On-chip global buses in deep sub-micron designs consume significant amounts of energy and have large propagation delays. Thus, minimizing energy dissipation and propagation delay is an important design objective. In t...On-chip global buses in deep sub-micron designs consume significant amounts of energy and have large propagation delays. Thus, minimizing energy dissipation and propagation delay is an important design objective. In this paper, we propose a new spatial and temporal encoding approach for generic on-chip global buses with repeaters that enables higher performance while reducing peak energy and average energy. The proposed encoding approach exploits the benefits of a temporal encoding circuit and spatial bus-invert coding techniques to simultaneously eliminate opposite transitions on adjacent wires and reduce the number of self-transitions and coupling-transitions. In the design process of applying encoding techniques for reduced bus delay and energy, we present a repeater insertion design methodology to determine the repeater size and inter-repeater bus length, which minimizes the total bus energy dissipation while satisfying target delay and slew-rate constraints. This methodology is employed to obtain optimal energy versus delay trade-offs under slew-rate constraints for various encoding techniques.展开更多
The interrupted sampling repeater jamming(ISRJ) is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation(LFM) radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure...The interrupted sampling repeater jamming(ISRJ) is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation(LFM) radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure(ECCM) scheme is proposed to remove the ISRJ-based false targets from the pulse compression result of the de-chirping radar. Through the time-frequency(TF) analysis of the radar echo signal, it can be found that the TF characteristics of the ISRJ signal are discontinuous in the pulse duration because the ISRJ jammer needs short durations to receive the radar signal. Based on the discontinuous characteristics a particular band-pass filter can be generated by two alternative approaches to retain the true target signal and suppress the ISRJ signal. The simulation results prove the validity of the proposed ECCM scheme for the ISRJ.展开更多
Pulse Doppler(PD) fuze is widely used in current battlefield. However, with the threat of repeater jamming, especially digital radio frequency memory technology, the deficiency in the anti-repeater jamming of a tradit...Pulse Doppler(PD) fuze is widely used in current battlefield. However, with the threat of repeater jamming, especially digital radio frequency memory technology, the deficiency in the anti-repeater jamming of a traditional PD fuze increasingly emerges. Therefore, a repeater jamming suppression method for a PD fuze based on identity(ID) recognition and chaotic encryption is proposed. Every fuze has its own ID which is encrypted with different chaotic binary sequences in every pulse period of the transmitted signal. The thumbtack-shaped ambiguity function shows a good resolution and distance cutoff characteristic. The ability of anti-repeater jamming is emphatically analyzed, and the results at different signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) show a strong anti-repeater jamming ability and range resolution that the proposed method possesses. Furthermore, the anti-repeater jamming ability is influenced by processing gain, bit error rate(BER) and correlation function. The simulation result validates the theoretical analysis, it shows the proposed method can significantly improve the anti-repeater jamming ability of a PD fuze.展开更多
We present an efficient entanglement purification protocol (EPP) with controlled-not (CNOT) gates and linear optics. With the CNOT gates, our EPP can reach a higher fidelity than the conventional one. Moreover, it...We present an efficient entanglement purification protocol (EPP) with controlled-not (CNOT) gates and linear optics. With the CNOT gates, our EPP can reach a higher fidelity than the conventional one. Moreover, it does not require the fidelity of the initial mixed state to satisfy 1 2. If the initial state is not entangled, it still can be purified. With the linear optics, this protocol can get pure maximally entangled pairs with some probabilities. Meanwhile, it can be used to purify the entanglement between the atomic ensembles in distant locations. This protocol may be useful in long-distance quantum communication.展开更多
The use of repeater for the support of high rate data trans- mission and the extension of cell coverage is imperative for the Wibro system, which based on the IEEE 802.16e standardization. Generally, if the separation...The use of repeater for the support of high rate data trans- mission and the extension of cell coverage is imperative for the Wibro system, which based on the IEEE 802.16e standardization. Generally, if the separation between transmitting and receiving antennas is not sufficient, the oscillation of repeater and the interference due to the feedback signals from original transmitted signal may be oectLrr. Hence, the Interference Cancellation System (ICS) should be implemented as the important part of the repeater system for the mobile cellular systems in order to eliminate unwanted signals from the corrupted signals in the receiver. In this paper, we propose an adaptive technique for the Least Mean Square(LMS)-based interference cancellation methods by changing the step size according to the variation of channel envirorauent in onter to improve the performance degradation which occta-rs by using the fixed step size approach. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme attains a little lower Ber Error Rate(BER) performance and much faster convergence speed compared to the conventional LMS-based interference cancellation techniques. The proposed scheme can be applied to other Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple(OFDM)-based cellular systenas and also be expected to achieve a similar performance improvement to IMT-advanced system, which is called as the next generation mobile communication standards.展开更多
Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer...Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems based on curved coils and flexible ferrite sheets may provide more flexible charging solutions for various electronic devices such as rice cookers and robot vacuum cleaners. Power repeaters are also used in IPT systems to extend wireless charging range by guiding magnetic fields to the receiving coil. The interaction of these three topics could be inspiring. In this paper, two adjustable power repeaters are applied to an IPT charging system with various curved receiving coils designed for vacuum cleaners. Two power repeaters share the identical structure as the Tx coil and could be rotated to mirror symmetrically. The input and output power are calculated by analyzing the equivalent circuit model. The self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient of the proposed system are obtained via finite element method simulation with variable rotating angles. Three typical IPT designs have also been simulated in ANSYS Maxwell and compared with the proposed magnetic design. The comparison indicates the enhancing feature of the passive power repeaters on coupling performance and the ability to guide the magnetic flux for better magnetic field coupling. Furthermore, two types of co-simulations defined by the power source via Simplorer are conducted to explore how much power could be transferred. The tuned system is shown to be able to provide about 32 W under 100 kHz operating frequency for charging the battery of a robot vacuum cleaner. The results from theoretical calculation and simulation align well with each other.展开更多
Quantum communication is a groundbreaking technology that is driving the future of information transmission and communication technologies to a new paradigm.It relies on quantum entanglement to facilitate the transmis...Quantum communication is a groundbreaking technology that is driving the future of information transmission and communication technologies to a new paradigm.It relies on quantum entanglement to facilitate the transmission of quantum states between parties.Quantum repeaters are crucial for facilitating long-distance quantum communication.These quantum devices act as intermediaries between adjacent communication channel segments within a fragmented quantum network,allowing for entanglement swapping between the channel segments.This entanglement swapping process establishes entanglement links between the endpoints of adjacent segments,gradually creating a continuous entanglement connection over the entire length of the transmission channel.The established quantum link can be utilized for secure and efficient quantum communication between distant sender and receiver nodes.This study focuses on quantum entanglement purification,a protocol aimed at maintaining high fidelity entangled states above the operational threshold of the communication channel.This study investigates the optimal stage for executing the purification protocol and applies optimization schemes to evaluate various purification protocols.We use IBM Qiskit for circuit implementation and simulation.The results offer valuable insights into future approaches to implementing practical quantum repeaters and shed light on existing and anticipated challenges.展开更多
Coherent Jamming is one of the Important trends in modern radar electronic warfare. High-speed sampling of wldeband radio frequency (RF) signals and high isolatlon of two receive-transmit antennas are key technologi...Coherent Jamming is one of the Important trends in modern radar electronic warfare. High-speed sampling of wldeband radio frequency (RF) signals and high isolatlon of two receive-transmit antennas are key technologies for the realization of coherent jamming. However, these technologies present significant challenges to enginserlng application. In this paper, a novel repeater Jamming based on interrupted sampling technique is presented. For a Jammer with a receive-transmit time-sharing antenna, a radar signal is sampled with a low rate by the jammer. Then, a train of false targets will be achieved after the Jamming signal feed the matched flltar of a pulse compression radar. For the case of the Ilnser frequency modulated (LFM) pulse compression radars, mathematic principles of the interrupted.sampiing repeater jamming Is developed, and then the efficiency of the jamming is described and stated as expressions of key parameters which are also beneficial to the Jamming design for other coherent radars.展开更多
High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system's detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then elimi...High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system's detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in this paper, With the difference that false-target signal vector's polarization ratio is fixed and target echo signal vector's polarization ratio is variational along with radar transmission signal's polarization, we transform the discrimination problem to beeline distinguish problem in the 2-dim complex space. The distributing characteristic expression of the false-target discrimination statistic is constructed, with which the discrimination ratio of false-target is analyzed. For the target case, the decomposed model of target scattering matrix and the concept of distinguish quantity are proposed. Then, the discrimination ratio of target can be forecasted according to target distinguish quantity. Thus, the performance of discrimination method has been analyzed integrally. The simulation results demonstrate the method in this paper is effective on the discrimination of target and false-target.展开更多
Background:In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods:We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS ...Background:In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods:We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients.Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb,the ALS patients were divided into two groups:One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group.The Index repeating neurons (RN) and Index repeater F waves (Freps) were compared among the P,NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively.For each group,the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.Results:In the P group,the Index RN (P =0.004) and Index Freps (P =0.001) obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli.For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli,no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN (P =0.052) and Index Freps (P =0.079); The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN (P =0.002) of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group.For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli,the Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions:Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS.For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy,100 stimuli would be required.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage se...Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.展开更多
This paper proposes a repeater for boosting the speed of interconnects with low power dissipation.We have designed and implemented at 45 and 32 nm technology nodes.Delay and power dissipation performances are analyzed...This paper proposes a repeater for boosting the speed of interconnects with low power dissipation.We have designed and implemented at 45 and 32 nm technology nodes.Delay and power dissipation performances are analyzed for various voltage levels at these technology nodes using Spice simulations.A significant reduction in delay and power dissipation are observed compared to a conventional repeater.The results show that the proposed high-speed low-power repeater has a reduced delay for higher load capacitance.The proposed repeater is also compared with LPTG CMOS repeater,and the results shows that the proposed repeater has reduced delay.The proposed repeater can be suitable for high-speed global interconnects and has the capacity to drive large loads.展开更多
As a candidate technique to achieve sixth-generation wireless communication(6G),reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has become popular in both academia and industry.For better exploration of the advantages of RIS,w...As a candidate technique to achieve sixth-generation wireless communication(6G),reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has become popular in both academia and industry.For better exploration of the advantages of RIS,we compare the performances of RIS and network-controlled repeater(NCR)in 3GPP release-18.We first theoretically analyze the received signal power and signal-to-noise ratio performances for both RIS and NCR.Then,we simulate the reference signal received power and signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio performances at the system level for both RIS and NCR in the frequency range 1 and frequency range 2 bands.Finally,several insights on engineering applications are given based on the comparison between RIS and NCR.展开更多
To overcome the drawback of a short operation range and low-resolution of a passive location system using a civil communication signal, the new idea that utilizes code division multiple access (CDMA) signal and repe...To overcome the drawback of a short operation range and low-resolution of a passive location system using a civil communication signal, the new idea that utilizes code division multiple access (CDMA) signal and repeater is disposed off. First, the CDMA passive location model and observation function are given, and the error source and error range are analyzed. Subsequently, the CDMA passive location algorithm in a repeater environment is described and simulated. The simulation result shows that the algorithm can provide the location value with high accuracy.展开更多
A research team led by Prof.Pan Jianwei(潘建伟)and Prof.Bao Xiaohui(包小辉)at the University of Science and Technology of China,reported the successful realization of an efficient quantum light-matter interface with s...A research team led by Prof.Pan Jianwei(潘建伟)and Prof.Bao Xiaohui(包小辉)at the University of Science and Technology of China,reported the successful realization of an efficient quantum light-matter interface with sub-second lifetime,which can be used as an elementary unit to extend the distance of quantum communication through quantum repeater.This result was recently published in Nature展开更多
文摘On-chip global buses in deep sub-micron designs consume significant amounts of energy and have large propagation delays. Thus, minimizing energy dissipation and propagation delay is an important design objective. In this paper, we propose a new spatial and temporal encoding approach for generic on-chip global buses with repeaters that enables higher performance while reducing peak energy and average energy. The proposed encoding approach exploits the benefits of a temporal encoding circuit and spatial bus-invert coding techniques to simultaneously eliminate opposite transitions on adjacent wires and reduce the number of self-transitions and coupling-transitions. In the design process of applying encoding techniques for reduced bus delay and energy, we present a repeater insertion design methodology to determine the repeater size and inter-repeater bus length, which minimizes the total bus energy dissipation while satisfying target delay and slew-rate constraints. This methodology is employed to obtain optimal energy versus delay trade-offs under slew-rate constraints for various encoding techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271442)
文摘The interrupted sampling repeater jamming(ISRJ) is an effective deception jamming method for coherent radar, especially for the wideband linear frequency modulation(LFM) radar. An electronic counter-countermeasure(ECCM) scheme is proposed to remove the ISRJ-based false targets from the pulse compression result of the de-chirping radar. Through the time-frequency(TF) analysis of the radar echo signal, it can be found that the TF characteristics of the ISRJ signal are discontinuous in the pulse duration because the ISRJ jammer needs short durations to receive the radar signal. Based on the discontinuous characteristics a particular band-pass filter can be generated by two alternative approaches to retain the true target signal and suppress the ISRJ signal. The simulation results prove the validity of the proposed ECCM scheme for the ISRJ.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61973037 and No. 61673066。
文摘Pulse Doppler(PD) fuze is widely used in current battlefield. However, with the threat of repeater jamming, especially digital radio frequency memory technology, the deficiency in the anti-repeater jamming of a traditional PD fuze increasingly emerges. Therefore, a repeater jamming suppression method for a PD fuze based on identity(ID) recognition and chaotic encryption is proposed. Every fuze has its own ID which is encrypted with different chaotic binary sequences in every pulse period of the transmitted signal. The thumbtack-shaped ambiguity function shows a good resolution and distance cutoff characteristic. The ability of anti-repeater jamming is emphatically analyzed, and the results at different signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) show a strong anti-repeater jamming ability and range resolution that the proposed method possesses. Furthermore, the anti-repeater jamming ability is influenced by processing gain, bit error rate(BER) and correlation function. The simulation result validates the theoretical analysis, it shows the proposed method can significantly improve the anti-repeater jamming ability of a PD fuze.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11104159 and 10904074)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China (Grant No. NY211008)+2 种基金the University Natural Science Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. 11KJA510002)the Open Research Fund of Key Labof Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) of Ministry of Education, Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development Fund of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘We present an efficient entanglement purification protocol (EPP) with controlled-not (CNOT) gates and linear optics. With the CNOT gates, our EPP can reach a higher fidelity than the conventional one. Moreover, it does not require the fidelity of the initial mixed state to satisfy 1 2. If the initial state is not entangled, it still can be purified. With the linear optics, this protocol can get pure maximally entangled pairs with some probabilities. Meanwhile, it can be used to purify the entanglement between the atomic ensembles in distant locations. This protocol may be useful in long-distance quantum communication.
基金supported bythe IT R&D Programof MKE/ⅡTA:Development of Service Platform for Next Generation Mobile Communications
文摘The use of repeater for the support of high rate data trans- mission and the extension of cell coverage is imperative for the Wibro system, which based on the IEEE 802.16e standardization. Generally, if the separation between transmitting and receiving antennas is not sufficient, the oscillation of repeater and the interference due to the feedback signals from original transmitted signal may be oectLrr. Hence, the Interference Cancellation System (ICS) should be implemented as the important part of the repeater system for the mobile cellular systems in order to eliminate unwanted signals from the corrupted signals in the receiver. In this paper, we propose an adaptive technique for the Least Mean Square(LMS)-based interference cancellation methods by changing the step size according to the variation of channel envirorauent in onter to improve the performance degradation which occta-rs by using the fixed step size approach. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme attains a little lower Ber Error Rate(BER) performance and much faster convergence speed compared to the conventional LMS-based interference cancellation techniques. The proposed scheme can be applied to other Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple(OFDM)-based cellular systenas and also be expected to achieve a similar performance improvement to IMT-advanced system, which is called as the next generation mobile communication standards.
文摘Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems based on curved coils and flexible ferrite sheets may provide more flexible charging solutions for various electronic devices such as rice cookers and robot vacuum cleaners. Power repeaters are also used in IPT systems to extend wireless charging range by guiding magnetic fields to the receiving coil. The interaction of these three topics could be inspiring. In this paper, two adjustable power repeaters are applied to an IPT charging system with various curved receiving coils designed for vacuum cleaners. Two power repeaters share the identical structure as the Tx coil and could be rotated to mirror symmetrically. The input and output power are calculated by analyzing the equivalent circuit model. The self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient of the proposed system are obtained via finite element method simulation with variable rotating angles. Three typical IPT designs have also been simulated in ANSYS Maxwell and compared with the proposed magnetic design. The comparison indicates the enhancing feature of the passive power repeaters on coupling performance and the ability to guide the magnetic flux for better magnetic field coupling. Furthermore, two types of co-simulations defined by the power source via Simplorer are conducted to explore how much power could be transferred. The tuned system is shown to be able to provide about 32 W under 100 kHz operating frequency for charging the battery of a robot vacuum cleaner. The results from theoretical calculation and simulation align well with each other.
文摘Quantum communication is a groundbreaking technology that is driving the future of information transmission and communication technologies to a new paradigm.It relies on quantum entanglement to facilitate the transmission of quantum states between parties.Quantum repeaters are crucial for facilitating long-distance quantum communication.These quantum devices act as intermediaries between adjacent communication channel segments within a fragmented quantum network,allowing for entanglement swapping between the channel segments.This entanglement swapping process establishes entanglement links between the endpoints of adjacent segments,gradually creating a continuous entanglement connection over the entire length of the transmission channel.The established quantum link can be utilized for secure and efficient quantum communication between distant sender and receiver nodes.This study focuses on quantum entanglement purification,a protocol aimed at maintaining high fidelity entangled states above the operational threshold of the communication channel.This study investigates the optimal stage for executing the purification protocol and applies optimization schemes to evaluate various purification protocols.We use IBM Qiskit for circuit implementation and simulation.The results offer valuable insights into future approaches to implementing practical quantum repeaters and shed light on existing and anticipated challenges.
文摘Coherent Jamming is one of the Important trends in modern radar electronic warfare. High-speed sampling of wldeband radio frequency (RF) signals and high isolatlon of two receive-transmit antennas are key technologies for the realization of coherent jamming. However, these technologies present significant challenges to enginserlng application. In this paper, a novel repeater Jamming based on interrupted sampling technique is presented. For a Jammer with a receive-transmit time-sharing antenna, a radar signal is sampled with a low rate by the jammer. Then, a train of false targets will be achieved after the Jamming signal feed the matched flltar of a pulse compression radar. For the case of the Ilnser frequency modulated (LFM) pulse compression radars, mathematic principles of the interrupted.sampiing repeater jamming Is developed, and then the efficiency of the jamming is described and stated as expressions of key parameters which are also beneficial to the Jamming design for other coherent radars.
基金Supported by the New Century Excellent Talents Fund (Grant No. NCET-04-0997)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo. 60672033)
文摘High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system's detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in this paper, With the difference that false-target signal vector's polarization ratio is fixed and target echo signal vector's polarization ratio is variational along with radar transmission signal's polarization, we transform the discrimination problem to beeline distinguish problem in the 2-dim complex space. The distributing characteristic expression of the false-target discrimination statistic is constructed, with which the discrimination ratio of false-target is analyzed. For the target case, the decomposed model of target scattering matrix and the concept of distinguish quantity are proposed. Then, the discrimination ratio of target can be forecasted according to target distinguish quantity. Thus, the performance of discrimination method has been analyzed integrally. The simulation results demonstrate the method in this paper is effective on the discrimination of target and false-target.
文摘Background:In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods:We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients.Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb,the ALS patients were divided into two groups:One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group.The Index repeating neurons (RN) and Index repeater F waves (Freps) were compared among the P,NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively.For each group,the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.Results:In the P group,the Index RN (P =0.004) and Index Freps (P =0.001) obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli.For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli,no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN (P =0.052) and Index Freps (P =0.079); The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN (P =0.002) of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group.For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli,the Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions:Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS.For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy,100 stimuli would be required.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.61932008Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, No.21ZR1403200 (both to JC)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.
文摘This paper proposes a repeater for boosting the speed of interconnects with low power dissipation.We have designed and implemented at 45 and 32 nm technology nodes.Delay and power dissipation performances are analyzed for various voltage levels at these technology nodes using Spice simulations.A significant reduction in delay and power dissipation are observed compared to a conventional repeater.The results show that the proposed high-speed low-power repeater has a reduced delay for higher load capacitance.The proposed repeater is also compared with LPTG CMOS repeater,and the results shows that the proposed repeater has reduced delay.The proposed repeater can be suitable for high-speed global interconnects and has the capacity to drive large loads.
文摘As a candidate technique to achieve sixth-generation wireless communication(6G),reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has become popular in both academia and industry.For better exploration of the advantages of RIS,we compare the performances of RIS and network-controlled repeater(NCR)in 3GPP release-18.We first theoretically analyze the received signal power and signal-to-noise ratio performances for both RIS and NCR.Then,we simulate the reference signal received power and signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio performances at the system level for both RIS and NCR in the frequency range 1 and frequency range 2 bands.Finally,several insights on engineering applications are given based on the comparison between RIS and NCR.
基金the Key Project of Ministry of Education (207097)Education Natural Science Foundation Project of CQCSTC (2006BB2376)
文摘To overcome the drawback of a short operation range and low-resolution of a passive location system using a civil communication signal, the new idea that utilizes code division multiple access (CDMA) signal and repeater is disposed off. First, the CDMA passive location model and observation function are given, and the error source and error range are analyzed. Subsequently, the CDMA passive location algorithm in a repeater environment is described and simulated. The simulation result shows that the algorithm can provide the location value with high accuracy.
文摘A research team led by Prof.Pan Jianwei(潘建伟)and Prof.Bao Xiaohui(包小辉)at the University of Science and Technology of China,reported the successful realization of an efficient quantum light-matter interface with sub-second lifetime,which can be used as an elementary unit to extend the distance of quantum communication through quantum repeater.This result was recently published in Nature