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Indirect neutron radiography experiment on dummy nuclear fuel rods for pressurized water reactors at CMRR
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作者 Yong Sun Qi-Biao Wang +11 位作者 Peng-Cheng Li Ming Xia Bin Liu He-Yong Huo Wei Yin Yang Wu Sheng Wang Chao Cao Xin Yang Run-Dong Li Hang Li Bin Tang 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期13-27,共15页
Nuclear energy is a vital source of clean energy that will continue to play an essential role in global energy production for future generations.Nuclear fuel rods are core components of nuclear power plants,and their ... Nuclear energy is a vital source of clean energy that will continue to play an essential role in global energy production for future generations.Nuclear fuel rods are core components of nuclear power plants,and their safe utilization is paramount.Due to its inherent high radioactivity,indirect neutron radiography(INR)is currently the only viable technology for irradiated nuclear fuel rods in the field of energy production.This study explores the experimental technique of indirect neutron computed tomography(INCT)for radioactive samples.This project includes the development of indium and dysprosium conversion screens of different thicknesses and conducts resolution tests to assess their performance.Moreover,pressurized water reactor(PWR)dummy nuclear fuel rods have been fabricated by self-developing substitute materials for cores and outsourcing of mechanical processing.Experimental research on the INR is performed using the developed dummy nuclear fuel rods.The sparse reconstruction technique is used to reconstruct the INR results of 120 pairs of dummy nuclear fuel rods at different angles,achieving a resolution of 0.8 mm for defect detection using INCT. 展开更多
关键词 Conversion screen DYSPROSIUM Indirect neutron computed tomography Dummy nuclear fuel rods
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Review of Computational Approaches to Optimization Problems in Inhomogeneous Rods and Plates
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作者 Weitao Chen Chiu-Yen Kao 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 EI 2024年第1期236-256,共21页
In this paper,we review computational approaches to optimization problems of inhomogeneous rods and plates.We consider both the optimization of eigenvalues and the localization of eigenfunctions.These problems are mot... In this paper,we review computational approaches to optimization problems of inhomogeneous rods and plates.We consider both the optimization of eigenvalues and the localization of eigenfunctions.These problems are motivated by physical problems including the determination of the extremum of the fundamental vibration frequency and the localization of the vibration displacement.We demonstrate how an iterative rearrangement approach and a gradient descent approach with projection can successfully solve these optimization problems under different boundary conditions with different densities given. 展开更多
关键词 Inhomogeneous rods and plates Bi-Laplacian Optimization of eigenvalues Localization of eigenfunctions REARRANGEMENT
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Numerical Analysis of Steady Smoldering of Biomass Rods
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作者 Zhao Wentao Yu Guangxin +3 位作者 Zhang Yi Wang Youtang Zhou Dan He Fang 《燃烧科学与技术》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期507-519,共13页
Understanding the steady mechanism of biomass smoldering plays a great role in the utilization of smoldering technology.In this study numerical analysis of steady smoldering of biomass rods was performed.A two-dimensi... Understanding the steady mechanism of biomass smoldering plays a great role in the utilization of smoldering technology.In this study numerical analysis of steady smoldering of biomass rods was performed.A two-dimensional(2D)steady model taking into account both char oxidation and pyrolysis was developed on the basis of a calculated propagation velocity according to empirical correlation.The model was validated against the smoldering experiment of biomass rods under natural conditions,and the maximum error was smaller than 31%.Parameter sensitivity analysis found that propagation velocity decreases significantly while oxidation area and pyrolysis zone increase significantly with the increasing diameter of rod fuel. 展开更多
关键词 steady smoldering biomass rod numerical analysis 2D steady model sensitivity analysis
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Linear-Polarization Optical Property of CdSe Quantum Rods 被引量:4
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作者 张秀文 夏建白 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第12期2094-2100,共7页
The linear-polarization optical property of CdSe quantum rods is studied in the framework of effectivemass envelope function theory. The effects of shape and magnetic field on the linear polarization factors are inves... The linear-polarization optical property of CdSe quantum rods is studied in the framework of effectivemass envelope function theory. The effects of shape and magnetic field on the linear polarization factors are investigated. It is found that CdSe quantum spheres have negative polarization factors (xy-polarized emission)and quantum long rods with small radius have positive linear polarization factors (z-polarized emission). The z-direction is the direction of the c axis. Quantum long rods with large radius have negative linear polarization factors,due to the hexagonal crystal symmetry and the crystal field splitting energy. The linear polarization factors decrease and may change from a positive value to a negative value;i, e. ,the z-polarized emissions decrease relative to xy-polarized emissions as the magnetic field applied along the z direction increases. 展开更多
关键词 quantum rods linear oolarization. CdSe
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Anti-rods/rings autoantibody generation in hepatitis Cpatients during interferon-α/ribavirin therapy 被引量:4
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作者 Gerson Dierley Keppeke S John Calise +1 位作者 Edward KL Chan Luis Eduardo C Andrade 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2016年第6期1966-1974,共9页
Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection can lead to disabling liver diseases with progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent availability of more effe... Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection can lead to disabling liver diseases with progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent availability of more effective and less toxic therapeutic options, in most parts of the world the standard treatment consists of a weekly injection of pegylated interferon α(IFN-α) together with a daily dose of ribavirin. HCV patients frequently present circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies demonstrating a variety of staining patterns in the indirect immunofluorescence assay for antinuclear antibodies(ANA). Between 20% to 40% of HCV patients treated with IFN-α and ribavirin develop autoantibodies showing a peculiar ANA pattern characterized as rods and rings(RR) structures. The aim of this article is to review the recent reports regarding RR structures and anti-rods/rings(antiRR) autoantibody production by HCV patients after IFN-α/ribavirin treatment. Anti-RR autoantibodies first appear around the sixth month of treatment and reach a plateau around the twelfth month. After treatment completion, anti-RR titers decrease/disappear in half the patients and remain steady in the other half. Some studies have observed a higher frequency of anti-RR antibodies in relapsers, i.e., patients in which circulating virus reappears after initially successful therapy. The main target of anti-RR autoantibodies in HCV patients is inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2(IMPDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the guanosine triphosphate biosynthesis pathway. Ribavirin is a direct IMPDH2 inhibitor and is able to induce the formation of RR structures in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these observations led to the hypothesis that anti-RR autoantibody production is a human model of immunologic tolerance breakdown that allows us to explore the humoral autoimmune response from the beginning of the putative triggering event: exposure to ribavirin and interferon. 展开更多
关键词 rods and RINGS AUTOANTIBODIES Hepatitis C RIBAVIRIN INTERFERON-Α
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Use of a plane jet for flow-induced noise reduction of tandem rods 被引量:4
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作者 赵鲲 杨希祥 +1 位作者 Patrick N Okolo 张为华 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第6期270-278,共9页
Unsteady wake from upstream components of landing gear impinging on downstream components could be a strong noise source.The use of a plane jet is proposed to reduce this flow-induced noise.Tandem rods with different ... Unsteady wake from upstream components of landing gear impinging on downstream components could be a strong noise source.The use of a plane jet is proposed to reduce this flow-induced noise.Tandem rods with different gap widths were utilized as the test body.Both acoustic and aerodynamic tests were conducted in order to validate this technique.Acoustic test results proved that overall noise emission from tandem rods could be lowered and tonal noise could be removed with use of the plane jet.However,when the plane jet was turned on,in some frequency range it could be the subsequent main contributor instead of tandem rods to total noise emission whilst in some frequency range rods could still be the main contributor.Moreover,aerodynamic tests fundamentally studied explanations for the noise reduction.Specifically,not only impinging speed to rods but speed and turbulence level to the top edge of the rear rod could be diminished by the upstream plane jet.Consequently,the vortex shedding induced by the rear rod was reduced,which was confirmed by the speed,Reynolds stress as well as the velocity fluctuation spectral measured in its wake.This study confirmed the potential use of a plane jet towards landing gear noise reduction. 展开更多
关键词 plane jet tandem rods flow-induced noise reduction vortex shedding
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Singularity Theory on Buckling of Compressible Slender Rods with Deformation of Cross Section 被引量:2
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作者 张义同 熊成安 谢宇新 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2006年第2期79-83,共5页
The crucial effect of compressibility of rods on their instability is novelly demonstrated via singularity theory. It is shown that the critical load of compressible rod is always greater than the one of the Euler rod... The crucial effect of compressibility of rods on their instability is novelly demonstrated via singularity theory. It is shown that the critical load of compressible rod is always greater than the one of the Euler rod, and a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation, which cannot occur for the Euler rod, may occur for a compressible rod. A whole bifurcation diagram of compressible rods is as follows : when the original slenderness ratio of a compressible rod, $o is smaller than (1 + v/3 √3π/2,, the rod does not buckle; when So∈ [1+ v/3)3√3π/2 ,(1+v/5)5 5√5π/4),the rod may undergo a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation and a collapse may occur; when So ∈ [1+ v/5)5√5π/4 + ∞), the rod may undergo a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. The deformation of cross section of rods causes a little shift of bifurcation points towards to the one corresponding to larger slenderness ratio. 展开更多
关键词 singularity theory BUCKLING STABILITY compressible slender rods
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Photo-induced flexible semiconductor CdSe/CdS quantum rods alignment 被引量:1
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作者 Wanlong Zhang Julian Schneider +4 位作者 Maksym F.Prodanov Valerii V.Vashchenko Andrey L.Rogach Xiaocong Yuan Abhishek K.Srivastava 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第9期83-89,共7页
The anisotropic absorption and emission from semiconductor CdSe/CdS quantum rods(QRs)provide extra benefits among other photoluminescence nanocrystals.Using photo-induced alignment technique,the QRs can be oriented in... The anisotropic absorption and emission from semiconductor CdSe/CdS quantum rods(QRs)provide extra benefits among other photoluminescence nanocrystals.Using photo-induced alignment technique,the QRs can be oriented in liquid crystal polymer matrix at a large scale.In this article,a 2D Dammann grating pattern,within“SKL”characters domains aligned QRs in composite film,was fabricated by multi-step photo exposure using several photo masks,and a continuous geometric lens profile pattern aligned QRs was realized by the single step polarization converting holographic irradiation method.Both polarized optical microscope and fluorescence microscope are employed to determine the liquid crystal director profiles and QRs anisotropic excitation properties.We have been able to orient the QRs in fine binary and continuous patterns that confirms the strong quantum rod aligning ability of the proposed method.Thus,the proposed approach paves a way for photoinduced flexible QRs alignments to provide a highly specific and difficult-to-replicate security application at a large scale. 展开更多
关键词 quantum rods photo alignment liquid crystal flexible alignment polarized emission
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Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Double Push Rods Electromechanical Converter
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作者 Xuping Wang Long Quan +1 位作者 Shiyi Luan Xiaoqing Xu 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第4期116-126,共11页
Due to the influence of material characteristics and winding power, single output electromagnet has limited ability to improve the dynamic characteristic of electro-hydraulic valve. Therefore, an electromechanical con... Due to the influence of material characteristics and winding power, single output electromagnet has limited ability to improve the dynamic characteristic of electro-hydraulic valve. Therefore, an electromechanical converter with double push rods is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously output two electromagnetic forces, can push or pull the valve core and sleeve according to the current direction and realize rapid operation of load. According to the electromagnetic principle and the magnetic circuit analysis method, the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are established. Through the finite element simulation model of the electromechanical converter with double push rods with the same magnetization directions, the changing rules of its magnetic field distribution and force–displacement behaviors are studied and analyzed. According to the analysis results, the electromagnetic mechanical parameters and mechanical structure of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are determined, and the prototype is made. The test platform for the push-pull characteristics of the electromechanical converter with double push rods is built, and its static and dynamic characteristics are tested and analyzed. The results show that the thrust and pull output characteristics of the internal and external push rods are basically consistent with the simulation output, and proportional to the current density of the coil;the push-pull hysteresis of internal and external push rods output force is less than 5%;and the dynamic time response characteristics of the displacement and force are obtained. The hysteresis e ect of output force is improved e ectively through the H bridge drive control circuit modulated by PWM. Compared with the displacement response of a singlewinding electromagnet with a similar volume, it can e ectively improve the dynamic displacement response. Followup work will further optimize the structure of the electromechanical converter and test the corresponding pilot valve. The research results provide a new theory for improving the output characteristics of electro-hydraulic pilot valve and have an extremely high engineering application value and broad application prospect. 展开更多
关键词 Moving coil motor DOUBLE PUSH rods ELECTROMAGNET Proportional SOLENOID valve Response characteristics
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Comparative evaluation of boron distribution from ulexite,colemanite and DOT rods in Scots pine wood
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作者 Saip Nami Kartal Evren Terzi +3 位作者 Aysel Kanturk Figen Melek Cordan Secil Aydin Sabriye Piskin 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第1期419-426,共8页
This study evaluated boron diff usion from rods made of raw boron minerals,ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility,in comparison with di-sodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)sapw... This study evaluated boron diff usion from rods made of raw boron minerals,ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility,in comparison with di-sodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)sapwood and heartwood blocks were conditioned to target moisture contents of 30%,60%,and 90%.The rods were inserted into the blocks through treatment holes and boron diff usion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7,30,60 and 90-day-incubation at room temperature.Ethylene glycol was also inserted into the holes to improve boron diff usion.Boron levels increased with increased wood moisture content.With some exceptions,boron in the assay zones did not tend to follow consistent amount gradients with distance from the treatment hole.Boron levels from ulexite rods were higher than those from colemanite rods,with DOT rods with the highest diff usion rates as a result of higher water solubility of DOT than ulexite and colemanite.The results suggest that ulexite-based rods may be useful inthe presence of ethylene glycol in sapwood when wood is at high moisture content for extended periods. 展开更多
关键词 Boron rods Remedial ULEXITE COLEMANITE Distribution DOT
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Release of Nestorone from Biodegradable Rods System in vitro
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作者 曹成波 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2010年第1期4-7,共4页
To study the controlled effect of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly lactic-coglycolic (PLGA) and ethylenediamine (EDA)-maleic anhydride (MAH) modified PLA (EMPLA) for in vitro release of nestorone, rods were ... To study the controlled effect of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly lactic-coglycolic (PLGA) and ethylenediamine (EDA)-maleic anhydride (MAH) modified PLA (EMPLA) for in vitro release of nestorone, rods were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Amount of drug release in vitro was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Effects of rods diameter, the molecular weight of PLA, the drug percentage and the hydrophilicity of polymers on the release of biodegradable nestorone rods in vitro were investigated. It is indicated that the controlled effect of the biodegradable rods for the release of nestorone in vitro is good. The amount of drug released every week from rods in different diameter is similar to one another. The amount of drug released every week and the accumulative drug released during 12 week were almost in direct proportion with the drug percentage of the rods. The amount of drug released every week is increased as the decreasing of PLA molecular weight. As the hydrophlicity of polymer is improved, the rate of drug release every week is accelerated. The studies show that the plausibility of controlled release of nestorone from PLA, PLGA and EMPLA rods imply the possibility of their application as a controlled delivery system for nestorone. The results show that the greater the molecular weight of PLA is, the slower its degradation is and the slower the drug released; the greater the percentage of nestorone is, the more quickly the drug release. An increase of the hydrophilicity of the polymers will increase their degradation rate and leads to a fast drug release. Anyhow, these rods systems should be further evaluated in vivo. 展开更多
关键词 nestorone PLA PLGA EMPLA rods in vitro release
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Growing spine deformities: Are magnetic rods the final answer?
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作者 Ashok N Johari Amit S Nemade 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2017年第4期295-300,共6页
Treatment paradigms for Early Onset Scoliosis have changed from fusion to fusionless methods as the harmful effects of early fusion on the growing spine and thorax were realized. Magnetic rods are a recent addition to... Treatment paradigms for Early Onset Scoliosis have changed from fusion to fusionless methods as the harmful effects of early fusion on the growing spine and thorax were realized. Magnetic rods are a recent addition to fusionless technology for controlling scoliosis in a growing spine. The clinical evidence base on magnet driven growth rods(MDGR) has accumulated over the last 4 years. It has implications for reduction in the number of repeat surgeries required with similar complications as the traditional growth rods(TGR) and at a higher initial cost. However in terms of patient psyche and avoidance of repeat surgeries which are necessary with the TGR, MDGR treatment works out less expensive in the long run with definitely better patient comfort. The authors look at the available literature coupled with their own experience to discuss the current status, limitations and future prospects for this type of technology. 展开更多
关键词 GROWING SPINE Magnet driven GROWTH rods MAGNETIC GROWTH rods GROWTH rods Early Onset Scoliosis
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Research on Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt(WC-Co) Cemented Carbide Rods of Miniature Drills for Highly Integrated Printed Circuit Board(PCB)
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作者 Xiaoliang SHI, Gangqin SHAO, Xinglong DUAN and Runzhang YUAN State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis & Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第3期353-356,共4页
Nanocrystalline tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite powders produced through spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction and carburization technology were used to prepare φ3.25 mm×38 mm ultrafine tung... Nanocrystalline tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite powders produced through spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction and carburization technology were used to prepare φ3.25 mm×38 mm ultrafine tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) cemented carbide rods through vacuum sintering plus sinterhip technology. The microstructure, Vickers hardness, density and Rockwell A hardness (HRA), transverse rupture strength (TRS), saturated magnetization and coercivity force were tested. The results show that the average grain size of the sintering body prepared through vacuum sintering plus sinterhip technology was 430 nm; transverse rupture strength (TRS) was 3850 MPa; Vickers hardness was 1890 and Rockwell A hardness of sintering body was 93. High strength and high hardness ultrafine WC-Co cemented carbide rods used to manufacture printed circuit board (PCB) drills were obtained. 展开更多
关键词 NANOCRYSTALLINE Composite powder Cemented carbide rods
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Pull-out Behaviour of Axially Loaded Screwed-in Threaded Rods Embedded in CLT Elements: Experimental Study
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作者 Huifeng Yang Junfeng Ji +3 位作者 Haotian Tao Benkai Shi Junbin Hu Bo Wen 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 SCIE EI 2022年第1期105-117,共13页
Experimental investigation on the pull-out behaviour,including the withdrawal capacity,slip stiffness and inter-facial shear stress,of axially loaded screwed-in threaded rod embedded in cross laminated timber(CLT)was ... Experimental investigation on the pull-out behaviour,including the withdrawal capacity,slip stiffness and inter-facial shear stress,of axially loaded screwed-in threaded rod embedded in cross laminated timber(CLT)was con-ducted.Specimens with varying embedment length and different number of threaded rods were tested in this study.To prevent premature splitting failure of timber,some specimens were reinforced in the direction perpen-dicular to the timber grain with self-tapping screws.Test results showed that the screwed-in threaded rod con-nections exhibited good pull-out behaviour with high withdrawal capacity and slip stiffness.Within a certain range,the withdrawal capacity increases considerably with the increase of embedment length,while the average interfacial shear stress shows the opposite tendency.The self-tapping screws played an important role on reducing the splitting of the timber and improving the withdrawal capacity and slip stiffness of the screwed-in threaded rod.Additionally,for the specimens with self-tapping screw reinforcements,the improvement of withdrawal capacity and stiffness when increasing the number of threaded rods are much more obvious than that of the speci-mens without the self-tapping screws,due to the change of failure modes. 展开更多
关键词 Threaded rods screwed-in pull-out behaviour timber structure experimental study
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BUCKLING OF SPATIAL CURVED RODS WITH CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTIONS
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作者 TANMei-lan WANGXin-wei 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2004年第4期258-262,共5页
Formulae for determining Green strain of an initially curved and twisted rod with circular cross-sections are derived by using the natural (curvilinear) coordinate system. Finite element analyses are performed for the... Formulae for determining Green strain of an initially curved and twisted rod with circular cross-sections are derived by using the natural (curvilinear) coordinate system. Finite element analyses are performed for the flexural buckling of initially curved and twisted thin rods under simultaneous action of axial force and torque. Numerical examples demonstrate that the given formulae are correcte. Some numerical results are compared with existing analytical solutions and data obtained by commercial FE software. The convergence of the proposed curved element is better than that of elements in the commercial FE software. It is shown that good accuracy and convergency are achieved by solving three-dimensional problems. 展开更多
关键词 finite elements BUCKLING Green strain displacement functions spatial curved rods
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Diode-pumped tunable laser with dual Cr:LiSAF rods
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作者 谢国强 王韬 +1 位作者 朱鹤元 钱列加 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第3期547-551,共5页
We propose and demonstrate a simple approach to lower the thermal quenching effect and improve the output power of Cr:LiSAF lasers, which is accomplished by employing two laser rods. The resonator contains two laser ... We propose and demonstrate a simple approach to lower the thermal quenching effect and improve the output power of Cr:LiSAF lasers, which is accomplished by employing two laser rods. The resonator contains two laser rods and is designed by using two "X" folding cavities in cascade. A tunable laser output of ~ 180 mW has been achieved with the pump of single-striped laser diodes. Compared with lasers using single gain rod, the laser with dual rods shows less severe thermal effect and increases the output by more than two times. 展开更多
关键词 dual laser rods combined cavity tunable laser
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SUBSPACE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF RODS AND SHELLS
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作者 郑泉水 杨德品 宋固全 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 1992年第11期1023-1030,共8页
This paper builds the general forms of subspace variational principles of rods and shells which are taken as the controlled equations of the constitutive theories developed front the three-dimensional (non-polar) cont... This paper builds the general forms of subspace variational principles of rods and shells which are taken as the controlled equations of the constitutive theories developed front the three-dimensional (non-polar) continuum mechanics. And the constitutive equations of rods and shells using the principles are satisfactory. 展开更多
关键词 theory of rods and shells subspace variational principle constitutive equations
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Preparation and Properties of Self-reinforced L-and D,L-lactide Copolymer Rods
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《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2000年第11期1023-1026,共4页
关键词 DL Preparation and Properties of Self-reinforced L-and D L-lactide Copolymer rods PLLA
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A 60 W Tm:YLF Laser with Triple Tm:YLF Rods
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作者 朱国利 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第9期66-69,共4页
A narrow linewidth stable high-power continuous-wave 3.5% Tin3+ doped LiYF4 (Tm:YLF) laser is reported. By using dual F P etalons and three Tm:YLF rods in a cavity, laser output of ~60 W at 1907.7nm is obtained w... A narrow linewidth stable high-power continuous-wave 3.5% Tin3+ doped LiYF4 (Tm:YLF) laser is reported. By using dual F P etalons and three Tm:YLF rods in a cavity, laser output of ~60 W at 1907.7nm is obtained with a slope efficiency of 34.8%. The M2 factor is found to be ~2.0 under an output power of 30 W. In addition, the relaxation oscillation and efficiency of the Tm:YLF laser are also studied. The relaxation oscillation of the Tm:YLF laser is improved obviously by setting the ratio of pump beam to oscillating laser beam as ~1.5:1 and the efficiency is increased in comparison with the ratio of ~1.3:1. 展开更多
关键词 TM A 60 W Tm:YLF Laser with Triple Tm:YLF rods
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Loop Ileostomy and Colostomy—A Comparison between Supporting Plastic Rods and Epicutaneous or Subcutaneous Silicon Drains
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作者 Mike Ralf Langenbach Stefan Sauerland +2 位作者 Eiyad Issa Claudia Nitschke Hubert Zirngibl 《Surgical Science》 2011年第5期252-256,共5页
Purpose: Beside the conventional plastic rods, different techniques and materials have been proposed in the last years to prevent the loop from retraction into the abdominal cavity. The aim of this retrospective compa... Purpose: Beside the conventional plastic rods, different techniques and materials have been proposed in the last years to prevent the loop from retraction into the abdominal cavity. The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to assess three different techniques of loop support. Methods: The study included 65 pa- tients who had loop ileostomy or colostomy formed. Depending on the decision of the operating surgeon, one of three techniques was chosen to fixate the stoma loop: an epicutaneous plastic rod (group 1, n = 14), an epicutaneous suture-fixated silicone drain (group 2, n = 27), or a subcutaneous silicone drain (group 3, n = 24). Results: The majority of patients (85%) received loop ileostomy. Pain intensity was significantly (p = 0.0014) different among the three groups. A total of 19 patients (30%) suffered a complication. There was a tendency towards less complications if the stoma was secured by a silicone drain with epicutaneous fixation. Comfort with stoma care was significantly different, with group 3 experiencing the best results. Conclusions: Using a subcutaneously tunnelled silicon drain as a stoma bridge results in less complications, less pain and higher satisfaction as compared to the conventional plastic rod. Conventional plastic rods should be avoided. 展开更多
关键词 ILEOSTOMY COLOSTOMY DRAINS PLASTIC rods
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