Recent Advances in Multifunctional Reticular Framework Nanoparticles:A Paradigm Shift in Materials Science Road to a Structured Future

Porous organic frameworks(POFs)have become a highly sought-after research domain that offers a promising avenue for developing cutting-edge nanostructured materials,both in their pristine state and when subjected to various chemical and structural modifications.Metal–organic frameworks,covalent organic frameworks,and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks are examples of these emerging materials that have gained significant attention due to their unique properties,such as high crystallinity,intrinsic porosity,unique structural regularity,diverse functionality,design flexibility,and outstanding stability.This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research on base-stable POFs,emphasizing the distinct pros and cons of reticular framework nanoparticles compared to other types of nanocluster materials.Thereafter,the review highlights the unique opportunity to produce multifunctional tailoring nanoparticles to meet specific application requirements.It is recommended that this potential for creating customized nanoparticles should be the driving force behind future synthesis efforts to tap the full potential of this multifaceted material category.

Identification of retinal thickness and blood flow in agerelated macular degeneration with reticular pseudodrusen

AIM:To investigate thickness characteristics and vascular plexuses in retinas with reticular pseudodrusen(RPD)as an early detection strategy for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS:This retrospective study included 24 subjects(33 eyes)with RPD and 25 heathy control subjects(34 eyes).The superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and the deep capillary plexus(DCP)of the retinal posterior poles were investigated with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Retinal thicknesses and vessel densities were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The general retinal thicknesses of RPD eyes were significantly decreased(95%CI-14.080,-0.655;P=0.032).The vessel densities of DCP in RPD eyes were significantly increased in the global(95%CI 1.067,7.312;P=0.027),parafoveal(95%CI 0.417,5.241;P=0.022),and perifoveal(95%CI 0.181,6.842;P=0.039)quadrants.However,the vessel densities of the SCP were rarely increased in the eyes with RPD.CONCLUSION:The thinning of retinas in the RPD group suggests a reduction in the number of cells.Additionally,the increased vessel density of the DCP in retinas with RPD indicates a greater demand for blood supply,possibly due to the hypoxia induced RPD compensation caused by RPD in the outer retina.This study highlights the pathological risks associated with RPD and emphasizes the importance of early intervention to retard the progression of AMD.

Impaired consciousness caused by injury of the lower ascending reticular activating system: evaluation by diffusion tensor tractography

A 34-year-old male patient underwent conservative management for traumatic hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe（Figure 1A）.The patient lost consciousness for approximately 4 weeks and experienced post-traumatic amnesia continuously from the time of the accident.The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score（Teasdale et al.,1974）was 6

Recovery of multiply injured ascending reticular activating systems in a stroke patient

Consciousness is controlled by ular activating system （ARAS）. lower and upper parts between activation of the ascending retic- The ARAS consists mainly of the the thalamus and cerebral cortex （Edlow et al., 2012; Yeo et al., 2013; Jang et al., 2014）. Because the ARAS is composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. These neuronal connections begin from the reticular formation （RF） of the brainstem and the intralaminar nucleus of thalamus to the cerebral cortex （Gosseroes et al., 2011）. In addition, the ARAS system also includes several brainstem nuclei （such as dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, pedun-culopontine nucleus, median raphe and parabrachial nucleus）, non-specific thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain （Fuller et al., 2011）.

Restoration of an injured lower dorsal ascending reticular activating system in a patient with intraventricular hemorrhage

The ascending reticular activating system（ARAS）plays a key role in the control of arousal and awareness for consciousness（Paus,2000;Zeman,2001;Van der Werf et al.,2002;Weiss et al.,2007;Siposan and Aliu,2014）.It is well known that the ARAS originates from the reticular formation（RF）of the brainstem,and connects to the cerebral cortex via intralaminar to the cerebral cortex （Paus, 2000; Zeman, 2001; Van der Werf et al., 2002; Yeo et al., 2013; Jang and Kwon, 2015）. The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of sleep and awareness which is associated with the main timekeeper of consciousness （Lin, 2000; Lin et al., 2011）.

Astrocyte syncytium:a functional reticular system in the brain

In contrary to the discrete neuronal circuits,astrocytes share their cytoplasm through gap junctional coupling into a syncytium.This distinctive difference in neuronal and astrocytic anatomy recalls the historical debate between Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal on the wiring principle of the nervous system over a century ago(Cimino,1999).At that neuron-centric era,the Cajal advocated the cell theory that considered the nervous system to be made up of discrete individual cells.Golgi on the other hand favored the reticular theory that viewed the nervous system as a singular continuing network system.Nevertheless,regardless of the difference in their viewpoints,both theories were intended to postulate an anatomical blueprint of neural circuitry,with no attention given to neuroglia.It was until the 1950s,the distinct membrane borders between synapses were revealed by electron microscopy,which means that neurons are indeed discrete individual cells.This declared Ramon y Cajal’s cell theory the victor in the debate,while Golgi’s reticular theory was disregarded.However,the existence of a“low-resistance pathway”between neuroglia was soon identified in the optic nerve in the 1960s(Kuffler et al.,1966),which we now know to be gap junction coupling that connects the cytoplasm of astrocytes into a syncytial network.Ever since,decades of studies clearly demonstrated that syncytial coupling into the network is a most prominent feature of astrocytes and these glial networks are intimately interwoven with the neuronal circuits running across the entire central nervous system(Giaume et al.,2010).Surprisingly,the question of whether a reticular system exists in parallel with the neuronal circuits has received a little research attention to this day.Interestingly,the wiring pattern of astrocyte syncytium is reminiscent of the reticular theory postulated by Golgi.In this perspective,the“revived”use of“reticular theory”is solely dedicated to the brain reticular system established by astrocytes.

Significance of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus GABAergic Neurons in Normal and Pathological Activity of the Brain

The relationship between neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and relay neurons of the thalamic nuclei was studied. Activation of the TRN neurons was shown to abate activity of relay neurons. This evidence was obtained by stimulation of the TRN and the neocortex and, by introduction of small doses of nembutal as well. Suppression of the relay neuronal activity by the TRN neurons is supposed to occur monosynaptically. It has been also revealed that neuronal activity of the TRN enhances in a clonic phase of seizures generated by stimulation of the hippocampus and as soon as the electroencephalographic seizure reactions disappear. The suppression of limbic motor seizures is obviously related to the process of potentiation in GABAergic synapses of thalamocortical networks. Thus, stimulation of the TRN appears to be a rather valuable methodical tool that can open up prospects in the development of new “anticonvulsive” strategies in the treated of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Lead-Induced Damage on Hepatocytes and Hepatic Reticular Fibres in Rats;Protective Role of Aqueous Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Leaves (Lam)

This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves on the histologyof liver and hepatic reticular fibres integrity of adult Wistar rats following lead-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty four adult Wistar rats, weighing 180 - 220 g, randomly assigned into four groups of six animals each were used for the study. Lead and Moringa oleifera were given orally to the rats. 24 hours after the last administration, animals were sacrificed, blood obtained by cardiac puncture and liver excised, fixed in 10% phosphate buffered formalin for histological and histochemical analysis. The activities of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used as markers of hepatotoxicity and catalase (CAT) activity were used as marker to evaluate the anti-oxidant status of the tissue. Result showed that lead treatment increased markers of hepatic damage (ALT, AST and ALP) and decreased CAT activities. Histological studies reveal alterations of hepatic structure including hepatocytic vacuolations, sinuosoidal congestion and loss of reticular fibres following lead treatment. Treatment with MO prevented and reversed lead induced hepatic damage. In conclusion, this study shows that Moringa oleifera leaf extract has an appreciable ability to prevent hepatotoxicity caused by lead, partly as result of its chemical constituents which has hepatoprotective properties.

Gender as an effect modifler in the relationship between hypertension and reticular pseudodrusen in patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To determine whether the prevalence of treated hypertension is higher among males or females with early/intermediate(e/i) age-related macular degeneration(AMD) with and without bilateral reticular pseudodrusen(RPD).METHODS: Retrospective review of the records of patients with e/iAMD who were recruited into the University of Colorado AMD registry between July 2014 and November 2019.Images were classified using the Beckman Initiative criteria and presence/absence of RPD.Patients were categorized into three groups: 1) e/iAMD with RPD;2) e/iAMD without RPD;3) control patients who did not have AMD.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for adjusted analysis with odds ratios(OR) and confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS: There were 260 patients with e/iAMD of which 101 had bilateral RPD and 159 had no RPD, and 221 controls.Overall, 62% of patients were female and the three groups did not differ by gender.When stratified by gender, the female e/iAMD/RPD group had a higher prevalence of hypertension, 64.1% vs 45.2% for controls, OR=2.2(95%CI: 1.2-4.0).The frequency of hypertension in the e/iAMD/no RPD group was 54.1% and did not significantly differ from the control group.Among males, prevalence rates of treated hypertension did not differ.There is a significant interaction of hypertension and gender for the e/iAMD/RPD group such that women with e/iAMD who had RPD were significantly more likely to have hypertension(P=0.042).This relationship was not significant in the e/iAMD/no RPD group(P=0.269).CONCLUSION: Among females treated hypertension is significantly higher among e/iAMD/RPD patients, whereas for males there is no significant association.

Human dermal reticular fibroblasts at confluence display a signature micro pattern <i>in vitro</i>

This paper sets out to demonstrate that scraping of the flat dorsal surface of human dermis with a scalpel blade and cell plating without centrifugation can lead to the recognition and identification of the individual packing micro pattern of dermal reticular fibroblasts at confluence. The characteristic alignment of papillary and reticular fibroblasts at right angles to each other led to the positive identification of reticular fibroblasts. A non-enzymatic means of sub-culturing (passaging), which yields fully functional, healthy cells with normal, phenotypic morphology is also described. Implications for published subcutaneous wound healing studies are discussed as well as the confluent reticular fibroblast configuration, interpreted as ananatomic site identity code,which may be the address of a specific fibroblast gene pattern expression.

Design of metal-organic frameworks for improving pseudo-solid-state magnesium-ion electrolytes:Open metal sites,isoreticular expansion,and framework topology

The design criteria for metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been established by evaluating the rela-tionship between their key characteristics and magnesium-ion conductivity based on three types of sec-ondary building blocks(Zn_(4)O(CO_(2))_(6):MOF-5 and MOF-177;Cu_(2)(CO_(2))4:MOF-199,MOF-143,MOF-14,and MOF-399;Cu_(2)O_(2)(CO_(2))2:Cu-MOF-74)to achieve pseudo-solid-state magnesium-ion conduction.We found that open-metal sites and channel layouts play a pivotal role in promoting magnesium-ion transport dy-namics at reduced activation energy,transforming MOF scaffolds into ionic-channel analogs.X-ray ab-sorption spectroscopy combined with Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy predicted the chemical environment,solvents,and anions that occupied coordinatively unsaturated metal sites.The chemical compositions of electrolytes determined by^(1)H-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)and organic elemental analysis confirmed that isoreticular expansion increases the molar percentage of charge carri-ers,providing high conductivity.The current research systematically reveals the impacts of different MOF characteristics on ionic conduction performance,paving the way for the construction of a new class of fast and selective multivalent-ion pseudo-solid electrolytes.

多中心性网状组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

报告1例多中心性网状组织细胞增生症,并进行文献复习,旨在为今后的临床诊治提供指导。患者女,43岁,因双手甲皱、前胸及耳郭多发暗红色结节4年,双手关节炎病史5年,全身系统检查未见淋巴结肿大和内脏占位。辅助检查:双手X线片:远节指间关节面下骨质欠光整,关节面骨质硬化。组织病理检查:真皮内组织细胞数目增多,并见多核巨细胞,细胞膜清楚,内含均匀细颗粒状物质,呈“毛玻璃”状,PAS(+)。免疫组化:组织细胞CD68阳性,S-100和CD1a阴性。诊断:多中心性网状组织细胞增生症。

Changes of sarcoplamic reticular Ca2+-ATPase and IP3-I receptor mRNA expression in patients with atrial fibrillation

Objective To investigate changes in the expression of sarcoplamic reticular Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) and IP 3 I receptors (IP 3R 1) mRNA in patients with atrial fibrillation Methods Thirty eight patients with mitral stenosis undergoing open heart surgery were studied 100 mg of atrial tissue was obtained during surgery from the right appendage and the right atrium The amount of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) amount of SERCA and IP 3R 1 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and normalized to the mRNA levels of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Results Levels of mRNA expression of SERCA in patients with AF, as compared with subjects in sinus rhythm, was lower and that of IP 3R 1 was higher The longer AF was sustained, the higher the levels of mRNA There was no significant difference between right atrial free wall and right appendage Conclusions The expression changes of SERCA and IP3R mRNA may correlate with the initiation or maintenance of AF

8%盐酸脱钙液处理骨髓组织时长与染色效果的探索

目的探索8%盐酸脱钙液处理骨髓组织不同时长的染色效果。方法收集骨髓组织活检标本180例,利用8%盐酸脱钙液分别在70 min,90 min,110 min处理骨髓组织,观察不同脱钙处理时长的骨髓组织HE染色、免疫组织化学染色(EnVision法染TdT、CD56、MPO)和特殊染色(Gomori网状纤维染色)效果。结果8%盐酸脱钙液处理90 min与70 min和110 min相比,骨髓组织石蜡切片组织结构保持较完整,HE染色后形态结构清晰可辨,对比度较好,免疫组化染色定位准确、背景清楚,网状纤维染色粗细清晰可辨。结论8%盐酸脱钙液对骨髓组织90 min脱钙效果较好。

Reticular chemistry in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction(ECR)represents a promising strategy for utilizing CO2,an industrial waste,as an abundant and cheap carbon source for organic synthesis as well as storing intermittent renewable electricity from renewable sources.Efficient electrocatalysts allowing CO2 to be reduced selectively and actively are crucial since the ECR is a complex and sluggish process producing a variety of products.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalentorganic frameworks(COFs)have emerged as versatile materials applicable in many fields due to their unique properties including high surface areas and tunable pore channels.Besides,the emerging reticular chemistry makes tuning their features on the atomic/molecular levels possible,thereby lending credence to the prospect of their utilizations.Herein,an overview of recent progress in employing framework material-based catalysts,including MOFs,COFs and their derivatives,for ECR is provided.The pertinent challenges,future trends,and opportunities associated with those systems are also discussed.

纤维混凝土力学性能和抗冻性能试验研究

试验研究了两种不同形态的聚丙烯纤维,即网状纤维和单丝纤维,其掺量分别在0.5 kg/m^(3)、1.0 m^(3)、1.5 kg/m^(3)的条件下,对C50混凝土力学性能和抗冻性能的影响。结果表明:当纤维掺量逐渐增加时,混凝土7 d强度出现先提升后降低的现象,但由于纤维的掺入,混凝土强度均大于基准组。混凝土28 d强度随着纤维掺量的增加,出现逐渐增大但增势变缓的现象,且网状纤维对力学性能的提升作用更加明显。在抗冻性能方面,相比单丝纤维,网状纤维混凝土质量损失率和相对弹性模量损失均较小,变化速率更缓慢。

紫外线诱导下的真皮成纤维细胞亚型改变及硅酸锌生物陶瓷对光损伤皮肤的修复作用

目的紫外线B(Ultraviolet B,UVB)对皮肤的损害包括破坏皮肤屏障功能、引发皮肤疾病以及促进恶性肿瘤的发生。真皮层的成纤维细胞(Fibroblasts,Fb)可分为真皮乳头层成纤维细胞(Papillary fibroblasts,Fp)与真皮网状层成纤维细胞(Reticular fibroblasts,Fr),在皮肤再生过程中扮演重要角色。本研究阐明光损伤会导致不同亚型Fb的改变,并针对这一靶点,寻找一种可以修复光损伤的治疗策略。方法构建皮肤光损伤小鼠模型,采集生物样本进行HE和Masson染色评估组织结构,DHE染色检测组织中活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,γH2AX染色标记DNA损伤的细胞,荧光染色Lrig1及Dlk1定性定量不同Fb亚型。另外,UVB诱导下培养Fb,流式细胞术检测Fb的表面标志物,qPCR检测胶原纤维合成分泌相关mRNA表达。在体外试验及体内光损伤模型中,分别应用ZnCS配制的离子溶液及装载ZnCS的微针贴片干预,进行Lrig1和DHE、γH2AX荧光染色。结果急性光损伤皮肤真皮层炎症细胞浸润,胶原纤维排列紊乱,ROS表达水平在表皮及真皮浅层显著增加,伴有真皮浅层Fp的DNA损伤更甚。与对照小鼠相比,光损伤皮肤真皮层Lrig1+Fb显著减少,Dlk1+Fb没有明显差异。Fb经UVB辐照后,流式检测示Fb中Lrig1+Fb比例明显减少,同时COL1A1表达下调,MMP3和MMP9表达上调;最后,硅酸盐生物陶瓷(ZnCS)促进Fp的增殖,ZnCS干预后,光损伤皮肤的ROS生成和损伤情况明显减轻。结论本研究首次发现Fp减少与光损伤进展有关;同时,对Fp增殖有促进作用的ZnCS对光损伤皮肤具有显著修复作用。

Discovery of Zr-based metal-organic polygon:Unveiling new design opportunities in reticular chemistry

Metal-based secondary building unit and the shape of organic ligands are the two crucial factors for determining the final topology of metal-organic materials.A careful choice of organic and inorganic structural building units occasionally produces unexpected structures,facilitating deeper fundamental understanding of coordination-driven self-assembly behind metal-organic materials.Here,we have synthesized a triangular metal-organic polygon(MOT-1),assembled from bulky tetramethyl terephthalate and Zr-based secondary building unit.Surprisingly,the Zr-based secondary building unit serves as an unusual ditopic Zr-connector,toform metal-organic polygon MOT-1,proven to be a good candidate for water adsorption with recyclability.This study highlights the interplay of the geometrically frustrated ligand and secondary building unit in controlling the connectivity of metal-organic polygon.Such a strategy can be further used to unveil a new class of metal-organic materials.

Reticular exploration of uranium-based metal-organic frameworks with hexacarboxylate building units

The rational reticular design of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)from building units of known geometries is essential for enriching the diversity of MOF structures.Unexpected and intriguing structures,however,can also arise from subtle changes in the rigidity/length of organic linkers and/or synthetic conditions.Herein,we report three uranium-based MOF structures—i.e.,NU-135X(X=0,1,2)—synthesized from trigonal planar uranyl nodes and triptycene-based hexacarboxylate ligands with variable arm lengths.A new chiral 3,6-connected nuc net was observed in NU-1350,while the extended versions of the ligand led to 3-fold catenated MOFs(NU-1351 and NU-1352)with rare 3,6-connected cml-c3 nets.The differences in the topology of NU-1350 and NU-1351/NU-1352 could be attributed to the slight distortions of the shorter linker in the former from the ideal trigonal prism geometry to an octahedral geometry when coordinated to the trigonal planar uranyl nodes.

湘江衡阳段网纹红土磁化率分布特征及其意义

为了探究湘江衡阳段网纹红土磁化率分布的特征及其对环境气候的指示意义,对采集的南郊89件、松涛90件样品进行了磁化率测量及分析,结果表明:(1)与黄土相比,衡阳盆地网纹红土磁化率值较低,因为在南方高温湿热的环境下,土壤中的强磁性矿物更容易被淋失和转换.(2)两个剖面顶部χfd值均大于10%,土壤中含有较多SP颗粒;松涛剖面网纹红土值部分χfd值小于5%,平均值为6.67%,土壤中可能不含或仅有少量SP颗粒.(3)衡阳盆地底部网纹层磁化率存在明显波动,这反映了衡阳盆地网纹红土成土时期气候冷暖交替,两个剖面χ_(lf)、χ_(hf)、χ_(fd)之间存在较强的相关关系,说明χ_(lf)、χ_(hf)、χ_(fd)对环境的指示意义比较一致.