Responsive Government:The Diversity and Institutional Performance of Online Political Deliberation Systems

Along with innovation in ICT technology and the spread of the internet,the online network,through its“technological empowerment”of citizens and governments,has driven a series of institutional changes designed to promote government responsiveness.The global spread of online political deliberation is indeed an achievement of the internetdriven construction of responsive government.In recent years,the Chinese government has vigorously promoted online political deliberation,established virtual platforms to build bridges between netizens and public power,brought internet activism into institutional channels,and implemented political absorption and online consultation.Under the influence of policy initiatives and local innovations,China has created diversified response systems that strengthen the institutionalization of online political deliberation and thereby enable this system to play an active role in improving government capacity and regulating the relationship between the state and society.At present,China has seven types of online response:the Communist Party Committee-led mode,the mixed mode,the governmentled mode and the modes led by the departments in charge of absorption,business,supervision departments,and petitioning.Empirical studies show that the diversity and degree of institutionalization of online political deliberation significantly affect institutional performance and that political authority and professionalism are important features that enable the different response systems to influence institutional performance.In short,the endogenous elements of the response system—level of institutionalization and institutional diversity—are key factors in institutional performance.

The Fulfillment of Government Responsibilities in the Collaborative Governance of Rural Water Pollution

Rural environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has become an important problem to be solved urgently in our country under the background of the new era. Protecting the ecological environment is one of the important functions of the government, and protecting the rural water environment is the unshirkable responsibility of the local governments. As the main body of rural water pollution control, how to define and fulfill the local governments’ responsibilities is of great significance to the advancement of the overall governance work. This paper starts from the local governments, which are the important main body of rural environmental governance. By comparing the similarities and differences between the performance of government responsibilities under the traditional governance model and the collaborative governance model, clarifies the governance responsibilities of the local governments. And further explores the effective measures for the government to play the main role, fulfill the main responsibilities, and participate in the collaborative governance of rural water pollution.

Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

The Endowment Culture Construction under the Perspective of Government

As the aging population increasingly accelerates, the construction of the endowment culture has been putting on the agenda. In fact, the endowment culture plays an irreplaceable part in the social old-age care system. In the period of social transition, the excellent traditional old-age pension culture is destroyed, which makes the cultivation of the old-age social fashion imminent. The atmosphere of respecting the old and establishing a harmonious generation relationship is an important cultural guarantee to establish ＂five old＂ and build a harmonious society, in which our country or government bears inescapable responsibilities.

Service and Responsibility： Reinforcing the Environmental E-government of China

Environmental E-government plays an important role in the progress of uniting the harmonious development between human and nature, and building the environment-friendly-society. This paper discusses the relationship between environmental E-government and government function of the environmental management. To develop environmental E-government can better the executive ability of the government to manage the environment and serve the public. It can realize the over-all covering of environmental information beyond time and space. Also, it can enhance the mutual action between the society and the government, and improve the effectiveness of the government to manage the environment as well.

Research on Government Responsibility for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Minority Areas

The protection of intangible cultural heritage is a long and arduous systematic project.It not only protects the heritage itself,but also protects its surroundings,including its historical,scientific,and emotional connotations and the elements of cultural heritage formation.In the protection of intangible cultural heritage,the local government will play a leading role and bear unshirkable responsibility for the success or failure of the construction.In the process,however,local governments are often affected by various factors,resulting in adverse phenomena such as government undertaking the whole things and protective damage.This paper takes minority areas as the research district to study the government responsibility for the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

Unbalanced development, public services and government responsibility： an analysis based on government preference and government efficiency

Unbalanced development is a prominent issue in China＇s present social and economic operation. It is generally believed that the lack of public services is the direct cause of this problem and that the crux of the issue is the absence of government responsibility. If one distinguishes between two types of unbalanced development, the ＂development stage＂ type and the ＂government responsibility＂ type. it becomes clear that factors related to both supply and demand for public services have together produced the present surge in unbalanced economic development in China, a situation characterized by the combination of the two types of unbalanced development. The economic system of the transition period has limited government efficiency and biased government behavior, so it is the fundamental crux of the current problem. To solve this problem, it will be necessary not only to require that the government assume more responsibility for public services, but also, more importantly, to speed up resolution of the systemic problems that give rise to this bias in government behavior against the background of system transition.

Polish Government's Tax Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

1.Introduction The rapid spread of COVID-19 is the challenge for all the countries and their economies.The sugges-t ions presented in media show that the COVID-19 pandemic will result in recession.This seems a fairly obvious observation resulting from the growing number of infections in most countries,closing schools and workplaces and promoting social distancing measures,as well as sharp declines on global stock exchanges.

Molecular mechanisms governing plant responses to high temperatures

The increased prevalence of high temperatures （HTs） around the world is a major global concern, as they dramatically affect agronomic productivity. Upon HT exposure, plants sense the temperature change and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to their new environmental conditions.Decoding the mechanisms by which plants cope with HT will facilitate the development of molecular markers to enable the production of plants with improved thermotolerance. In recent decades, genetic, physiological, molecular, and biochemical studies have revealed a number of vital cellular components and processes involved in thermoresponsive growth and the acquisition of thermo- tolerance in plants. This review summarizes the major mechanisms involved in plant HT responses, with a special focus on recent discoveries related to plant thermosensing, heat stress signaling, and HT-regulated gene expression networks that promote plant adaptation to elevated environmental temperatures.

Coordination and Cooperation are Essential: A Call for a Global Network to Enhance Integrated Human Health Risk Resilience Based on China’s COVID-19 Pandemic Coping Practice

More than a year after its appearance and still rampant around the world,the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted tragically how poorly the world is prepared to handle systemic risks in an increasingly hyper-connected global social-ecological system.The absence or clear inadequacy of global governance arrangements and mechanisms is painfully distinct and obvious.In this short article,we summarize a set of COVID-19 pandemic-related analyses and lessons that are inspired by Chinese practice.First,strong government response is one of the most important methods to control a pandemic.Second,countries should be concerned about human-to-frozen goods-to-human transmission.Third,sharing resources and experiences through cooperation is crucial to ensure an adequate health response.Based on these insights,we stress the critical importance of coordination and cooperation,and call for a global network to enhance integrated human health risk resilience.

MAGNA CARTA 1215： A GLORIOUS FAILURE

Along with the tradition of celebrating the importance of the Charter of 1215, there is a long tradition of skepticism concerning its purpose （which was not to achieve responsible government but to preserve the property of wealthy landowners）, its force （it was annulled by the Pope and repudiated by the king within a few weeks）, and even its success as a peace treaty （war broke out within a few months）. The author will outline the reasons for skepticism, because we can only see what there is to celebrate in 2015, if we understand that the Charter of 1215 was the failed result of a reactionary armed tax rebellion by wealthy and powerful landowners, who were not trying to make a new constitution. What is there to celebrate？ The author will address that question by asking why the Charter of 1215 was neither void （as the Pope asserted） for repugnancy to the King＇s authority, nor voidable for duress. The author challenges the idea that the Charter of 1215 is the foundation of the rule of law in England, arguing that the rule of law goes back farther, and that the Charter of 1215 was very limited in its impact. But it did promote the rule of law in two ways： by giving new specificity to legal duties and restrictions that the king had already been subject to, and by highlighting the country＇s need for effective processes for giving effect to those duties and restrictions.