Therapeutic effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts:A review

Medicinal plants,as a good therapeutic strategy,can be used to treat a wide spectrum of diseases.Coriandrum sativum(C.sativum)is a plant from Apiaceae family.Numerous reports indicate that C.sativum has positive effects on anxiety,seizure,learning and memory ability,as well as pain.This annual plant can also treat colitis,increase appetite,reduce blood pressure,and attenuate myocardial damage.Additionally,it improves liver and kidney function and diabetes mellitus and inhibits osteoclast activity.These beneficial effects of C.sativum mainly are attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.The present paper reviews the impacts of C.sativum on different body systems.Information was extracted by searching the Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar from January 2010 until the end of February 2024.

The Beneficial Effects of Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Poultry Industry

Plant-based antimicrobial agents are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit low toxicity, making them promising alternatives in combatting microbial infections. Among these plants, garlic (Allium sativum) stands out for its traditional medicinal use in effectively combating various microorganisms. In the poultry industry, preventing avian virus and bacterial infections is paramount for chicken husbandry. However, using conventional drugs poses potential risks to human health. Garlic, a widely used Asian plant in traditional medicine for various pathologies, has shown potential as an herbal prophylactic remedy against viral and bacterial infections. Recently, researchers explored garlic and its derivatives as a scientific strategy in veterinary practices for diverse purposes, such as improving poultry production characteristics and acting as antibiotic growth promoters. This comprehensive review delves into garlic and its derivatives as preventive and corrective treatments for viral diseases in laying hens and broilers. The paper highlights their potential effectiveness and safety as a natural means to enhance poultry health and welfare while mitigating the risks associated with conventional drug usage in the food industry.

Rhizobium Inoculation and Micronutrient Addition Influence the Growth,Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Garden Peas(Pisum sativum L.)

Garden pea productivity and qualities are hampered in zinc(Zn),boron(B),and molybdenum(Mo)deficient soil.Thus,the combination of micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)and rhizobium is necessary to increase the productivity and quality of garden peas,since this management for garden peas is neglected in Bangladesh.Therefore,the present study was made to assess the effectiveness of rhizobium inoculant singly or in combination with the micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)on growth,yield,nutrient uptake,and quality of garden peas.Treatments were:T_(1)=Control,T_(2)=Rhizobium inoculation at 50 g/kg seed,T_(3)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)Mo1,T_(4)=T_(2)+B_(2)Mo1,T_(5)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2),T_(6)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1 and T_(7)=Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1.All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and repeated all treatments in three times.The application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)with inoculation of Rhizobium at 50 g kg^(−1)seed(T_(6))facilitated to increase of 44.8%in the green pod and 29.7%seed yield over control.The same treatment contributed to attaining the maximum nodulation(25.3 plant^(−1)),Vitamin C(43.5 mg 100 g^(−1)),protein content(22.2%),and nutrient uptake as well as accumulation in garden peas.Among all treatment combinations,treatment T_(6)was found superior to others based on microbial activities,soil fertility,and profitability.The results of the study found that the application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)in combination with Rhizobium inoculation(50 g kg^(−1)seed)can improve the yield and quality of garden peas.The results of the study have the potential for the areas,where there is no use of Rhizobium inoculant or Zn,B,and Mo fertilizer for cultivation of garden pea.

150份豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)种质资源开花期关键性状评价

为筛选适宜高寒区种植的草产量高、绿肥特性优的豌豆品种,采用相关性、主成分和聚类分析方法对150份国内外豌豆种质资源花期关键性状进行分析和评价。结果表明:供试豌豆种质资源花期根瘤数量和花干重的变异系数较大,分别为0.65和0.41,其次为叶干重、茎干重和根干重。根瘤数量、茎、叶和花干重间具有显著的相关性。花期主要性状主成分分析发现,前2个主成分累积贡献率为62.76%,分别代表草产量和绿肥特性。系统聚类可将供试豌豆种质资源分为草产量低、草产量高且绿肥特性好、固氮能力最强三大类群。其中,第Ⅱ大类群的保加利亚豌豆、173、秋复5号豌豆、311、A-65豌豆和A-73豌豆等可作为高寒区适宜种植的豌豆种质资源。

马缨丹Lantana camara L.对豌豆Pisumsativum L.的化感作用

用不同体积分数的马缨丹Lantana camara L.水提取液在室内处理豌豆Pisum sativum L.种子和幼苗,以探讨前者对后者的化感作用.结果表明:马缨丹降低了豌豆种子活力,诱导根尖细胞产生较多的微核,破坏幼苗细胞膜的完整性.在其化感作用下,豌豆幼苗产生较多的丙二醛(MDA),同时提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性.显然,马缨丹对豌豆产生强烈的化感作用.

Effects of Cadmium Pollution in Soil on Physiological and Biochemical Index of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution in soil on physiological and biochemical index of Allium sativum L. and provided reference for the recovery of cadmium pollution in soil. [Method]By setting eleven Cd concentrations from 0.21 to 500 mg/kg in soil and the pot test, ecological corresponding mechanism of plant height, chlorophyll (Chl) content, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Allium sativum L. was analyzed. [Result] The plant height had a strong tolerance to cadmium pollution in soil, while the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a content had no significant difference compared with control treatment, except Cd concentration was 500 mg/kg. The high Cd concentration would increase the damage to membrane of Allium sativum L. however with the regulation of physiological mechanism, the damage was gradually decreased.[Conclusion] Allium sativum L. had strong eco-physiological adaptability to Cd contaminated soil and it had potential for recovering Cd contaminated soil.

Greenhouse Intercropping of Green Asparagus(Asparagus officinalis Linn) and Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.)

Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus （Asparagus officinalis Linn） and coriander （Coriandrum sativurn L.） not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers＇ income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.

Dynamic Study of Microbial Population and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the changes in microbial population and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of two cultivars of Allium sativum L.at different growth stages.[Method]By using white garlic and purple garlic as the experimental materials,the microbial population,and the activities of urease,acid phosphatase and catalase in their rhizosphere soil at different growth stages were measured.[Result]The root exudates of the two garlic cultivars could promote the growth of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and indirectly increase the urease,acid phosphatase and catalase activities in the rhizosphere soil,thereby improving the turnover and circulation of the soil nutrition elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus,and providing a better micro-ecological environment for the later crop.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the ecological research on garlic used as a preceding crop.

世界栽培豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)资源群体结构与遗传多样性分析

【目的】评价国家种质库长期保存的国内外栽培豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)资源的遗传多样性水平,揭示其遗传多样性、等位基因和群体结构差异,据此评估其重要程度及价值,为中国豌豆资源研究策略和方向的正确选择、国内外资源的充分发掘利用和深入研究提供理论依据。【方法】利用21对豌豆多态性SSR引物,对来自国外五大洲66个国家和中国28个省(区、市)的1984份栽培豌豆进行SSR标记遗传多样性和群体结构分析;采用Structure2.2软件完成资源群体结构剖析、推断参试材料的合理组群数、确定每份参试材料的适当群体划入及其相关参数计算;利用NTSYSpc2.2d软件估算其遗传距离,进行主成分分析(PCA)并绘制三维空间聚类图;采用PopgeneV1.32估算种质群的等位位点分布等参数,利用FstatV2.9.3.2进行种质群间遗传多样性差异显著性测验。【结果】通过对国、内外栽培豌豆资源群间SSR等位基因数(NA)、有效等位基因数(NE)、有效等位基因所占比重(NE/NA)、等位基因丰度(AR)、基因多样性指数(GD)、Shannon's信息指数(I)的比较,发现除等位基因数(NA)外,国内资源的其它5个遗传多样性指标全面高于国外资源。在21个SSR基因位点中,国内、外资源群在7个位点间存在等位基因种类的差异。群体结构分析将1984份世界栽培豌豆资源划分成三大组群。组群A包含96.49%的国外栽培豌豆参试资源,可代表典型的国外栽培豌豆资源类型;组群B的资源88.18%来源于陕西和内蒙古,可代表中国典型的春播区栽培豌豆资源类型;组群C的资源52.05%源于中国秋播区,47.44%源于中国春播区,可代表中国秋播区和除陕西、内蒙古外的春播区栽培豌豆资源类型。组群间遗传多样性差异达到显著水平。PCA作图分析也明确显示世界栽培豌豆资源群体中存在3个边界明显的资源富集区(基因库I、II、III),且与三大组群的群体结构分析结果精确对应。【结论】国内资源的遗传多样性程度整体上超过国外资源,国外资源群体内个体间的差异程度平均高于国内资源。群体结构分析侦测到世界栽培豌豆资源中存在A、B、C共三大资源类群,类群间的遗传多样性差异达到了显著水平,且与PCA做图分析显示的3个边界明显的基因库间存在着精确对等关系:"类群A"几乎等同于"基因库I","类群B"几乎等同于"基因库II",而"类群C"几乎等同于"基因库III";基因库I由国外资源富集而成,基因库II由中国陕西和内蒙古资源富集而成,基因库III由中国秋播区资源和陕西、内蒙古以外的春播区资源富集而成,由此得出世界栽培豌豆由3个基因库构成的结论。国外栽培豌豆种质资源构成了"基因库I",国内栽培豌豆种质资源构成了"基因库II"和"基因库III",表明国内、外资源均很重要,但国内资源甚于国外。

镧对汞胁迫下豌豆(Pisum sativumL)幼苗生长及汞积累的影响

以培养 5d的豌豆 (PisumsativumL)幼苗为实验材料 ,研究了 10和 5 0mg·L- 1 的Hg胁迫下不同浓度La对豌豆幼苗生长的生理效应 ,测定并分析了La对Hg胁迫下豌豆幼苗根和叶细胞中Hg吸收及积累的影响。结果表明 ,合适浓度 (≤ 0 .0 10mg·L- 1 La)的La能在一定程度上缓解Hg胁迫所导致的叶绿体叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、光合速率和叶绿体Mg2 + ATPase、光合膜电子传递链活性及PSII活性的降低 ,减轻Hg胁迫对光合膜室温下吸收光谱和荧光光谱的影响 ;能有效增强或保护Hg胁迫下叶片细胞总抗氧化能力 ,降低细胞内Hg胁迫诱导超氧阴离子(·O2 - )产生的速率和膜脂过氧化产物 (MDA)的积累 ,延缓膜透性的增加。La对 10mg·L- 1 Hg胁迫的缓解能力较强 ,而对 5 0mg·L- 1 Hg的缓解效果较弱。最佳作用浓度为 0 .0 10mg·L- 1 。该浓度的La能有效的减少细胞对Hg的吸收和积累 ,特别是增加根细胞壁对Hg的束缚效应。超过一定浓度范围的La(≥ 0 .0 3 0mg·L- 1 )则加剧Hg的毒害作用。

Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial properties ot Allium sativum(garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale(ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection.Methods:The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95%(v/v) ethanol.The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against clinical pathogens.Results:Anti-bacterial potentials of the extracts of two crude garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were tested against five gram negative and two gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates.All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to crude extracts of both plants extracts.Except Enterobacter sp.and Klebsiella sp.,all other isolates were susceptible when subjected to ethanolic extracts of garlic and ginger.The highest inhibition zone was observed with garlic(19.4S mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa).The minimal inhibitory concentration was as low as 67.00 μg/mL against P.aeruginosa.Conclusions:Natural spices of garlic and ginger possess effective anti-bacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases and further evaluation is necessary.

Photosynthesis and growth responses of pea Pisum sativum L. under heavy metals stress

The present work aimed to study the physiological effects of cadmium （Cd） and copper （Cu） in pea （Pisum sativum）. Pea plants were exposed to increasing doses of cadmium chloride （CdCl2） and copper chloride （CuCl2） for 20 d. The examined parameters, namely root and shoot lengths, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and the rate of photosynthesis were affected by the treatments especially with high metals concentrations. The analysis of heavy metals accumulation shows that leaves significantly accumulate cadmium for all the tested concentrations. However, copper was significantly accumulated only with the highest tested dose. This may explain the higher inhibitory effects of cadmium on photosynthesis and growth in pea plants. These results are valuable for understanding the biological consequences of heavy metals contamination particularly in soils devoted to organic agriculture.

大蒜(Allium sativum)水浸液灭螺实验研究

采用大蒜的新鲜根、鳞茎和叶的3种不同浓度水浸液处理钉螺,并用清水饲养钉螺作对照.结果表明,经过一定时间的处理,大蒜的水浸液对钉螺有明显毒杀作用:其中,根、茎的水浸液效果最为明显,百分比浓度大于0.5%的大蒜根、茎水浸液对钉螺具有10%～100%的毒杀致死作用,处理时间在120h的,其死螺率可达80%～100%,0.5%的大蒜根水浸液浸泡120h时,死螺率为90%,1%的水浸液浸泡120h时,死螺率为100%.当用同种水浸液浸泡时,钉螺死亡率随水浸液浓度增加而升高;浸泡时间延长时,钉螺死亡率也升高.

Subnucleolar Distribution and Transportation of U3 snoRNA in the Nucleolus of Pisum sativum

Processing of pre-rRNA is one of the major events taking place In the nucleolus. U3 snoRNA, an rRNA spliceosomal factor, is suggested to be essential in the first cleavage step of the 5' ETS sequence in the processing of pre-rRNA. Identification of U3 in the nucleolus provides a piece of indirect evidence for pre-rRNA processing site and transportation of processing products. In the present study, subnucleolar distribution of U3 snoRNA in the nucleolus of Pisum sativum L. was studied by in situ hybridization with a U3 snoRNA probe. The results showed that the U3 labeling signals were distributed throughout dense fibrillar components (DFCs) and granular components (GCs), while no signal was found in fibrillar centers (FCs). When treated with actinomycine D (AMD), the labeling signals were decreased. Along with the increase of the AMD treatment time, the labeling signals became fewer and they were found in the distal regions of DFC and GC. Our results indicated that pre-rRNA splicing took place in the regions of DFC and GC, and the transportation of pre-rRNA processing products was from the regions around FCs towards the distal regions.

Insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum

Objective:To evaluate the insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum(A.sativum).Methods:Dried bulbs of A.sativum were extracted with different solvents and evaluated for insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.Results: Aqueous and methanol extracts showed highest insecticidal activity(mortality rate of 81%and 64%respectively) against the larvae of Spodoptera litura(S.litura) at a concentration of 1000 ppm.With regard to antimicrobial activity,aqueous extract exhibited antibacterial activity against gram positive(Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureu,) and gram negative(Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) strains and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.While methanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro organisms except two(Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans),the extracts of hexane,chloroform and ethyl acetate did not show any anti microbial activity.Minimum inhibitory concentration of aqueous and methanol extracts against tested bacterial and fungal strains was 100-150μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of the bulb extracts was evaluated in terms of inhibition of free radicals by 2.2’-diphenly-l-picrylhydrazyl.Aqueous and methanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity(80%-90%of the standard).Conclusions:Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of A.sativum against the tested organisms therefore,provides scientific basis for its utilization in traditional and folk medicine.Also,our results demonstrated the insecticidal efficacy of A. sativum against S.litura,a polyphagous insect.

Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: chemistry and biological activity

Coriandrum sativum L.(C. sativum) is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal plants, belonging to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plant are widely used in folk medicine in addition to its use as a seasoning in food preparation. The C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in dif erent parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This edible plant is non-toxic to humans, and the C. sativum essential oil is thus used in dif erent ways, viz., in foods(like l avoring and preservatives) and in pharmaceutical products(therapeutic action) as well as in perfumes(fragancias and lotions). The current updates on the usefulness of the plant C. sativum are due to scientii c research published in dif erent web-based journals.

Sperm immobilization activity of Allium sativum L. and other plant extracts

<abstract>Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal sperm immobilization immediately after addition of extracts. The most potent extract was selected and was evaluated on both ram and human spermatozoa. To unravel its mode of action several sperm functional tests were carried out, namely viability of cells, hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity and assays of membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal marker enzyme acrosin. Results: The crude aqueous extract of the bulb of Allium sativum L. showed the most promising results by instant immobilization of the ram epididymal sperm at 0.25 g/mL and human ejaculated sperm at 0.5 g/mL. Sperm immobilizing effects were irreversible and the factor of the extract responsible for immobilization was thermostable up to 90 癈. On boiling at 100 癈 for 10 minutes, this activity was markedly reduced. Moreover, this extract was able to cause aggregation of ram sperms into small clusters after 30 minutes of incubation at 37 癈. However this property was not found in human spermatozoa. More than 50 % reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling occurred in treated sperm as compared with the controls, indicating the possibility of plasma membrane disintegration which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal acrosin. Conclusion: The crude aqueous extract of A. sativum bulb possesses spermicidal activity in vitro.

Purification and Properties of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) in Allium Sativum

Superoxide dismutases(SODs) were purified to homogeneity from Allium Sativum by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose(DE52) and Sephadex G-75. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate\|polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-AGE), Allium Sativum is predicted to contain four SODs. The molecular weights of the native SODs are 41 3 kD, 37 0 kD, 35 2 kD and 31 0 kD, which consist of subunits of 20 7 kD, 18 4 kD, 17 7 kD and 15 4 kD respectively. Because of their specific sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, cyanogens potassium and chloroform\|alcohol, the SODs in Allium Sativum appear to be Cu, Zn-SOD isoenzymes. The isoelectric analysis indicates that three of the four isoenzymes are acidic proteins with isoelectric points at pH 3 5, 3 7 and 4 0, respectively, and the fourth one is a basic protein with isoeletric point at pH 8 5.

Purifi cation, characterization and hypoglycemic activity of glycoproteins obtained from pea (Pisum sativum L.)

This study aimed to isolate and characterize the structures of glycoproteins from peas and determine their hypoglycemic activity.The crude pea glycoproteins(PGP)were extracted by hot water and purified by diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-Sepharose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography in sequence.Then three main fractions were obtained,namely PGP1,PGP2 and PGP3,with molecular weights of 897615,846740 and 1194692 Da,respectively.The physical and chemical properties of the three fractions were evaluated and compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and other analytical techniques.The fraction PGP2 with the highest hypoglycemic activity,was screened using the Caco-2 monolayer cell model.It can inhibit the uptake of glucose in the small intestine,as well as the activities of maltase and sucrase.After simulated gastrointestinal digestion,PGP2 signifi cantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase,and slightly reduced the inhibitory ability ofα-amylase.In summary,PGP2 possessed strong hypoglycemic activity after digestion.These results indicated that PGP2 has the potential to be developed into a functional food or natural medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Large-scale evaluation of pea(Pisum sativum L.)germplasm for cold tolerance in the field during winter in Qingdao

As a cool-season crop, pea(Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is important for stable yield and expansion of the winter pea planting area. Under natural low-temperature conditions during winter in Qingdao,Shandong, China, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 3672 pea germplasm accessions in the field and categorized them as displaying high resistance(214), moderate resistance(835), or susceptibility(2623). The highly and moderately resistant genotypes were validated in the following year. We found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotypes from the spring production region. The accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.