Analysis of groundwater recoverable resource by numerical method in Linfen Basin of Shanxi,North China

Calculation of the groundwater recoverable resource is the main part of groundwater resource evaluation. The three-dimensional groundwater flow model in Linfen Basin was established by GMS software. Then the numerical model was calibrated by observed groundwater level from February to December in 2 000. Based on the calibrated model, the groundwater recoverable resource is calculated. The simulation result shows that under the given value of the groundwater recoverable resource, the groundwater level would decrease significantly in the first 1 000 days, while the water level would drop slowly in 1 000 to 2 000 days, and the water level change tend to be stable after 2000 days.

New Model of Predicting Remaining Recoverable Reserves and Application in the Oilfield

As a significant inducement during the development of oil and gas,the role of remaining recoverable reserves is more observable especially in the later phase of development of oilfield.Depended on the production decline method in petroleum reservoir engineering,a new model of predicting recoverable and remaining recoverable reserves has been

Four Decades' Development of China's Recoverable Satellites

This paper reviews the recoverable satellites China has developed over the past forty years.The main missions,technical specifications,scientific and technical experiments of these satellites,including the SJ-10 scientific experiment satellite launched on April 6,2016 are introduced.Recommendations for future technical upgrades for recoverable satellites are also proposed in the paper.

EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECOVERABLE STRAIN ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE FOR TiNi AND TiNiCu ALLOYS

Based on experimental study of the time dependence of the recoverable shape memory effect (SME)of shape memory alloys Ti50Ni50,Ti50Ni48Cu2 and Ti50Ni45Cu5 an empirical re- lationship between recoverable strain energy,U_r,and temperature,T.was derived as: U_r=U_o[1-exp(-mT_R^n)] where m—characteristic constant related to material,and n-shape-temperature sensitivity. The Johnson-Mehl-Aerami's phenomenological description of the time dependence of phase transformation was adopted to obtain a semiquantitative relationship associated with recoverable SME.between thermoelastic martensite transformation and temperature.This semiquantitative relationship is correspondent with the empirical expression.

Large and Recoverable Electrostrain in Strained Ferroelectric Superlattices due to Domain Switching

The ferroelectric superlattices have been widely studied due to their distinguished electromechanical coupling properties.Under different biaxial mismatch strains,ferroelectric superlattices exhibit different domain structures and electromechanical coupling properties.A three-dimensional phase field model is employed to investigate the detailed domain evolution and electromechanical properties of the PbTiO_(3)/SrTiO_(3)(PTO/STO)superlattices with different biaxial mismatch strains.The phase field simulations show that the ferroelectric superlattice exhibits large electrostrain in the stacking direction when an external field is applied.Under a large compressive mismatch strain,vortex domains appear in ferroelectric layers with the thickness of 4 nm.The vortex domains become stable cdomain under a large external electric field,which remains when the electric field is removed.When the initial compressive mismatch strain decreases gradually,the waved or a1/a2 domains replaces the initial vortex domains in the absence of electric field.The fully polarized c-domain by a large electric field switches to diagonal direction domain or a/c domain when the electric field is small.Furthermore,when a biaxial tensile strain is applied to the superlattice,ferroelectric domains switch back to the initial a1/a2 twin-like domain structure,resulting in the recoverable and large electrostrain.This provides an effective way to obtain the large and recoverable electrostrain for the engineering application.

SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite for Space Microgravity Experiments

SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science.This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012,and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016.This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission,the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10.The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity,and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.

A new free recoverable and reusable mono-alkaloid-type ligand and its use in preparation of ethyl(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropionate

A new free recoverable and reusable mono-alkaloid-type ligand has been synthesized by a simple method. With highly polar groups, the ligand can be recycled and reused eight times to prepare ethyl （2R,3S）-2,3-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropionate with high yield and ee via asymmetric dihydroxylation （AD） reaction. C 2009 Sheng Yong Zhang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Concept of Integrated Waste Management as Recoverable Resources in Product Cycle

This paper presents a conceptual framework of integrated waste management which focuses on all stages of product life cycle. A mechanism of resource recovery motivating from waste in economic system （designers, producers, consumers, stakeholders in the field of disposal of the product） is suggested. The classification of institutional and economic instruments in the field of waste management as recoverable resources is developed. The author has proposed a scientific and methodical approach to the formation of an integrated waste management as recoverable resources, which is based on a set of methods of economic incentives at all stages of product life cycle and ensures the maximum possible and the environmentally safe management of wastes containing valuable resource components.

New Recoverable Satellite Made by China

ＮｅｗＲｅｃｏｖｅｒａｂｌｅＳａｔｅｌｉｔｅＭａｄｅｂｙＣｈｉｎａＭｒ．ＬｉｎＨｕａｂａｏ，ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＳａｔｅｌｉｔｅＴａｂｌｅ１ＭａｉｎＦｌｉｇｈｔＰａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓＲｅｃｏｖｅｒａｂｌｅＳａｔｅｌ...

Factor-Cluster Analysis and Effect of Particle Size on Total Recoverable Metal Concentration in Sediments of the Lower Tennessee River Basin

Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The results show that sediment texture plays a controlling role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the grain sizes of the sediments. Result of texture analysis classified the samples into three main components in percentages: sand, silt, and clay. Significant differences among the element concentrations in the three groups were observed, and the concentrations of the elements in each group are reported in this study. Most of the elements have their highest concentrations in the fine-grained samples with clay playing an important role, in comparison with the sand component of the soil/sediment samples. There appears to be a strong correlation between samples with high silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and Mn. There was a strong correlation between aluminum and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with manganese, aluminum, and lead. However, there was no strong relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elements measured were statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of element concentrations in the sediments were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the grain size and was thought to be related to the watersheds hydrological dynamics.

Establishing and Evaluation of the Microgravity Level in the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

In order to fulfil the microgravity requirements for space experiments, improved technology for the microgravity environment is proposed, including that for raising the orbital altitude, optimizing the layout of the disturbance source, using IN-thrusters instead of 5 N-thrusters, etc. In addition, evaluation of the microgravity environment of the recoverable satellite was also conducted using on-orbit micro-vibration measurement, on-orbit experiment and data analysis technologies. The microgravity level of the SJ-l0 recoverable satellite in China is compared with the spacecraft used for carrying out space science experiments internationally. This paper describes the microgravity environment of the SJ- 10 recoverable satellite, and its importance for analysing space experimental results.

Study on full-length recoverable resin-metal bolts

The paper introduces a kind of full length recoverable resin metal bolts, expounds its structural principle and stress features, and gives some instances in laboratory tests and underground tests. The results show that full length recoverable resin metal bolts can be used for supporting the walls of class Ⅰ～Ⅲ mining gateways, that the anchoring force is 50 kN or so, and that the recoverability rate is more than 80%, thus the supporting effect is better than that of split set bolts.

China Launched 14 Recoverable Satellites

On August 25,1992,China suc-cessfully returned its 13th recover-able satellite from orbit after 16days’operation.The satellite is thefirst one of the second generation ofthe Chinese recoverable satellites.Itemployed initially the newly devel-oped LEO control technology.Compared with former recoverablesatellites,its capability was im-proved a lot by using many newtechnologies on satellite structure,on-board detection equipment andsatellite control,etc..

Stage separation of recoverable liquid launch vehicle by using moving pulsating ball analogue for propellant sloshing

In the process of stage separation of recoverable liquid launch vehicles,because of the large amount of residual fuel in the storage tanks,the influence of liquid sloshing on separation safety must be considered.Considering calculation simplicity and operation practicability,the Moving Pulsating Ball Model(MPBM)of large amplitude liquid sloshing is introduced into the calculation of launch vehicle stage separation.Combining the dynamic equation of the model with the energy relationship during"breathing movement",the formula calculating the force of liquid on the rigid body is derived.Compared with the calculations of commercial CFD calculation software,the accuracy of MPBM model is verified.Then,all the external forces and moments are applied to the rigid body of the stages,so that the translational and rotational dynamic equations of the stages are obtained respectively.According to the relative position of the two stages,the geometric shape of the interstage section and the engine of the second stage,the minimum clearance in the separation process can be decided to guarantee that the separation process is safe.

Molecular movements of trehalose inside a single network enabling a rapidly-recoverable tough hydrogel

It remains a challenge to achieve rapidly recoverable hydrogels by molecular hydrogen-bonding interaction because of its slow inter-action kinetics.This work for the first time reports a trehalose(Tre)-based molecular movement mechanism inside a single network of polyacrylamide(PAM)that accelerates the kinetics of hydrogenbonding interaction,and thereby endows the hydrogel with high toughness and rapid shape and mechanical recoverability.The resultant PAM@Tre hydrogel is capable of full shape recovery after 10,000 loading/unloading cycles at a strain of 500%.Even after being stretched at a strain of 2500%,it can recover to its original shape within 10 seconds.Moreover,the molecular movement of trehalose also endows the PAM@Tre hydrogel with fracture energy and toughness as high as~9000 J m^(-2) and~1600 kJ m^(-3),respec-tively,leading to strong resistance to both static and dynamic piercing.The PAM@Tre hydrogel is thus believed to have enormous potentials in protection devices,bionic skin,soft actuator,and stretchable electronics.

Scaling behavior of different shapes of hysteresis loops and recoverable energy storage density in Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3), K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3), and Na_(0.25)K_(0.25)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3) ferroelectrics

In this work,the dependency of the polarization(P)-electric field(E)loop area A of lead free ferro-electrics Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)(NBT), K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)(KBT),and Na_(0.25)K_(0.25)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)(NKBT)on the amplitude(E0)of the electric field is studied.Based on the nature of the hysteresis loop with increasing E0,the lnA versus lnE0 graph is divided into three stages and the scaling exponents of each stage are estimated.In the third stage,NBT,KBT,and NKBT show different shapes of P-E loops(square,slanted and pinched,respectively).Although,almost similar slopes in the third stage are obtained from the lnA versus lnE0 graphs of KBT and NKBT,the formation of pinched P-E loop of NKBT is discussed based on the current-time curve under a complete cycle of the applied electric field.The shape of the P-E loop also affects the recoverable energy storage density(Wrec)of the material.Similar to the scaling of A,the variation of lnWrec with lnE0 of NBT,KBT and NKBT are examined.Interestingly,three stages are only noticed in the lnWrec-lnE0 curve of pinched P-E loop(NKBT),whereas lnWrec linearly increases with lnE0 for square and slanted P-E loop.Such type of behavior of Wrec of NKBT is explained based on the reversible domain switching mechanism of the pinched P-E loop.

One-step synthesis of recoverable CuCo2S4 anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries

A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been adopted to directly synthesize the CuCo2S4 material on the surface of Ni foam.Due to the relatively large specific surface area and wide pore size distribution,the CuCo2S4 material not only effectively increases the reactive area,but also accommodates more side reaction products to avoid the difficulty of mass transfer.When evaluated as anode for Li-ion batteries,the CuCo2S4 material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance including high discharge capacity,outstanding cyclic stability and good rate performance.At the current density of 200 mA·g^-1,the CuCo2S4 material shows an extremely high initial discharge capacity of 2510 mAh·g^-1,and the cycle numbers of the material even reach 83 times when the discharge capacity is reduced to 500 mAh·g^-1.Furthermore,the discharge capacity can reach 269 mAh·g^-1 at a current of 2000 mA·g^-1.More importantly,when the current density comes back to 200 mA·g^-1,the discharge capacity could be recovered to 1436 mAh·g^-1,suggesting an excellent capacity recovery characteristics.

金融衍生工具风险管理的若干问题

金融衍生工具风险管理的若干问题□江曙霞金融衍生工具风险监管的国际合作早办８０年代就已经开始。１９８８年７月，国际银行业的重要的监管常设机构＂巴塞尔委员会＂颁布的《巴塞尔报告》即对利率合约和汇率合约的资本标准作出明确规定；１９９４年７月，＂巴塞尔委员会...

Distribution and resource evaluation of natural gas hydrate in South China sea by combing phase equilibrium mechanism and volumetric method

China Geological Survey conducted the second trial production of natural gas hydrate(NGH)in the Shenhu Area in South China Sea(SCS)from 2019 to 2020.Compared with the first trial production in 2017,the second trial showed significantly increased daily gas production and total gas production,and removed some technical obstacles for large-scale NGH resource developments in the SCS.However,current NGH resource evaluation in the SCS is still at the stage of prospective gas content assessment,which is unable to guide further NGH exploration and development.This study utilized the hydrate phase balance to delineate the NGH distribution range and effective thickness and volumetric method to evaluate NGH resource.Based on the latest exploration and production data from the Shenhu Area,Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the NGH resource amount with different probabilities.By assuming a 50%cumulative probability,the in-situ NGH resources in the SCS was estimated to be11.7×10^(12)m^(3) and the recoverable NGH resources was 2.8×10^(12)m^(3).These results will provide a more reliable resource basis for China to formulate comprehensive development strategies for oil and gas exploration in the SCS.