China’s Successful Reform and Opening-up Policy and Its Political Implications for Africa

Over the past four decades,the Chinese people have always pursued development with an open door,and have accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-round openness.China,s economic progress,understood in a global historical context,is unique.Facing the rise of foreign companies in China,Beijing balances market competition due to the diversification of economic actors and local protection of SOEs and strategically important industries.The CPC has developed powerful,effective top-down mobilization capacities.The quality of the ruling party is also vital to developing countries,and most developing countries usually still lack well-developed governments,markets and civil societies.Reforms are necessary for growth and for the ruling party as well.While African developing countries face the challenge of finding a suitable development path,they could find the answer after getting a better understanding of Chinese reform and opening up.

Experiences and Achievements in the Development of Human Rights in China in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up--A Summary of Viewpoints on the Seminar on Reform and Opening-up and the Progress of the Development of Human Rights in China

Jointly held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the publicity department of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and organized by Institute for Human Rights and Law School of Wuhan University, A seminar on Reform and Opening-up and the Progress of the Development of Human Rights in China was held on July 18,2018 in Wuhan. Over 100 distinguished scholars participated and discussed topics including "The path for human rights development", "Reform and Opening-up and the theoretical innovation of human rights in China", "Reform and Opening-up and the achievements of human rights in China",and "Reform and Opening-up and the development of global human rights cause". The seminar summarized China’s human rights achievements over the course of 40 years of Reform and Opening-up on multiple levels and from multiple perspectives and deepened practical and theoretical understandings about the development and progress of human rights in China.

The Change and Constancy of “Equality Issue” in Human Rights Theory Research During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

In 1978, academia broke through the theoretical forbidden zone with the slogan of "equality before the law" and initiated a great discussion on some important legal issues including legal equality. During the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relevant research has changed from the ideological contention deeply influenced by class discourse to the abstract theoretical research where class discourse has been fading away, and then turn to the technical and concrete practical research. This "change" is clearly visible and, to a certain extent, reveals the track of the development of human rights theory. However, there is "constancy" in "change". "Constancy" not only lies in the study of legislative equality throughout the past 40 years, but also embodies the inherent logic of theoretical research in response to social development and changes in the times.

On China's Reform and Opening-up and the Evolution of the Views of Human Rights

The dominant human rights views in a country or region is closely related to the economic and social development of that country or region and is closely related to human rights practices. Since the launch of reform and opening-up, the development of China’s conception of human rights has gone through many stages. The changes of contemporary Chinese human rights conceptions have gone through the stages from the views of human rights to the theories of human rights, to the norms and practices of human rights, and human rights conceptions developed from avoidance to controversy, from passiveness to initiative, and from learning to construction, which reflects the continuous development of China’s human rights cause. By analyzing the journal records through a search of the human rights and its related keywords, it is possible to chart the evolution and historical context of contemporary Chinese human rights theory.

Reform and Opening-up and China's Participation in International Human Rights Cooperation Process

The process of China’s participation in international human rights cooperation is closely related to the process of reform and opening-up launched at the end of the 1970s, while participation in international human rights cooperation is based on the process of reform and opening-up. It is the fruit of the reform and opening-up policy and the emancipation of the mind for China to decide to participate in international human rights cooperation. Since then, along with the process, the process of China participating in international cooperation can be divided into four periods. The first established the multi-ministries cooperative group to do research on international human rights activities in 1980. The second, was the first white paper on human rights published by the government in 1991. The third was the incorporation of human rights in the Constitution in 2004, and the fourth been putting forward the idea "a community with shared future for human beings" in 2013. All of these are landmark events for China to participate in international human rights cooperation against the general background of the reform and opening-up policy.

Exhibition on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening-up Held

In commemoration of the 30 years of reform and opening-up, under the authorization of the State Council, the "Review Exhibition on

Accurate Evaluation of China's Human Rights Legislation During the Historical Periods Before and After Reform and Opening-up

Recently, when evaluating the achievements China has made during the his- torical periods before and after reform and opening-up, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂The socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of our Party is divided into two historical periods--before and after reform and opening-up. The two periods are in- terconnected, but also different from each other. However, they both essen- tially reflect the practical explorations of socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of the Party. Socialism with Chinese characteristics began to take shape in the new era of reform and opening- up, but it is also grounded in New China＇s 20-plus years of experience in building and carrying out the basic system of socialism... Although the two historical periods have huge dif- ferences in the guidelines, policies,

Reform of Rural Planting Structure in China since the Reform and Opening-up and Its Main Problems

Based on the oral interview of six different types of rural families in Houdian Village,Longkou City,Shandong Province,combined with the adjustment of rural reform policies,this paper analyzed reasons for the reform of rural planting structure in China since the reform and opening-up and elaborated the general outline of the reform of the planting structure.From the changes in farmers' attitudes,it explored the achievements and shortcomings of rural reform in the past 40 years.It discussed problems such as shortage of labor resources and vacancy of family education of teenagers in the current sustainable development of rural areas.Finally,it came up with some recommendations for the development of rural areas.

China’s New Moves on Reform and Opening-up Promise the World New Opportunities

LAST year, China celebrated the 40th anniversary of its reform and opening-up, which led the country on an unprecedented road to success. Thanks to that policy, China has developed in four decades from,in many respects, a backward thirdworld country, into one of the world’s leading economies.

Carry Forward Reform and Opening-up, Promote Peace and Development

THE 2018 Boao Forum for Asia(BFA)Annual Conference was a major diplomatic event hosted by China,with this year’s theme,"An Open and Innovative Asia for a World of Greater Prosperity."With this year marking the 40th anniversary of the country’s reform and opening-up,visions of openness and development set the tone of this high-profile conference.The key topics of the forum-the Belt and Road Initiative and building a community of a shared future for mankind-undoubtedly boosted the confidence

Pilot Free Trade Zones:Taking Reform and Opening-up to New Heights

CONSTRUCTION of Pilot Free Trade Zones(PFTZs)is a strategic measure of China’s reform and opening-up policy.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),it has taken the policy’s effectiveness to new heights.

China Marks 40^th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up

On December 18,China held a grand gathering to celebrate the 40^th anniversary of the country's Reform and Opening-up,a great revolution that has changed the destiny of the Chinese nation and also influenced the world.

Achievements in the Reform Of the Cultural Field over the 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

With the deepening of Reform and Opening-up,the reform and development in cultural field has gone through an extraordinary journey and achieved remarkable achievements.

Evolution of the “Zhejiang Spirit” During the Forty Years of Reform and Opening-up

The "Zhejiang spirit" refers to a theoretical summary of the group consciousness, mental state, value orientation and ideological realm, which is, as a motivating power, owned and recognized by all Zhejiang people, and carries Zhejiang peculiarities. President Xi Jinping, during his term of office in Zhejiang, launched a number of seminars and activities to seek "a Zhejiang spirit that moves with the times." Forty years of reform and opening-up, the "Zhejiang spirit" has experienced an evolution that can be summarized as three improvements: from spontaneous formation to deliberate cultivation, from something limited to eastern Zhejiang to an integrating force that spans the entire Zhejiang Province, and from a mere existence to a role that functions adequately. The "Zhejiang spirit" is extracted from the humanistic spirits shaped in all corners of Zhejiang province. It is "an instrumental ensemble played across the entire province," and represents a certain judgment and interpretation. The "Zhejiang spirit" not only describes and summarizes the past and present, but will also guide and motivate the future, and support people in their enterprising and industrious practices to move with the times.

SONG HONG:NEW MEASURES FOR DEEPENING REFORM AND OPENING-UP

The annual Central Economic Work Conference concluded with a statement that ensuring sound economic work is especially important for 2019,which marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.It is also crucial for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.One key task is to advance all-round opening-up.

ZHENG BIJIAN:UNDERSTANDING CHINA AT A NEW STARTING POINT OF REFORM AND OPENING-UP

"Over the last 40 years,we have consistently adhered to an independent foreign policy of peace,followed the path of peaceful development and pursued a win-win strategy of opening-up,"declared Chinese President Xi Jinping,also general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,at a major event on December 18,2018,organized to commemorate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up.

Celebrating 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders attended a grand gathering to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on December 18,2018.The celebration started with everyone rising to sing the national anthem.

Asian and African Officials’ Views on China’s 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

China＇s reform and opening-up policy, which started in 1978, has become more effective. The success of reform and opening-up has transformed China from a low-income country to one of the world＇s largest econo- mies today. In my view, the success of China＇s develop- ment lies in the country greatly reducing the number of people living in poverty. According to the World Bank, hundreds of millions of Chinese people have been lifted out of extreme poverty.

Far-Reaching Freedom and Increasing Prosperity——40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

SPEAKING about today＇s China, we are looking at an up-and-coming, dynamic and rapidly developing country whose econom- ic power has become a global benchmark. Some Chinese cutting-edge technologies are gradu- ally occupying the world market, Chinese consumer goods have become an integral part of the world＇s shopping centers, and Chinese travelers also domi- nate the tourism sector.