Dry reusing and wet reclaiming of used sodium silicate sand

Based on the characteristics of used sodium silicate sand and the different use requirements for recycled sand, "dry reusing and wet reclaiming of used sodium silicate sand" is considered as the most suitable technique for the used sand. When the recycled sand is used as support sand, the used sand is only reused by dry process including breaking, screening, dust-removal, etc., and it is not necessary that the used sand is reclaimed with strongly rubbing and scraping method, but when the recycled sand is used as facing sand (or single sand), the used sand must be reclaimed by wet method for higher removal rate of the residual binders. The characteristics and the properties of the dry reused sand are compared with the wet reclaimed sand after combining the different use requirements of support sand and facing sand (or single sand), and above the most adaptive scheme has also been validated.

Subband adaptive filter with variable reusing order of coefficient vectors

To increase the convergence rate of the improved normalized subband adaptive filter,a simple but effective method is presented to change the reusing order of coefficient vectors of the adaptive filter. At the beginning of adaptation the algorithmjust uses its current coefficient vector to update the adaptive filter to maintain fast convergence rate,while in steady state it employs several most recent coefficient vectors to update the adaptive filter to reduce misalignment. Simulation results showthat the proposed algorithmcan obtain both fast convergence rate and small steady-state misalignment.

Assessment of Reusing Ferrochrome Slag Wastes in Mortar as SCMs

The demand for alternative cementitious materials is on the rise,as the cement causes huge energy consumption and produces greenhouse gas emission.Additionally,there is economic potential for the construction industry to reuse wastes as supplementary building materials.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of utilizing ferrochrome slag wastes in mortar as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs),thereby achieving this double-sided goal.Thus,the mechanical and physical properties of ferrochrome slag wastes were investigated to be used as admixtures in concrete production.Three different cement mortar specimens were prepared by replacing cement with ferrochrome slag in ratios of 0,30%,and 60% by mass and flexural and compressive strengths of the specimens were determined at the ages of 7,28,56,90,and 180 days.Also,the effects of the ferrochrome slag replacement ratio on workability,setting time and volume expansion were revealed.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were also investigated to study the microstructural properties of the specimens containing ferrochrome slag.Based on the results,it is concluded that ferrochrome slag wastes have pozzolanic activity,therefore reusing them as SCMs in the cement and concrete industry is convenient.

Study of the Possibility of Reusing Rain and Purified Water in the City of Fez, Morocco

The current work seeks firstly the integration of a rainwater reuse system that will be of use in the watering of the green spaces, and secondly the re-use of purified water in the irrigation of agriculture spaces, which are in the nearby of wastewater treatment plant. The results show that 41% of the green spaces in the city of Fez require a renovation and installation of adequate watering systems taking into account the specificity of the city which is crossed by several rivers badly exploited for watering. The purified wastewater is of much better quality than the Moroccan reuse standards and is discharged with a flow that is large enough for the irrigation water requirements of the fields close to wastewater treatment plant.

Reusing Test Cases Based on the Function Point

Reusing test cases from existing test case library is quite common in the software testing field. Testing practice tells us that there is a strong relationship between the granularity of a function unit under testing and that of the test case. A function unit with small granularity usually results in the test cases with the same small granularity. Therefore a test case defined as the function point,i. e.,the smallest size function unit,was provided for the first time.Though test cases with smaller granularity usually have better reusability,the cost of accurately reusing and integrating such test cases is also higher. In order to balance the test case reusability and the cost of test case reuse,a novel test case reuse model based on the function point was proposed in this paper. In this model,a reusable test case for specification-based testing was defined and some reuse strategies and three formal reuse methods were given. Finally,the complete automatic software process was realized by a reusing generation tool. The new method has improved reuse accuracy,while greatly enhances the software productivity.

Low power fast settling multi-standard current reusing CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer

A low power fast settling multi-standard CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer is proposed. The current reusing and frequency presetting techniques are adopted to realize the low power fast settling multi-standard fractional-N frequency synthesizer. An auxiliary non-volatile memory （NVM） is embedded to avoid the repetitive calibration process and to save power in practical application. This PLL is implemented in a 0.18 #m technology. The frequency range is 0.3 to 2.54 GHz and the settling time is less than 5 #s over the entire frequency range. The LC-VCO with the stacked divide-by-2 has a good figure of merit of-193.5 dBc/Hz. The measured phase noise of frequency synthesizer is about -115 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset when the carrier frequency is 2.4 GHz and the reference spurs are less than -52 dBc. The whole frequency synthesizer consumes only 4.35 mA @ 1.8 V.

The renascence of industrial historic buildings——Taking the protective remolding and reusing of Chenguang Mechanical Factory in Nanjing as an example

The protective remolding and reusing of industrial historic buildings and sites is regarded as a great scientific matter in today's urban development. Based on discussing its significance and value,this paper,taking a specific example,makes a systematic discussion on the design strategy and method from the aspects of overall planning,remolding the old buildings,designing the new buildings,etc.

Configuration Reusing in On-Line Task Scheduling for Reconfigurable Computing Systems

Reconfigurable computing systems can be reconfigured at runtime and support partial reconfigurability which makes us able to execute tasks in a true multitasking manner. To manage such systems at runtime, a reconfigurable operating system is needed. The main part of this operating system is resource management unit which performs on-line scheduling and placement of hardware tasks at runtime. Reconfiguration overhead is an important obstacle that limits the performance of on-line scheduling algorithms in reconfigurable computing systems and increases the overall execution time. Configuration reusing （task reusing） can decrease reconfiguration overhead considerably, particularly in periodic applications or the applications in which the probability of tasks recurrence is high. In this paper, we present a technique called reusing-based scheduling （RBS）, for on-line scheduling and placement in which configuration reusing is considered as a main characteristic in order to reduce reconfiguration overhead and decrease total execution time of the tasks. Several experiments have been conducted on the proposed algorithm. Obtained results show considerable improvement in overall execution time of the tasks.

Potential for energy conservation:A portable desktop paper reusing system for office waste paper

Renewable paper reusing plays a significant role in the sustainable environment under the background of the shortage in forest resources and the pollution from the paper industry.The conventional reusing stream of waste office paper appears to have low reusing rates while consuming massive amounts of energy in intermediate steps.In this study,we developed a novel portable renewable desktop paper reusing system based on font area detection and greyscale sensor.The proposed system consists of two main parts,namely,a greyscale sensor and font area detection model and a polishing mechanism.Acting as an ink mark detector for waste desktop paper,the greyscale sensor and font area detection model can detect the font in the waste desktop paper using an adaptive dynamic compensation schematic.The polishing mechanism will grind the font area of the wasted desktop paper,and this paper reusing processing is non-chemical,energy saving and environmentally friendly.The proposed system is demonstrated through simulations and experimental results,which show that the proposed renewable desktop paper reusing system is portable and is effective for reusing waste office paper in the office.An accuracy of 99.78%is demonstrated in the greyscale sensor and font area detection model,and the average reuse rate of one piece of paper is 2.52 times,verifying that the proposed portable system is effective and practical in renewable desktop paper reusing applications.

The museum method of reusing Shanghai waterfront industrial heritage:continuation and reconstruction of urban memory

In the context of transforming traditional labour-intensive industries into the service economy in China,the reuse of industrial heritage as museums has become a trend,for example,along Shanghai waterfronts,gradually fuelling the continuation of urban memory,reshaping urban cultural identity and promoting the development of the waterfront economy.Additionally,the connotation of a museum is continually being expanded from an institution to a method,and the major function is gradually shifting from collection to display.Previous studies on Shanghai waterfront industrial heritage have mostly referred to cultural factors,but these factors are still mainly included in macroscale large waterfront projects or microscale single practical project analyses.Mesoscale typology discussions between the two are rare.Therefore,this paper examines eleven industrial heritage sites that have been repurposed as museums along Shanghai waterfronts to analyse the urban memory elements of industrial heritage and summarise three classes of memory interpretation strategies:translating memory information,renovating memory carriers,and relating memory clues.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the study cases are discussed separately,and the following corresponding recommendations are made:1)further enrich and balance memory interpretation strategies;2)enhance the rationality,service,and tolerance of the“exhibition+”mode;and 3)improve local laws and regulations related to the protection and utilisation of industrial heritage to provide references for similar reuse designs.

WDM star single-hop network reusing wavelengths

An efficient scheme of wavelength reuse is presented for solving the capacity limitation of WDM star single-hop networks by limited wavelengths. According to this scheme, the nodes supported by the network can be at least doubled under limited wavelength numbers. Under the same number of nodes, the delay of network can be greatly lowered, the throughput of the network can be increased 1-3 times, and the properties of the network can be efficiently improved.

Reduction Discoloration of Reactive Dyed Cotton Waste and Chemical Recycling via Ionic Liquid

The textile industry generates large volumes of waste throughout its production process.Most of this waste is colored,therefore,discoloration is an important step toward recycling and reusing this waste.This study focused on the chemical reductive discoloration of textile waste composed of cotton dyed with reactive dye.The experimental design demonstrated the significant influence of the concentration of reducing agent and time of reaction on the degree of whiteness of the cotton fibers.The concentration of the alkaline agent was not significant in the process.The optimization of the reaction conditions lead to Berger degree of 50.5±3.5.The discolored cotton was chemically recycled through dissolution in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and regeneration in film form in water.The microstructure of the regenerated cellulose films was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)indicating complete dissolution and uniform regeneration.The discoloration process reduced the polymerization degree and crystallinity index of the cotton fibers but retained the cellulose I structure.The dissolution and cellulose regeneration process results in transparent films with an amorphous structure.The thermal behavior,evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis,indicated that residues and regenerated film presented a main decomposition step.The maximum decomposition rate temperature of the regenerated films was approximately 40℃lower than the cotton fibers,which correlates well with the reduction in polymerization degree and amorphous structure.In general,the study demonstrated that textile cotton waste dyed with reactive dyes can be chemically discolored to form transparent and amorphous films,contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for the textile industry.

Characterization, preparation, and reuse of metallic powders for laser powder bed fusion: a review

Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF) has attracted significant attention in both the industry and academic fields since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate complex-shaped metallic components. The printing quality and performance of L-PBF alloys are infuenced by numerous variables consisting of feedstock powders, manufacturing process,and post-treatment. As the starting materials, metallic powders play a critical role in infuencing the fabrication cost, printing consistency, and properties. Given their deterministic roles, the present review aims to retrospect the recent progress on metallic powders for L-PBF including characterization, preparation, and reuse. The powder characterization mainly serves for printing consistency while powder preparation and reuse are introduced to reduce the fabrication costs.Various powder characterization and preparation methods are presented in the beginning by analyzing the measurement principles, advantages, and limitations. Subsequently, the effect of powder reuse on the powder characteristics and mechanical performance of L-PBF parts is analyzed, focusing on steels, nickel-based superalloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. The evolution trends of powders and L-PBF parts vary depending on specific alloy systems, which makes the proposal of a unified reuse protocol infeasible. Finally,perspectives are presented to cater to the increased applications of L-PBF technologies for future investigations. The present state-of-the-art work can pave the way for the broad industrial applications of L-PBF by enhancing printing consistency and reducing the total costs from the perspective of powders.

Efficient desorption and reuse of collector from the flotation concentrate:A case study of scheelite

Flotation is the most common method to obtain concentrate through the selective adsorption of collectors on target minerals to make them hydrophobic and floatable.In the hydrometallurgy of concentrate,collectors adsorbed on concentrate can damage ion-exchange resin and increase the chemical oxygen demand(COD)value of wastewater.In this work,we proposed a new scheme,i.e.,desorbing the collectors from concentrate in ore dressing plant and reusing them in flotation flowsheet.Lead nitrate and benzohydroxamic acid(Pb-BHA)complex is a common collector in scheelite flotation.In this study,different physical(stirring or ultrasonic waves)and chemical(strong acid or alkali environment)methods for facilitating the desorption of Pb-BHA collector from scheelite concentrate were explored.Single-mineral desorption tests showed that under the condition of pulp pH 13 and ultrasonic treatment for 15 min,the highest desorption rates of Pb and BHA from the scheelite concentrate were 90.48%and 63.75%,respectively.Run-of-mine ore flotation tests revealed that the reuse of desorbed Pb and BHA reduced the collector dosage by 30%for BHA and 25%for Pb.The strong alkali environment broke the chemical bonds between Pb and BHA.The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves effectively reduced the interaction intensity between Pb-BHA collector and scheelite surfaces.This method combining ultrasonic waves and strong alkali environment can effectively desorb the collectors from concentrate and provide“clean”scheelite concentrate for metallurgic plants;the reuse of desorbed collector in flotation flowsheet can reduce reagent cost for ore dressing plants.

Dewatering of Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation Substrate with Microfiltration:Potential and Challenges for Water Reuse and Effective Harvesting

In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous advantages.This study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(S.obliquus)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale conditions.In particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting system.In a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water productivity.The selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for S.obliquus growth in a pilot-scale photobioreactor.The investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation medium.Finally,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.

A GAN-EfficientNet-Based Traceability Method for Malicious Code Variant Families

Due to the diversity and unpredictability of changes in malicious code,studying the traceability of variant families remains challenging.In this paper,we propose a GAN-EfficientNetV2-based method for tracing families of malicious code variants.This method leverages the similarity in layouts and textures between images of malicious code variants from the same source and their original family of malicious code images.The method includes a lightweight classifier and a simulator.The classifier utilizes the enhanced EfficientNetV2 to categorize malicious code images and can be easily deployed on mobile,embedded,and other devices.The simulator utilizes an enhanced generative adversarial network to simulate different variants of malicious code and generates datasets to validate the model’s performance.This process helps identify model vulnerabilities and security risks,facilitating model enhancement and development.The classifier achieves 98.61%and 97.59%accuracy on the MMCC dataset and Malevis dataset,respectively.The simulator’s generated image of malicious code variants has an FID value of 155.44 and an IS value of 1.72±0.42.The classifier’s accuracy for tracing the family of malicious code variants is as high as 90.29%,surpassing that of mainstream neural network models.This meets the current demand for high generalization and anti-obfuscation abilities in malicious code classification models due to the rapid evolution of malicious code.

The Conversion of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluids

Different drillingfluid systems are designed according to mineral composition,lithology and wellbore stability of different strata.In the present study,the conversion of a non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid into a low potas-sium anti-collapsing drillingfluid is investigated.Since the two drillingfluids belong to completely different types,the key to this conversion is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingfluid can be turned into a dispersed drillingfluid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are used.The former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the viscosity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce thefiltrate loss.The results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid,while the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,structural viscosity andfluidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and thefiltration loss decreased significantly,thereby indicating good compatibility.According to the tests(conducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was 0.51.Moreover,thefiltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling recovery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-collapse performances.

Development of Localized Assessment of Municipal Wastewater Disposal Risks

A means to develop a comparative assessment of the risks of available wastewater effluent disposal options on a local scale needs to be developed to help local decision-makers make decisions on options such as direct or indirect potable reuse options. These options have garnered more interest as a result of water supply limitations in many urban areas. This risk assessment was developed from a risk assessment developed at the University of Miami in 2001 and Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in 2023. Direct potable reuse and injection wells were deemed to have the lowest risk in the most recent study by FAU. However, the injection well option may not be available everywhere. As a result, a more local means to assess exposure risk is needed. This paper outlines the process to evaluate the public health risks associated with available disposal alternatives which may be very limited in some areas. The development of exposure pathways can help local decision-makers define the challenges, and support later expert level analysis upon which public health decisions are based.

Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human health and environmental risks, this practice is a meaningful option in the water supply portfolio for many utilities.

Nag Mohashoy Temple Complex,Narayanganj:A Case Study of Adaptive Reuse for Hindu Religious Site

With an emphasis on the religious component of reuse potentiality,this study investigates the crucial nexus between spatial development and the conservation model for religious practice with socio-communal dimensions.Adaptive reuse is a critical tactic for global preservation and revitalization to elevate heritage sites in culturally significant locations but provides contemporary functions to them simultaneously.This study examines the various facets of adaptive reuse concerning the religious cultural heritage of suppressed minorities,stressing its insight and importance including the inherent cultural worth of ancient structures and difficulties through creative solutions to modify the temple with modern purposes.The research methodology approaches through an extensive analysis of the literature and case studies and ends with design interventions.It looks into the socioeconomic advantages of adaptive reuse in religious practice,such as the promotion of pilgrimage tourism,community revitalization,and sustainable development.The possible findings will emphasize the conversation on sustainable heritage management by combining theoretical frameworks with practical discoveries as an architectural project with certain concepts.