Evaluation and screening for resistance of some varieties(lines)to major diseases and insect pests of rice

During 1984-1988,2,231 varieties(lines)from International Rice Testing Program(IRTP)were evaluated and screened for resistance to riceblast(Bl),bacterial blight(BB),sheath blight

Screening of Prolific Micromonospora carbonacea in Antibiotics Production by Sodium Nitrite Mutagenesis

[Objective] The purpose of the study is to breed Micromonospora car- bonacea highly producing antibiotics and then to improve the antibiotic production. [Method] Sodium Nitrite mutagenesis, combined with rifampicin resistance screening, was used in mutation breeding of M. carbonacea highly producing antibiotics from the strain of M. carbonacea JXNU-I. [Result] The overproducing strain JXNU-1-16- Y65 was screened with the production of antibiotics 266.05% more than that of the original strain. [Conclusion] The effectiveness of sodium nitrite mutation in breeding microorganisms highly producing antibiotic was proved, and the study may lay the foundation on further development and application of the antibiotic from M. car- bonacea JXNU-1.

Assessing New Banana Genotypes for Relevant Traits: Implication for Variety Selection

Understanding the performance of new crop genotypes for traits of relevance is important in selecting potential cultivars to satisfy end-users. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of new banana genotypes for bunch mass (BMS) and BMS-related traits, resistance to black Sigatoka and sensory attributes. Eight cooking banana genotypes consisting of six new hybrid genotypes selected from advanced breeding trials and two control cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design for three crop cycles at three locations in Uganda. Genotype, location, crop cycle and their interaction effects were significantly different for most traits assessed. The overall top two genotypes (“9058K-2” and “8099K-16”) combining high BMS, resistance to black Sigatoka and acceptable sensory attributes were identified. These genotypes are suggested as potential commercial cultivars for release to farmers in Uganda and/or other East African countries with similar environmental conditions to those where the genotypes were tested. It should be noted that high BMS/yield and resistance to diseases are not the only factors to consider when selecting banana genotypes that meet end-user needs. A combination of high BMS/yield, acceptable sensory attributes and resistance to diseases essentially influence the selection process of banana cultivars.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and prediabetes and associated risk factors： a community-based screening in Zhuhai, Southern China

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and prediabetes has increased in China, and at different rates in different locations. Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of CKD and prediabetes, and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD and prediabetes in a city of Southern China.Methods A total of 7801 community residents aged 18 year and older from 6 communities were screened by a stratified random cluster sampling method. An estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）, albuminuria, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） were measured. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD and ＂prediabetes, and association of insulin resistance （IR） with CKD and prediabetes was analyzed.Results The age-standardized prevalence of CKD was 12.5%, eGFR 〈60 ml.min^-1.1.73 m2 was 2.7% and ACR （albumin to creatinine ratio） 〉30 mg/g was 10.3%. The age-standardized prevalence of prediabetes was 12.1%. Logistic regression suggests that IR was a common independent risk factor of CKD and prediabetes. Further analysis show that HOMA-IR was increased with the aggravation of kidney injury and FPG. Conclusion CKD and prediabetes have become a major public health problem in Zhuhai, Southern China; insulin resistance may be an important risk factor.

Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Burden among the New Tuberculosis Patients in Zhejiang Province： An Observational Study, 2009-2013

Background：Screening on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） has been limited to the serious TB subpopulations excluding the new TB patients.This study aimed to examine MDR-TB burden among the new TB patients.Methods：We conducted a study in Zhejiang Province during 2009-2013 to screen for MDR-TB patients among the low MDR-TB risk patients and five subpopulations of high MDR-TB risk patients.The number,prevalence,and trend of MDR-TB were compared while the logistic regression model was used to examine risk factors related to MDR-TB.Results：A total of 200 and 791 MDR-TB cases were,respectively,identified from the 9830 new TB cases and 2372 high-risk suspects who took MDR-TB screening from 2009 to 2013.The MDR-TB rates went down in both of the new TB patients and five MDR-TB high-risk groups over the study time,but the percentage of MDR-TB patients identified from the new TB patients in all diagnosed MDR-TB cases kept stable from 28.3% in 2011 to 27.0% in 2012 to 26.0% in 2013.Conclusions：The study indicated that MDR-TB burden among new TB patients was high,thus screening for MDR-TB among the new TB patients should be recommended in China as well as in the similar situation worldwide.

The discovery of new scaffold of plant activators：From salicylic acid to benzotriazole

Started from salicylic acid（SA） and related commercialized plant activators,based on molecular threedimensional shape and pharmacophore similarity comparison（SHAFTS）,a new lead compound benzotriazole was predicted and a series of benzotriazole derivatives were designed and synthesized.The bioassay showed that benzotriazole had high activity against a broad spectrum of diseases including fungi and oomycetes in vivo,but no activity in vitro.And the introduction of proper groups at the1＇-position and 5＇-position was beneficial to the activity.So,they had the potential to be exploited as novel plant activators.