Meeting 24-h Movement Guidelines is Related to Better Academic Achievement:Findings from the YRBS 2019 Cycle

This research is designed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)and self-reported academic achievement(AA)using nationally representative data derived from the 2019 U.S.National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey.A multiple-stage cluster sampling procedure has been adopted to ensure a representative sample(N=9127 adolescents;mean age=15.7 years old;male%=49.8%).Logistic regression has been adopted to obtain the odds ratio(OR)regarding the associations between adherence to 24-HMG and AA while controlling for ethnicity,body mass index,sex and age.The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in isolation and combination varied greatly(physical activity=23.3%,screen time=32.5%,sleep=22.3%,and 24-HMG=2.8%),while the percentage of highest-class AA was 42.5%.Compared with the situation when none of 24-HMG is met,the achievement of any of the combined guidelines(except for meeting the physical activity guidelines)was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving first-class AA.Meeting the sleep guideline had 1.42 times increased likelihood to achieve highest-class AA as compared with not meeting the sleep guideline.Meeting screen time guidelines and physical activity guidelines,respectively,were 1.32 and 1.13 times more likely to report first-class AA;but meeting the guidelines of physical activity was not significantly related to AA.Meeting the 24-HMG had the highest odds of achieving first-class AA(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.47-2.73).In both sexes,adolescents who met 24-HMG self-reported better AA(boys OR=2.05,95%CI:1.34-3.15;girls OR=2.26,95%CI:1.36-3.76).Significant relationships were observed in adolescents from 9-10th grade,but not higher grades.Our research findings suggest that optimal movement behaviours can be seen as an important element to better academic achievement among U.S.adolescents.Future studies can adopt our discoveries to promote adolescents’academic achievement through implementing optimal 24-h movement behaviour patterns.

24-Hour movement behaviours and COVID-19 among children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A repeat cross-sectional study

This study investigated how children's 24-hour(24-h)movement behaviours were affected by SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Previous research examined 24-h movement behaviours in Saudi Arabia seven months after the World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.This repeat cross-sectional study examined changes in 24-h movement behaviours 12 months after the WHO declaration.The Time 2 survey repeated five months(1 March–15 May 2021)after Time 1 survey(1 October–11 November 2020).The survey was distributed to parents of children aged 6–12 years across Saudi Arabia via an online survey.Children were classified as meeting 24-h movement guidelines if they reported uninterrupted sleep for 9–11 h per night,2 h of recreational sedentary screen time(RST)per day and-60 min of moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)per day.A total of 1045 parents from all regions of Saudi Arabia responded(42.4%).Only 1.8%of children met all components of the guidelines,compared to 3.4%in Time 1.In the present study,girls spent more days per week in MVPA-60 min duration than boys(3.0 vs 2.6;p=0.025),while boys had spent more days per week engaged in activities that strengthened muscle and bone than girls(3.0 vs 2.8;p=0.019).Healthy levels of physical activity(PA),sedentary behaviour(SB)and sleep further declined in Saudi children five months after the Time 1 survey.These challenges require urgent intervention to ensure children's movement behaviours improve as Saudi Arabia moves out of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Central Arterial Stiffness in Children Independent of Other Lifestyle Behaviors

Purpose Children require 9-11 h sleep to ensure adequate growth and development by optimizing the efficiency of a number of biological systems,including the cardiovascular system.The study aim was to determine whether short sleep duration(<9 h)is associated with elevated aortic arterial stiffness in children aged 9-11 years,independent of other lifestyle behav-iors,including physical activity,sedentary behaviour and dietary patterns.Methods This cross-sectional study included 421 children(51%female)aged 9-11 years.Aortic arterial stiffness was measured using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV),sleep duration,time spent sedentary,and moderate-vigorous physical activity were measured using wrist actigraphy,and dietary patterns using a food frequency questionnaire.Associa-tions between short sleep duration and cfPWV were examined using mixed effects regression.Results There was a positive[unadjusted]association between short sleep duration and cfPWV(β=0.245,95%CI 0.093-0.396).This association persisted following adjustment for demographic factors and was strengthened following adjustment for lifestyle behaviors(β=0.331,95%CI 0.109-0.553).Conclusions Short sleepers(<9 h)had a clinically meaningful elevated aortic arterial stiffness in comparison to those sleeping the recommended daily 9-11 h.Sleep duration may be important for cardiovascular health independent of other lifestyle behaviors.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and their association with depressive symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from Bangladesh

Healthy movement behaviours are associated with various physical and mental wellbeing;however,little is known about such associations in low-and middle-income countries.The aim of this study was to examine adherence to 24-hour(h)movement guidelines and their relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents.Data were from 312 Bangladeshi adolescents aged 13-17 years(42%female).Meeting the guidelines was defined as:energy expenditure for physical activity(PA)
1680 Metabolic Equivalent of Task(MET)-min/week,2 h/day of recreational screen time(ST),and 8-10 h/night of sleep.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CESD-10)with a score of 10 or more indicating high depressive symptoms.Percentage of adolescents meeting the three recommendations was 2.2%,with 17.6%meeting two,and 31.2%meeting one recommendation.Generalized estimating equations showed that odds of having high depressive symptoms was a third(odds ratio[OR]=0.35,95%confidence interval[CI],0.19-0.57)for meeting the PA guidelines,and about a half(OR=0.47,95%CI,0.18-0.87)for meeting the sleep guidelines.Odds of depressive symptoms reduced significantly for meeting PA and sleep(OR=0.20,95%CI,0.09-0.59),or PA and ST(OR=0.24,95%CI,0.08-0.55)guidelines.About half of the adolescents did not meet any recommendations,which underscores the need for public health campaigns to promote adherence to the movement guidelines in this pediatric population.Further longitudinal research with larger sample size is recommended to explore the inter-relationships of these behaviours and their impact on health and wellbeing outcomes of adolescents in Bangladesh.