A study on the temperature sensitivity of NMR porosity in porous media based on the intensity of magnetization Dedicated to the special issue “Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media”

The measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)porosity is affected by temperature.Without considering the impact of NMR logging tools,this phenomenon is mainly caused by variations in magnetization intensity of the measured system due to temperature fluctuations and difference between the temperature of the porous medium and calibration sample.In this study,the effect of temperature was explained based on the thermodynamic theory,and the rules of NMR porosity responses to temperature changes were identified through core physics experiments.In addition,a method for correcting the influence of temperature on NMR porosity measurement was proposed,and the possible factors that may affect its application were also discussed.

Advancement in utilization of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in the understanding of schizophrenia

Historically,psychiatric diagnoses have been made based on patient’s reported symptoms applying the criteria from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.The utilization of neuroimaging or biomarkers to make the diagnosis and manage psychiatric disorders remains a distant goal.There have been several studies that examine brain imaging in psychiatric disorders,but more work is needed to elucidate the complexities of the human brain.In this editorial,we examine two articles by Xu et al and Stoyanov et al,that show developments in the direction of using neuroimaging to examine the brains of people with schizo-phrenia and depression.Xu et al used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain structure of patients with schizophrenia,in addition to examining neurotransmitter levels as biomarkers.Stoyanov et al used functional magnetic resonance imaging to look at modulation of different neural circuits by diagnostic-specific scales in patients with schizophrenia and depression.These two studies provide crucial evidence in advancing our understanding of the brain in prevalent psychiatric disorders.

Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics model for the prediction of rectal cancer metachronous liver metastasis

BACKGROUND The liver,as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer,early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.Herein,this study aims to investigate the application value of a combined machine learning(ML)based model based on the multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of rectal metachronous liver metastasis(MLM).AIM To investigate the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images of preoperative first diagnosed rectal cancer in predicting MLM from rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by surgical pathology at Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.All participants were randomly assigned to the training or validation queue in a 7:3 ratio.We first apply generalized linear regression model(GLRM)and random forest model(RFM)algorithm to construct an MLM prediction model in the training queue,and evaluate the discriminative power of the MLM prediction model using area under curve(AUC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).Then,the robustness and generalizability of the MLM prediction model were evaluated based on the internal validation set between the validation queue groups.RESULTS Among the 301 patients included in the study,16.28%were ultimately diagnosed with MLM through pathological examination.Multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen,and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics were independent predictors of MLM.Then,the GLRM prediction model was developed with a comprehensive nomogram to achieve satisfactory differentiation.The prediction performance of GLRM in the training and validation queue was 0.765[95%confidence interval(CI):0.710-0.820]and 0.767(95%CI:0.712-0.822),respectively.Compared with GLRM,RFM achieved superior performance with AUC of 0.919(95%CI:0.868-0.970)and 0.901(95%CI:0.850-0.952)in the training and validation queue,respectively.The DCA indicated that the predictive ability and net profit of clinical RFM were improved.CONCLUSION By combining multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging with the effectiveness and robustness of ML-based predictive models,the proposed clinical RFM can serve as an insight tool for preoperative assessment of MLM risk stratification and provide important information for individual diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer patients.

Temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and electroencephalography.At present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.This review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent articles.This review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic accuracy.Many challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical monitoring.Conversely,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after birth.This suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to fully understand the optimal timing for predicting long-term outcomes.

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 mutation in the Sotos syndrome with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sotos syndrome is characterized by overgrowth features and is caused by alterations in the nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 gene.Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is considered a neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorder in childhood.Genetic characteristics and clinical presentation could play an important role in the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome and ADHD.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been used to assess medical images in Sotos syndrome and ADHD.The images process is considered to display in MRI while wavelet fusion has been used to integrate distinct images for achieving more complete information in single image in this editorial.In the future,genetic mechanisms and artificial intelligence related to medical images could be used in the clinical diagnosis of Sotos syndrome and ADHD.

Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people everywhere.Due to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the spine.The semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar diseases.It is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation accuracy.This work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra S1.Pseudo-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the model.The work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley Data.The proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

Laplace NMR谱图重建——从经典正则化到深度学习

拉普拉斯核磁共振(Laplace NMR)可以提供待测样品的扩散系数或弛豫时间等物理参数信息,是用于研究分子化学结构、动力学和相互作用的强大工具.Laplace NMR的适用性很大程度上取决于拉普拉斯逆变换相关的信号处理算法的性能.在本文中,我们首先讨论了Laplace NMR谱图重建问题的不适定性,接着回顾了经典的基于正则化约束的重建算法,并介绍了目前前沿的深度学习算法在处理Laplace反演问题方面的应用,最后总结了这些算法的优缺点,并对Laplace NMR信号处理方法未来改进方向进行了展望.

应用于太赫兹波驱动的DNP-NMR传输线

太赫兹波驱动的动态核极化增强核磁共振波谱系统可大幅提高信号灵敏度和缩短检测时间。该系统需采用传输线在驱动源回旋管与谱仪之间进行太赫兹波传输。本文针对400 MHz增强核磁共振系统设计了由准光模式变换器和波纹波导组成的太赫兹传输线,并进行了相关实验测试,测试结果表明准光模式变换器可将263 GHz回旋管TE 03模式转换成准高斯波束,其高斯成份为97%,整个传输线最终输出波束的高斯成份为96.3%。

利用NMR技术测定小麦胚芽中的脂质成分

为深入探究小麦胚芽中的脂质成分,该研究采用不同溶剂分别提取小麦胚芽中的磷脂和中性脂质,利用核磁共振技术(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对小麦胚芽中的脂质成分进行分析,结果表明:^(31)P NMR在小麦胚芽中检测到6种磷脂和相对应的5种溶血性磷脂,以及非脂质含磷化合物甘油磷脂酰胆碱(GPC);磷脂中含量最高的是磷脂酰胆碱(PC),其摩尔浓度为0.42μmol/g,摩尔分数为28.50%,质量浓度为0.31 mg/g,质量分数为30.20%;^(1)H NMR测定小麦胚芽中的多种中性脂质组成及含量,包括甘油三酯(TG)、甘油二酯(DG)、甘油单酯(MG)和游离脂肪酸(FA),其中含量最高的甘油酯是TG,占比为77.25%,含量最低的是2-甘油单酯(2-MG),占比为0.03%;小麦胚芽的甘油三酯和磷脂中检测出亚油酸(L)、油酸(O)和亚麻酸(Ln)等6种不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸的含量最高,在甘油三酯中占比56.26%,在磷脂中占比45.37%。溶血性磷脂和GPC是磷脂的水解产物,DG、MG和FA是甘油三酯的水解产物,这些物质可以反映样品中脂质的水解程度。研究结果表明,利用NMR不仅能够对小麦胚芽脂质的组分进行定性定量分析,而且可以监测小麦胚芽脂质水解程度的变化。NMR技术在小麦胚芽相关产品的脂质分析研究具有重要作用。

Advances in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technologies applied for characterization of pore space inside rocks:a critical review

NMR serves as an important technique for probing rock pore space,such as pore structure characterization,fluid identification,and petrophysical property testing,due to the reusability of cores,convenience in sample processing,and time efficiency in laboratory tests.In practice,NMR signal collection is normally achieved through polarized nuclei relaxation which releases crucial relaxation messages for result interpretation.The impetus of this work is to help engineers and researchers with petroleum background obtain new insights into NMR principals and extend existing methodologies for characterization of unconventional formations.This article first gives a brief description of the development history of relaxation theories and models for porous media.Then,the widely used NMR techniques for characterizing petrophysical properties and pore structures are presented.Meanwhile,limitations and deficiencies of them are summarized.Finally,future work on improving these insufficiencies and approaches of enhancement applicability for NMR technologies are discussed.

基于NMR的非饱和土相对渗透系数快速预测新方法

非饱和土的渗透系数作为研究非饱和土中水分运移的重要参数,直接测量方法原理简明但试样尺寸较大,耗时较长;土-水特征曲线(SWCC)间接预测方法由于需要获取土-水特征曲线,同样较为耗时,工作量较大。为此,结合核磁共振(NMR)理论与渗流理论提出了不同孔径孔隙通道渗透系数与弛豫时间的关系,通过对不同大小孔隙通道渗透系数进行累加,提出了基于核磁共振的饱和/非饱和土渗透系数预测模型和快速预测方法。为验证模型的合理性,以湖南黏土为研究对象,进行了不同初始孔隙比试样脱湿、吸湿过程以及饱和状态下的95次核磁共振试验,获取相应的NMR曲线,采用瞬时剖面法获取不同初始孔隙比试样非饱和相对渗透系数,并与该模型预测值对比。研究发现:利用脱湿、吸湿过程不同含水率下NMR曲线以及饱和状态的NMR曲线均具有较好的预测效果,但基于饱和状态下试样的NMR曲线预测效果相对最好,测量成本和耗时也最小,因此建议采用饱和状态试样NMR曲线直接预测非饱和相对渗透系数。

Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) microscopic simulation based on random-walk: Theory and parameters analysis

The microscopic response characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) are widely used for characterizing complex pore structures of rocks. Due to the prohibitive NMR experiment cost, numerical simulation was employed as an alternative approach to verify some theoretical aspects of NMR responses. Firstly, the basic principles of pore-scale NMR simulation based on random-walk method(RWM) were introduced. The RWM-simulated results were benchmarked with the analytical results for an ideal spherical pore model. Then, the effects of two numerical parameters, namely diffusion radius and walk numbers, were studied on the simulation accuracy. The simulation method is then applied to various pore models with different pore sizes and pore shapes filled with different fluids to study the microscopic NMR response characteristics. The numerical experiments are useful for understanding and interpreting NMR measurements and the simulation code provides a numerical tool to perform pixel-based digital rock analysis.

A review of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology applied in the characterization of polymer gels for petroleum reservoir conformance control

Polymer gel systems have been widely applied to control excessive water and improve oil recovery(IOR)in petroleum reservoirs.They are usually divided into two main types,in-situ cross-linked polymer gels,and pre-formed polymer gels.In recent years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology has been gradually applied to the research of polymer gel systems due to its unique analysis advantages.This paper is intent to review these works systematically.For in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems,NMR can be used to characterize the chemical structure changes of the polymer,the cross-linker,and the auxiliary agent in the formulation of the polymer gel systems.Moreover,the gelation time and the gel strength of the in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems can also be measured by NMR.For pre-formed polymer gels,NMR can be employed to detect the chemical structure of the designed products.Last,the NMR method can evaluate the plugging,water control,and oil improvement performance of the polymer gels in porous media without using dopants.This review can help readers build a more systematic understanding of the application of NMR technology in polymer gel systems for IOR and help re searchers to more deeply study the performance of polymer gel systems.

^(29)Si, ^(27)Al Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) Studies of Kaolinite and Its Thermal Transformation Products

^27Al,^29Si MAS NMR studies of kaolinite and its thermal transformation products show that in the kaolinite-mullite reaction series there is an extensive segregation of Al2O3 and SiO2 and the reaction of Al2O3 with SiO2 to form mullite is the main path of mullite formation.At about 850°C,the peak intensity of Al(V) reaches its maximum and with the further rise of temperature the Al(V)signal completely disappears.At about 950°C,γ-Al2O3 accounts for about 71%of the material phases containing Al atoms.In the series there is no obvious presence of Al-Si spinel.The ^27Al and ^29Si MAS NMR spectra show that there is an obvious difference between the temperature points for Al-O2(OH)4 octahedral sheet collapsing and Si-O4 tetrahedral sheet breaking down.

基于LF-2D-NMR的文冠果含水含油率检测方法

文冠果的含水、含油率的高低影响其育种及加工储藏结果。为探求一种无损、快速、准确的文冠果含水含油率检测方法,该研究分别采用干取样法结合低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、低场二维核磁共振技术(low field two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-2D-NMR)两种试验方式进行数据采集。通过系列试验确定两种技术在检测文冠果含水含油率的可行性。结果表明:与国标法测试结果相比,LF-NMR结合干取样法采集获取的数据异常,并且由于LF-NMR无法区分重叠峰信号,无法解释产生异常变化的原因,故该方法不适用于文冠果含油含水率的检测;LF-2D-NMR能够定性分析一维波谱中信号重叠无法区分组分的问题,成功解释了干取样法结合LF-NMR数据异常的原因。同时,LF-2D-NMR测得的文冠果T_(1)-T_(2)谱峰面积与烘箱干燥法及索氏提取法获取的水油含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,经与真值验证过后的决定系数R_2分别为0.920 9和0.942 4,可以用于文冠果含水含油率的定量分析。该研究拓展了低场核磁共振技术的理论认知深度,提高检测精度及在实际生产中的指导价值。

基于LF-NMR研究双孢菇远红外辅助热泵干燥过程中水分迁移规律及品质变化

为研究双孢菇远红外辅助热泵干燥过程中水分分布规律及品质变化,采用低场核磁共振及成像技术分别对干燥过程的双孢菇进行弛豫特性及质子密度成像分析,并研究干燥前、后双孢菇微观结构和品质的变化。结果表明:在热泵温度分别为45,55,65℃时,双孢菇到达干燥终点的时间分别为510,420,390 min。双孢菇的T2反演谱有3个不同的弛豫峰:T21(3~23 ms)、T22(25~155 ms)和T23(155~1084 ms),分别代表双孢菇中的结合水、不易流动水和自由水。干燥初期,T23左迁幅度很大,干燥后期,左迁幅度变小,随着干燥时间的延长,自由水的流动性降低。干燥结束时,T23对应的弛豫峰下降约99.8%,只剩下部分T21和T22对应的峰,说明自由水几乎被完全去除,双孢菇内仅剩结合水和少量不易流动水。低场核磁共振图像显示,65℃条件下,干燥360 min,水分基本被脱除,而55℃和45℃处理组分别在干燥390 min和450 min才基本脱除。双孢菇外侧的水分先被脱除,内部的水分向外迁移,并且温度越高,内部水分迁移速率越快。另外,65℃条件下的双孢菇的BI值分别比45℃和55℃条件下的BI低30.55%和22.69%,说明65℃更能维持双孢菇原有的色泽。65℃条件下干燥的双孢菇的抗坏血酸、总酚、总黄酮含量分别比干燥前下降84.62%,55.80%和36.78%,与45℃和55℃相比,65℃下双孢菇营养成分的损失最小。本研究表明低场核磁共振及成像技术为双孢菇干燥过程中水分的变化提供了直观的参考依据,也可为双孢菇的远红外辅助热泵干燥工艺优化干燥参数、提高产品质量提供理论参考。

qNMR法测定片剂苯磺酸氨氯地平的含量

本文利用定量核磁共振波谱法(qNMR)建立了测定片剂苯磺酸氨氯地平含量的分析方法。片剂样品经研磨称量后,加入氘代甲醇为溶剂、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯作为内标物进行混合。混合物经涡旋、超声和离心后取上清液转移入核磁管,对样品采集核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)。氢谱中以苯磺酸氨氯地平位于δ5.41的谱峰为检测定量峰,1,3,5-三甲氧基苯位于δ 6.07的谱峰为内标定量峰建立绝对定量方法。1H-NMR实验参数为:90度单脉冲序列,脉冲延迟时间30 s,扫描次数32次,采样温度308 K。实验结果显示苯磺酸氨氯地平与内标物的摩尔比在0.42~8.38的范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.9973),精密度和稳定性试验的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.45%(n=7)和0.44%。对于片剂样品,整个方法(包括目标组份的提取和定量核磁检测)重复性试验RSD为1.69%(n=6);三个不同浓度的加标回收率分别为103.86%、101.20%和99.69%。应用本方法对8个市售品牌的苯磺酸氨氯地平片剂进行了含量测定,结果显示建立的qNMR方法准确度高,重复性好,简便快捷,为片剂药品绝对含量的测定提供了新方法。

烟草果胶和纤维素含量^(13)C MultiCP/MAS NMR同时测量

果胶和纤维素是烟草细胞壁的重要组成成分,其含量对烟草品质与安全性产生重要影响。传统分析方法难以实现果胶和纤维素的同时定量。本文在优化核磁共振波谱序列条件的基础上,采用固体^(13)C多重交叉极化/魔角旋转核磁共振波谱分析技术(^(13)C MultiCP/MAS NMR)建立了烟草果胶和纤维素含量的同时测量新方法。方法以聚半乳糖醛酸和微晶纤维素为标准物质,以3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙酸-d4钠盐(TMSP)做为内标物质,分别建立内标法标准曲线,相关系数R2为0.999 0和0.998 2。果胶测量的检出限和定量限分别为0.38和1.28 mg·g^(–1),精密度(RSD,n=5)小于3.05%。纤维素测量的检出限和定量限为1.01和3.32 mg·g^(–1),精密度(RSD,n=5)小于2.74%。应用本方法测量烟梗、烟草薄片和烟叶等不同类型样品中的果胶和纤维素含量,并对比烟草行业标准方法的测量结果,果胶含量的相对误差在-0.95%至4.51%之间,纤维素含量的相对误差在0.77%至2.46%之间。表明^(13)C MultiCP/MAS NMR方法快速,准确,适合批量样品的分析测量,为果胶和纤维素等细胞壁类大分子的同时定量分析提供重要技术支持。

Staging liver fibrosis with various diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging models

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)has been developed to stage liver fibrosis.However,its diagnostic performance is inconsistent among studies.Therefore,it is worth studying the diagnostic value of various diffusion models for liver fibrosis in one cohort.AIM To evaluate the clinical potential of six diffusion-weighted models in liver fibrosis staging and compare their diagnostic performances.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 59 patients suspected of liver disease and scheduled for liver biopsy and 17 healthy participants.All participants underwent multi-b value DWI.The main DWI-derived parameters included Mono-apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)from mono-exponential DWI,intravoxel incoherent motion model-derived true diffusion coefficient(IVIM-D),diffusion kurtosis imaging-derived apparent diffusivity(DKI-MD),stretched exponential model-derived distributed diffusion coefficient(SEM-DDC),fractional order calculus(FROC)model-derived diffusion coefficient(FROC-D)and FROC model-derived microstructural quantity(FROC-μ),and continuous-time random-walk(CTRW)model-derived anomalous diffusion coefficient(CTRW-D)and CTRW model-derived temporal diffusion heterogeneity index(CTRW-α).The correlations between DWI-derived parameters and fibrosis stages and the parameters’diagnostic efficacy in detecting significant fibrosis(SF)were assessed and compared.RESULTS CTRW-D(r=-0.356),CTRW-α(r=-0.297),DKI-MD(r=-0.297),FROC-D(r=-0.350),FROC-μ(r=-0.321),IVIM-D(r=-0.251),Mono-ADC(r=-0.362),and SEM-DDC(r=-0.263)were significantly correlated with fibrosis stages.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of the combined index of the six models for distinguishing SF(0.697-0.747)were higher than each of the parameters alone(0.524-0.719).The DWI models’ability to detect SF was similar.The combined index of CTRW model parameters had the highest AUC(0.747).CONCLUSION The DWI models were similarly valuable in distinguishing SF in patients with liver disease.The combined index of CTRW parameters had the highest AUC.

ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF APOPLECTIC HEMIPLEGIA TREATED BY NEEDLING AROUND THE PROJECTIVE AREA ON THE SCALP OF FOCUS LOCATED WITH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE(NMR)

Sixty-one patients of ischemic apoplectic hemiplegia were randomly divided into group ofneedling around the ipsilateral projective area on the scalp of the fOcus (group A) and group of scalpacupuncture (group B). After 30 treatments, there is a significant difference between the therapeuticeffects of two groups (P < 0. 05 ), the former is better than the latter. It suggests that the method ofneedling around the projective area on the scalp of the focus is an effective and a feasible