58%, and value of percentage crosslink 82.4%. The result of morphology test with SEM showed that the blend was well homogenous. Spectra analysis with FT-IR has shown physical interaction among components of the blends.

Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts symptomatic anastomotic leakage in elderly colon cancer patients: Multicenter propensity score-matched analysis

BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),a composite inflammatory biomarker,is associated with the prognosis in patients with colorectal tumors.However,whether the NLR can be used as a predictor of symptomatic postoperative ana-stomotic leakage(AL)in elderly patients with colon cancer is unclear.AIM To assess the role of the NLR in predicting the occurrence of symptomatic AL after surgery in elderly patients with colon cancer.METHODS Data from elderly colon cancer patients who underwent elective radical colectomy with anastomosis at three centers between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the best predictive cutoff value for the NLR.Twenty-two covariates were matched using a 1:1 propensity score matching method,and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for the development of postoperative AL.RESULTS Of the 577 patients included,36(6.2%)had symptomatic AL.The optimal cutoff value of the NLR for predicting AL was 2.66.After propensity score matching,the incidence of AL was significantly greater in the≥2.66 NLR subgroup than in the<2.66 NLR subgroup(11.5%vs 2.5%;P=0.012).Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between blood transfusion intraoperatively and within 2 d postoper-atively,preoperative albumin concentration,preoperative prognostic nutritional index,and preoperative NLR and AL occurrence(P<0.05);multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an NLR≥2.66[odds ratio(OR)=5.51;95%confidence interval(CI):1.50-20.26;P=0.010]and blood transfusion intraoperatively and within 2 d postoperatively(OR=2.52;95%CI:0.88-7.25;P=0.049)were risk factors for the occurrence of symptomatic AL.CONCLUSION A preoperative NLR≥2.66 and blood transfusion intraoperatively and within 2 d postoperatively are associated with a higher incidence of postoperative symptomatic AL in elderly patients with colon cancer.The preoperative NLR has predictive value for postoperative symptomatic AL after elective surgery in elderly patients with colon cancer.

Yields,growth and water use under chemical topping in relations to row configuration and plant density in drip-irrigated cotton

Background Water deficit is an important problem in agricultural production in arid regions.With the advent of wholly mechanized technology for cotton planting in Xinjiang,it is important to determine which planting mode could achieve high yield,fiber quality and water use efficiency(WUE).This study aimed to explore if chemical topping affected cotton yield,quality and water use in relation to row configuration and plant densities.Results Experiments were carried out in Xinjiang China,in 2020 and 2021 with two topping method,manual topping and chemical topping,two plant densities,low and high,and two row configurations,i.e.,76 cm equal rows and 10+66 cm narrow-wide rows,which were commonly applied in matching harvest machine.Chemical topping increased seed cotton yield,but did not affect cotton fiber quality comparing to traditional manual topping.Under equal row spacing,the WUE in higher density was 62.4%higher than in the lower one.However,under narrow-wide row spacing,the WUE in lower density was 53.3%higher than in higher one(farmers’practice).For machine-harvest cotton in Xinjiang,the optimal row configuration and plant density for chemical topping was narrow-wide rows with 15 plants m-2 or equal rows with 18 plants m-2.Conclusion The plant density recommended in narrow-wide rows was less than farmers’practice and the density in equal rows was moderate with local practice.Our results provide new knowledge on optimizing agronomic managements of machine-harvested cotton for both high yield and water efficient.

Combining lymph node ratio to develop prognostic models for postoperative gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm patients

BACKGROUND Lymph node ratio(LNR)was demonstrated to play a crucial role in the prognosis of many tumors.However,research concerning the prognostic value of LNR in postoperative gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm(NEN)patients was limited.AIM To explore the prognostic value of LNR in postoperative gastric NEN patients and to combine LNR to develop prognostic models.METHODS A total of 286 patients from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database were divided into the training set and validation set at a ratio of 8:2.92 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in China were designated as a test set.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between LNR and disease-specific survival(DSS)of gastric NEN patients.Random survival forest(RSF)algorithm and Cox proportional hazards(CoxPH)analysis were applied to develop models to predict DSS respectively,and compared with the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)tumornode-metastasis(TNM)staging.RESULTS Multivariate analyses indicated that LNR was an independent prognostic factor for postoperative gastric NEN patients and a higher LNR was accompanied by a higher risk of death.The RSF model exhibited the best performance in predicting DSS,with the C-index in the test set being 0.769[95%confidence interval(CI):0.691-0.846]outperforming the CoxPH model(0.744,95%CI:0.665-0.822)and the 8th edition AJCC TNM staging(0.723,95%CI:0.613-0.833).The calibration curves and decision curve analysis(DCA)demonstrated the RSF model had good calibration and clinical benefits.Furthermore,the RSF model could perform risk stratification and individual prognosis prediction effectively.CONCLUSION A higher LNR indicated a lower DSS in postoperative gastric NEN patients.The RSF model outperformed the CoxPH model and the 8th edition AJCC TNM staging in the test set,showing potential in clinical practice.