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Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves 被引量:1
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作者 Shengyang Xu Chong Jiao +1 位作者 Qiyu Diao Yan Tu 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期396-411,共16页
Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fer... Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves. 展开更多
关键词 Average daily gain CALVES Preweaning period rumen microbiota
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Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea
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作者 Pedro Romero Alejandro Belanche +5 位作者 Elisabeth Jiménez Rafael Hueso Eva Ramos-Morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab David R.Yáñez-Ruiz 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期412-426,共15页
Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degrada... Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is diet-dependent.An in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%DM diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(HC)and high-forage diet(HF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr_(3) into dibromomethane(CH_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation parameters.Additionally,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(Methanobrevibacter smithii,Methanobrevibacter ruminantium,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,Methanosarcina barkeri,Methanobrevibacter millerae,Methanorhermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased CH_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h incubation.The concentrations of CHBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of incubation.On the contrary,CH_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the incubation.Neither CHBr_(3) degradation nor CH_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)degradation.The in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of M.smithii,M.ruminantium,M.stadtmanae,M.barkeri,M.millerae,M.wolfei,and M.mobile.Conclusions The present work demonstrated that CHBr_(3) from A.taxiformis is quickly degraded to CH_(2)Br_(2)in the rumen and that the fermentation rate promoted by different diets is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)degradation. 展开更多
关键词 Bromoform metabolism Dibromomethane metabolism Methane mitigation METHANOGENS rumen microbiota SEAWEED
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Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle
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作者 Jianmin Chai Caleb P.Weiss +3 位作者 Paul A.Beck Wei Zhao Ying Li Jiangchao Zhao 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期733-748,共16页
Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal stud... Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage.Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage. 展开更多
关键词 Beef cattle DIET Feedlot phase MONENSIN Next-generation sequencing rumen microbiota Stocker
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Supplementation of Lycium barbarum residue increases the growth rate of Tan sheep by enhancing their feed intake and regulating their rumen microbiome and metabolome
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作者 Yajun Zhang Xiao Chang +5 位作者 Bing Wang Dawei Wei Rongzhen Zhong Yansheng Guo Min Du Guijie Zhang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第9期3129-3144,共16页
Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of it... Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking,particularly in ruminants.To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep,sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon)were fed a basal diet(CON,n=8)or a basal diet supplemented with 5%LBR(LBR,n=8).The experiment lasted for 70 d,with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period.The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake,average daily gain(P<0.05),and ruminal total volatile fatty acids(P<0.01)while decreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen pH value(P<0.05).Additionally,the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus,Coprococcus,Selenomonas,and Butyrivibrio(P<0.05)and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(P<0.05).The LBR altered the ruminal metabolome(P<0.01)by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g.,L-proline,L-phenylalanine,L-lysine,and L-tyrosine),pyrimidine metabolism(e.g.,uridine,uracil,and thymidine),and microbial protein synthesis(e.g.,xanthine and hypoxanthine).In conclusion,LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome. 展开更多
关键词 Lycium barbarum residue rumen microbiome metabolomics growth performance Tan sheep
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Repeated inoculation with rumen fluid accelerates the rumen bacterial transition with no benefit on production performance in postpartum Holstein dairy cows
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作者 Fanlin Kong Feiran Wang +3 位作者 Yijia Zhang Shuo Wang Wei Wang Shengli Li 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期795-811,共17页
Background The dairy cow’s postpartum period is characterized by dramatic physiological changes,therefore imposing severe challenges on the animal for maintaining health and milk output.The dynamics of the ruminal mi... Background The dairy cow’s postpartum period is characterized by dramatic physiological changes,therefore imposing severe challenges on the animal for maintaining health and milk output.The dynamics of the ruminal microbiota are also tremendous and may play a crucial role in lactation launch.We aim to investigate the potential benefits of early microbial intervention by fresh rumen microbiota transplantation(RMT)and sterile RMT in postpartum dairy cows.Twelve fistulated peak-lactation dairy cows were selected to be the donors for rumen fluid collection.Thirty postpartum cows were divided into 3 groups as the transplantation receptors respectively receiving 10 L fresh rumen fluid(FR),10 L sterile rumen fluid(SR),or 10 L saline(CON)during 3 d after calving.Results Production performance,plasma indices,plasma lipidome,ruminal microbiome,and liver transcriptome were recorded.After fresh and sterile RMT,we found that the molar proportion of propionic acid was increased on d 7 in the FR and SR groups and the bacterial composition was also significantly changed when compared with the CON group.A similarity analysis showed that the similarities between the CON group and FR or SR group on d 7 were 48.40%or 47.85%,whereas the similarities between microbiota on d 7 and 21 in the FR and SR groups were 68.34%or 66.85%.Dry matter intake and feed efficiency were not affected by treatments.Plasmaβ-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the FR group was decreased and significantly different lipids mainly included phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acids.Hepatic transcriptomics analysis indicated acutephase response pathways were upregulated in the SR group.Conclusions Our study suggests that RMT can shorten the transition process of the ruminal microbiota of postpartum dairy cows with no benefit on dry matter intake or feed efficiency.Inoculation with rumen fluid may not be a useful approach to promote the recovery of postpartum dairy cows. 展开更多
关键词 Dairy cow LIPIDOMICS Liver rumen microbiota transplantation Transition period
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Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize microbiota in rumen liquid digesta during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA) in lactating dairy cows
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作者 Junfei Guo Zhengxiao Zhang +3 位作者 Le Luo Guan Ilkyu Yoon Jan C.Plaizier Ehsan Khafipour 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期2059-2080,共22页
Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the i... Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground wheat.Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,andα-andβ-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota. 展开更多
关键词 Postbiotics rumen microbiota Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products SARA
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Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and rumen protected fat on meat quality,oxidative stability,and chemical composition of finishing goats
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作者 Meimei Zhang Zhiyue Zhang +9 位作者 Xinlong Zhang Changming Lu Wenzhu Yang Xiaolai Xie Hangshu Xin Xiaotan Lu Mingbo Ni Xinyue Yang Xiaoyang Lv Peixin Jiao 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期911-924,共14页
Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide ... Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical composition Clostridium butyricum Goats Meat quality Oxidative stability rumen protected fat
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RFLP Analysis of Methanogens mcrA Gene in Rumen of Cashmere Goat 被引量:4
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作者 李长青 金海 +2 位作者 郭雪峰 李华伟 栗原光规 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2008年第3期49-52,55,共5页
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the population composition of methanogens in rumen fluid of grazing Inner Mongolian cashmere goat. [Method] Total DNAs of various bacteria in rumen fluid were isolate... [Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the population composition of methanogens in rumen fluid of grazing Inner Mongolian cashmere goat. [Method] Total DNAs of various bacteria in rumen fluid were isolated for PCR amplification using the specifically designed primers based on conservative mcrA sequence of methanogens; then mcrA specific clone library was accordingly established. The restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) of the library was further analyzed by digestion of restriction enzyme Taq I. [Result] One hundred and five randomly selected specific colonies were classified into six RFLP types, among which the dominant type accounts for 38%, and other types account for 27%, 18%, 5.5% and 4.5%, respectively. [Conclusion] There are at least six different methanogens in rumen fluid of grazing Inner Mongolian cashmere goat. 展开更多
关键词 Casmere GOAT MCRA CLONE library rumen fluid RFLP
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Biological Characteristics and Rumen Microorganisms of Gayal(Bos frontalis)in Yunnan Province 被引量:3
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作者 杨舒黎 苟潇 +3 位作者 冷静 毛华明 邓卫东 吴锡川 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第8期1234-1237,共4页
[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal(Bos frontalis).[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorgan... [Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal(Bos frontalis).[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle(Bos taurus)and wild cattle(Bos gaurus),and the amounts of those chromosomes(2n)were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal's special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value. 展开更多
关键词 Gayal(Bos frontalis)in Yunnan Meat quality Genetic diversity Nutrient digestibility rumen microorganism
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Effects of Increasing Non-Fiber Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio on Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota in Goats 被引量:8
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作者 LIU Da-cheng ZHOU Xiang-li +3 位作者 ZHAO Pei-ting GAO Min HAN Hao-qi HU Hong-lian 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第2期319-326,共8页
Six rumen-cannulated lactating Guanzhong goats were used to investigate changes in ruminal fermentation pattern and the microbiota following a subacute rtmainal acidosis (SARA) inducing procedure. Induction of SARA ... Six rumen-cannulated lactating Guanzhong goats were used to investigate changes in ruminal fermentation pattern and the microbiota following a subacute rtmainal acidosis (SARA) inducing procedure. Induction of SARA was performed by increasing dietary non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio from 1.02 (stage 1) to 1.24 (stage 2), 1.63 (stage 3) and 2.58 (stage 4). A dynamic pH monitoring system, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and conventional anaerobic culture were used to assess changes in ruminal pH and microbiota. Results indicated that rumen fermentation patterns changed significantly with increased NFC:NDF ratio. The decline in ruminal pH was caused by increased ruminal total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), which was mainly attributed to a significant increase in ruminal butyrate, rather than the accumulation of ruminal lactic acid. In addition, in the course of SARA, the number of rumen microoganisms altered significantly, with increases in ruminal amylolytic bacteria, Lactobacilli, Streptococcus bovis and Megasphaera elsdenii, the latter particularly dramatically indicating that it may be the main factor responsible for the increase in butyrate, and decrease in protozoa. 展开更多
关键词 rumen fermentation rumen microorganisms subacute ruminal acidosis GOAT
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Design and Research on Artificial Rumen Continuous Culture System
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作者 孟宪章 李敏 +2 位作者 施继红 胡晓丽 刘庆福 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第11期2445-2448,共4页
[Objective] The paper was to study the dynamic changes of forage nutrient substance fermentation in rumen, and a set of continuous culture system of artificial rumen was designed. [Method] With in vivo as control, the... [Objective] The paper was to study the dynamic changes of forage nutrient substance fermentation in rumen, and a set of continuous culture system of artificial rumen was designed. [Method] With in vivo as control, the simulating rumen fer- mentation effect in vitro culture system was evaluated. [Result] The simulation rumen fermentation test needed adaptive phase of 2-3 d, and the fermentation state was relatively stable within 3-9 d, with good effects. The test showed certain regularity variation with index value of rumen in vivo. [Conclusion] The continuous culture sys- tem of artificial rumen could be used as the ideal model to study the rumen fermen- tation in vivo. 展开更多
关键词 rumen fermentation Continuous culture system Experimental research Effect evaluation
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Effect of dioscorea opposite waste on growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial community in weaned lambs
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作者 GUO Yun-xia YANG Ruo-chen +6 位作者 DUAN Chun-hui WANG Yong HAO Qing-hong JI Shou-kun YAN Hui ZHANG Ying-jie LIU Yue-qin 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期1833-1846,共14页
This study investigated the effects of dioscorea opposite waste(DOW) on the growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs. Sixty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs(ma... This study investigated the effects of dioscorea opposite waste(DOW) on the growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs. Sixty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs(male,(22.68±2.56) kg initially) were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of concentrate: 0(control, CON), 10%(DOW1), 15%(DOW2) and 20%(DOW3), were replaced with DOW in the basal diet as experimental treatments. The results showed that lambs fed the DOW2 diet had a higher(P<0.05) dry matter intake(DMI) than the other groups. There was no significant difference(P>0.05) among DOW groups in average daily weight gain(ADG), and replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically increased(P<0.05) the ADG, while lambs fed the DOW2 diet showed greater(P<0.05) ADG than the CON group. The relative plasma concentration of growth hormone(GH), insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and insulin were affected by DOW, replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically(P<0.05) enhanced the plasma concentration of GH, IGF-1 and insulin, which was significantly higher(P<0.05) in the DOW2 group than in the CON, DOW1 and DOW3 groups. In addition, the DOW treatment showed a lower(P<0.05) concentration of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) than the CON group. Replacing concentrate with DOW quadratically decreased(P<0.05) the ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and increased(P<0.05) the total of volatile fatty acids(TVFAs) at 0 and 4 h after feeding as well as linearly decreased(P<0.05) the NH3-N at 8 h after feeding. Replacing concentrate with DOW linearly decreased(P<0.05) the propionate and increased the aceate before feeding, and linearly decreased(P<0.05) propionate and quadratically increased(P<0.05) the aceate at 4 and 8 h after feeding. Lambs fed the DOW2 diet increased the phylum Firmicutes and genera Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus_1 groups, whereas decreased(P<0.05) the relative abundance of phylum Deferribacteres and genera intestinimonas and Ruminiclostridium. In summary, replacing the concentrate with 15% DOW was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation and ADG by increasing the DMI and modulating the rumen microbial community. 展开更多
关键词 LAMB dioscorea opposite waste growth performance blood parameters rumen fermentation rumen microflora
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A Study on the Mechanism Regulating Acetate to Propionate Ratio in Rumen Fermentation by Dietary Carbohydrate Type
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作者 Xueyan Lin Zhiyong Hu +6 位作者 Shizhe Zhang Guanwen Cheng Qiuling Hou Yun Wang Zhengui Yan Kerong Shi Zhonghua Wang 《Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology》 2020年第8期369-390,共22页
The research direction of our team is nutrition and physiology of ruminants, including dietary nutrition metabolism and rumen microorganisms. Previous research has shown that ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio is rel... The research direction of our team is nutrition and physiology of ruminants, including dietary nutrition metabolism and rumen microorganisms. Previous research has shown that ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio is related to diet utilization efficiency. At present, it is believed that the main factors affecting the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio are the degradation rate of the diet and the rumen microbial structure, but the main mechanism is unclear<span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study found that the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effect of ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected by the concentration of the fermentation substrate, but was affected by the structure of the rumen microbiota. We believe that changes in the rumen microflora structure are the main mechanism for regulating the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio. This will help people to further understand the rumen physiology, thereby gradually improving feed conversion efficiency and reducing production costs. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Abstract: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In order to explore the mechanism by which diet regulates the acetate-to-propionate molar ratio (A: P ratio), we compared the effect on rumen fermentation parameters and the microbiome by altering the ratio of dietary concentrates to roughage ratio and calcium pyruvate infusion. The test animals were Laoshan dairy goats, and were fed continuously through an automatic feeder. The test groups were fed a base diet of low concentrates, and intraruminally infused with calcium pyruvate at two concentrations. The infusion concentrations were derived from the difference in the rate of carbohydrate degradation of the high and low concentrate diets, and they were artificially set such that the high concentration infusion group was infused with twice the concentration as the low concentration infusion group. The control groups were fed high concentrate</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(6:4) and low concentrate (3:7) diets, respectively. The following results were obtained by measuring rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition: the rumen A: P ratio was significantly lower in the high-concentrate</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diet group than in the low concentrate diet group (P < 0.05). Infusion of low concentration calcium pyruvate had no significant effect on rumen A: P ratio (P > 0.05), while infusion of high concentration calcium pyruvate significantly increased the rumen A: P ratio (P < 0.05). Relative to goats fed the low concentrate diet, those fed the high concentrate diet had a greater abundance of microbes related to propionate production and a reduced abundance of microbes related to fiber degradation. Infusion of pyruvate had no significant</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effect on rumen microbial structure. The above results indicate that increasing the concentration of the fermentation substrate without affecting the composition of the microflora does not reduce the A: P ratio. Microbiological results showed that the A: P ratio was more closely related to the rumen microflora structure. Therefore, it is believed that rumen microflora structure is the main mechanism regulating A: P ratio in rumen fermentation.</span> 展开更多
关键词 rumen Acetic Acid Propionate Ratio Calcium Pyruvate rumen Microbiome Volatile Fatty Acid
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The Role of Zinc, Manganse and Copper in Rumen Metabolism and Immune Function: A Review Article
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作者 Elhashmi Y. Hilal Mohamed A. E. Elkhairey Ayman O. A. Osman 《Open Journal of Animal Sciences》 2016年第4期304-324,共21页
Trace minerals are dietary elements required by the body in minute amounts, ranging from 0.10 to 50.0 mg/kg dry matter in beef cattle diets [1]. These trace minerals are all necessary for the biochemical processes of ... Trace minerals are dietary elements required by the body in minute amounts, ranging from 0.10 to 50.0 mg/kg dry matter in beef cattle diets [1]. These trace minerals are all necessary for the biochemical processes of the body that support proper growth and maintenance. For example, Cu is necessary for the function of superoxide dismutase and its removal of toxic byproducts from metabolic pathways [2]. The removal of these toxic byproducts allows for metabolism to proceed efficiently, uninhibited by damaging oxygen free radicals. Zinc, an important trace mineral for enzyme function, aides in the regulation of nucleic acid production, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis, thus providing a stable framework for development [3]. The immune system is part of the host’s defense against destructive forces from outside the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, or from within, such as malignant cells or those that produce autoantibodies [4]. This system is composed of two branches: the innate or non-specific immune system, and the adaptive or specific immune system [5]. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to review effects of mineral supplements in Rumen Metabolism, effects on Immune Function in different species of animals. 展开更多
关键词 Dietary Trace Mineral rumen Metabolism Immune Function Performance Reproductive and rumen Fermentation
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Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine on Rumen Fermentation, lactation Performance and Plasma Characteristics in Dairy Cows
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作者 Qiang. Liu Cong. Wang +6 位作者 Wen.Zhu.Yang Xiong. Luo Xiao.Min. Yang Dong.Chang. He Ping. Zhang KuanHu. Dong Ying.Xiang. Huang 《Feed & Livestock》 2010年第2期15-18,20-23,25,26,共10页
The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous (2.2 - 0.4... The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous (2.2 - 0.40 parity) Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without RP-Met), LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter (DM) intake and milk yields were not affected (P 〉 0.05) with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher (P 〈 0.03) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control (P 〈 0.03). Ruminal pH tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher (P = 0.086) for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly (P = 0.001) from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher (P 〈 0.05) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected (P 〉 0.05) with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly lower (P = 0.017) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.011) changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower (P = 0.068) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.001) changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day. 展开更多
关键词 rumen-protected methionine rumen fermentation lactation performance blood metabolites dairy cow
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Rumen-protected methionine during the peripartal period in dairy cows and its effects on abundance of major species of ruminal bacteria 被引量:12
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作者 Mohamed K.Abdelmegeid Ahmed A.Elolimy +3 位作者 Zheng Zhou Vincenzo Lopreiato Joshua C.Mc Cann Juan J.Loor 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期460-466,共7页
Background: Extensive degradation of amino acids in the rumen via microbial deamination decreases the postruminal availability of dietary indispensable amino acids. Together with the normal decrease in voluntary dry m... Background: Extensive degradation of amino acids in the rumen via microbial deamination decreases the postruminal availability of dietary indispensable amino acids. Together with the normal decrease in voluntary dry matter intake(DMI) around parturition in dairy cows, microbial metabolism contributes to a markedly negative balance of indispensable amino acids, including methionine which may be the first-limiting for milk production. The main objective of the current study was to profile changes in major bacterial species with key functions in cel ulose and hemicel ulose digestion, xylan breakdown, proteolytic action, propionic acid production, lactate utilization and ruminal biohydrogenation in cows supplemented with rumen-protected Methionine(SM; Smartamine M, Adisseo NA, Alpharetta,GA, USA) from-23 through 30 d relative to parturition. Because ~90% of the methionine in SM bypasses the rumen,~10% of the methionine is released into the rumen and can be utilized by microbes.Results: As expected, there was an increase in overall DMI after parturition(Day, P < 0.05) during which cows consumed on average 19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d in the prepartum period. The postpartum diet contained greater concentrations of lipid and highly-fermentable carbohydrate from corn grain, which likely explains the increases in the relative abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella bryantii, Selenomonas ruminantium,Streptococcus bovis, and Succinimonas amylolytica. Despite similar DMI prepartum, cows fed SM had greater(Treatment × Day, P < 0.05) abundance prepartum of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Succinimonas amylolytica, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. However, the greater DMI in cows fed SM after parturition(19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d) was associated with lower abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes(2.13 × 10-3 versus 2.25 × 10-4) and Selenomonas ruminantium(2.98 × 10-1 versus 4.10 × 10-1). A lower abundance(Day, P < 0.05) was detected on d 20 compared with d-10 for Fibrobacter succinogenes and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Eubacterium ruminantium was stable across treatment and time.(Continued from previous page)Conclusions: In diets with proper balance of rumen-degradable protein and fermentable carbohydrate, the smal fraction of Methionine released from the rumen-protected supplement did not seem to compromise growth of major bacterial species in the rumen. In fact, it had a positive effect on 3 major species prepartum when DMI was similar between groups. Because the actual requirements of Methionine(and Lysine, for example) by the cow during the transition period are unknown, it appears warranted to study the rumen microbiome as it relates to supply of rumen-protected amino acids. 展开更多
关键词 MICROBIOME rumen microbes Transition COW
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Effects of yeast and yeast cell wall polysaccharides supplementation on beef cattle growth performance, rumen microbial populations and lipopolysaccharides production 被引量:14
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作者 PENG Quan-hui CHENG Long +7 位作者 KANG Kun Tian Gang Mohammad Al-Mamun XUE Bai WANG Li-zhi ZOU Hua-wei Mathew Gitau Gicheha WANG Zhi-sheng 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第3期810-819,共10页
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of live yeast and yeast cell wall polysaccharides on growth performance,rumen function and plasma lipopolysaccharides(LPS) content and immunity parameters of be... This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of live yeast and yeast cell wall polysaccharides on growth performance,rumen function and plasma lipopolysaccharides(LPS) content and immunity parameters of beef cattle.Forty Qinchuan cattle were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with 10 replicates in each treatment.The dietary treatments were: control diet(CTR),CTR supplemented with 1 g live yeast(2×10^10 live cell g^-1 per cattle per day(YST1),CTR supplemented with 2 g live yeast per cattle per day(YST2) and CTR supplemented with 20 g of yeast cell wall polysaccharides(30.0%≤β-glucan≤35.0%,and 28.0%≤mannanoligosaccharide≤32.0%) per cattle per day(YCW).The average daily gain was higher(P=0.023) and feed conversion ratio was lower(P=0.042) for the YST2 than the CTR.The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(P=0.039) and acid detergent fiber(P=0.016) were higher in yeast supplemented groups.The acetic acid:propionic acid of the YST2 was lower compared with the CTR(P=0.033).Plasma LPS(P=0.032),acute phase protein haptoglobin(P=0.033),plasma amyloid A(P=0.015) and histamine(P=0.038) were lower in the YST2 compared with the CTR.The copies of fibrolytic microbial populations such as Fibrobacter succinogenes S85,Ruminococcus albus 7 and Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 of the YST2 were higher(P<0.001),while the copies of typical lactate producing bacteria Streptococcus bovis JB1 was lower(P<0.001) compared with the CTR.Little differences were observed between the CTR,YST1 and YCW in growth performance,ruminal fermentation characteristics,microbial populations,immunity indices and total tract nutrient digestibility.It is concluded that the YST2 could promote fibrolytic microbial populations,decrease starch-utilizing bacteria,reduce LPS production in the rumen and LPS absorption into plasma and decrease inflammatory parameters,which can lead to an improvement in growth performance in beef cattle. 展开更多
关键词 live yeast fiber degradability rumen fermentation immunity indices
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Effects of live yeast on differential genetic and functional attributes of rumen microbiota in beef cattle 被引量:11
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作者 Ibukun M.Ogunade Jerusha Lay +2 位作者 Kenneth Andries Christina J.Mc Manus Frederick Bebe 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第4期1101-1107,共7页
Several studies have evaluated the effects of live yeast supplementation on rumen microbial population;however,its effect on differential microbial genes and their functional potential has not been described. Thus, th... Several studies have evaluated the effects of live yeast supplementation on rumen microbial population;however,its effect on differential microbial genes and their functional potential has not been described. Thus, this study applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to evaluate the effects of live yeast supplementation on genetic and functional potential of the rumen microbiota in beef cattle. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were randomly assigned to two treatments in a cross-over design with two 25-day experimental periods and a 10-day wash-out between the two periods. The steers were housed in individual pens and fed 50% concentrate-mix and 50% red clover/orchard hay ad libitum. Treatments were(1) control(CON;basal diet without additive) and(2) yeast(YEA;basal diet plus 15 g/d of live yeast product). Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding on the last d of each period. Sequencing was done on an Illumina Hi Seq 2500 platform. Dietary yeast supplementation increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria(such as Ruminococcus albus, R.champanellensis, R. bromii, and R. obeum) and lactate-utilizing bacteria(such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and D. vulgaris). A total of 154 differentially abundant genes(DEGs) were obtained(false discovery rate < 0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) annotation analysis of the DEGs revealed that 10 pathways, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism,polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, protein export, ribosome, and bacterial secretory system, were enriched in steers fed YEA. Annotation analysis of the DEGs in the carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy) database revealed that the abundance of genes coding for enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate binding modules were enriched in steers fed YEA. These results confirm the effectiveness of a live S. cerevisiae product for improving rumen function in beef steers by increasing the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, lactic acid-utilizing bacteria, and carbohydrate-active enzymes in the rumen. 展开更多
关键词 FUNCTIONAL potential LIVE YEAST rumen
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Comparison of rumen archaeal diversity in adult and elderly yaks(Bos grunniens)using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing 被引量:7
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作者 WANG Li-zhi WANG Zhi-sheng +2 位作者 XUE Bai WU De PENG Quan-hui 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1130-1137,共8页
This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks ((5.3±0.6) years old), and 3 elderly yaks ((1... This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks ((5.3±0.6) years old), and 3 elderly yaks ((10.7±0.6) years old), were used for the rumen contents collection. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the archaeal composition of rumen contents. A total of 92 901 high-quality archaeal sequences were analyzed, and these were assigned to 2 033 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, 974 OTUs were unique to adult yaks while 846 OTUs were unique to elderly yaks; 213 OTUs were shared by both groups. At the phylum level, more than 99% of the obtained OTUs belonged to the Euryarchaeota phylum. At the genus level, the archaea could be divided into 7 archaeal genera. The 7 genera (i.e., Methanobrevibacter, Methanobacterium, Methanosphaera, Thermogymnomonas, Methanomicrobiu, Meth- animicrococcus and the unclassified genus) were shared by all yaks, and their total abundance accounted for 99% of the rumen archaea. The most abundant archaea in elderly and adult yaks were Methanobrevibacterand Thermogymnomonas, respectively. The abundance of Methanobacteria (class), Methanobacteriales (order), Methanobacteriaceae (family), and Methanobrevibacter (genus) in elderly yaks was significantly higher than in adult yaks. In contrast, the abundance of Ther-mogymnomonas in elderly yaks was 34% lower than in adult yaks, though the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in abundance of other archaea was not significant between the two groups. These results suggested that the structure of archaea in the rumen of yaks changed with age. This is the first study to compare the phytogenetic differences of rumen archaeal structure and composition using the yak model. 展开更多
关键词 YAK ARCHAEA rumen diversity high-throughput sequencing
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Effects of Limiting Amino Acids on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community In vitro 被引量:17
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作者 WANG Meng-zhi WANG Hong-rong CAO Heng-chun LI Guo-xiang ZHANG Jie 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2008年第12期1524-1531,共8页
Three goats fitted with cannula were used to provide rumen liquor to investigate the effects of limiting amino acids on rumen fermentation and microbial community in vitro. The removal method was used in the current e... Three goats fitted with cannula were used to provide rumen liquor to investigate the effects of limiting amino acids on rumen fermentation and microbial community in vitro. The removal method was used in the current experiments. Treatments are total essential amino acid (TEAA), His-removal, Lys-removal, Met-removal, and branch chain amino acid (BCAA)- removal. Results indicated that, pH-value ranged between 5.9 and 6.8, with the highest mean value for the group with BCAA-removal (6.54) in the culture. Concentration of NH3-N ranged between 10.99 to 30.51 mg 100 mL^-1, with the group of TEAA recording the highest average NH3-N concentration (17.85 mg 100 mL^-1). Yields of microbial protein and limiting degree on microbial growth varied with treatments (P 〈 0.01), and the lowest accrued in treatment with BCAA-removal (0.1389, 0.1772, and 0.3161 mg mL^-1 for bacteria, protozoa, and mixed microbes, respectively), compared to the group with TEAA, microbial production of mixed microbes decreased by 44.52%. As for micro-flora, protozoa to bacteria ratio was the lowest for the group with Lys-removal (89.12%), while the highest for the group with BCAA-removal (127.60%) (P 〈 0.01). Furthermore, PCR-SSCP analysis revealed that, microbial profile subjected to substrates within bacteria and protozoa groups. It was therefore concluded that, dietary amino acid influenced both rumen fermentation and microbial characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 limiting amino acids rumen microbes limiting degree
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