Electrical Generator’s Manufacturing through RecycledMaterials for Self-consumption

The reduction of the useful life of some technologies for various reasons currently generates a large amount of electronic waste whose main destination is landfills located in underdeveloped countries.On the other hand,the lack of availability of electrical energy can encourage the use of other less efficient means of generation with a greater environmental impact.To overcome these problems,it is proposed to recover certain wastes in the manufacture of small wind turbines for use in the construction of these countries.This article provides a practical example of the design of the electric machine and its performance in building with the positive social,economic and environmental impact of the regions involved.

Distributed Solar PV System for Industrial Application

The paper presents the design and field test of a distributed solar PV system for industrial application （DGPVi）. DGPVi utilizes HyPV （hybrid PV） system which generates solar power for self-consumption in lighting and air conditioning in a production line of a factory when solar energy is available. It does not feed the excess PV power to the grid. HyPV will be switched to grid power supply when solar energy is not available. A 3 kWp DGPVi is installed in a factory for field demonstration. The test results show that the solar PV power generated can be utilized immediately. The solar energy generation efficiency （kWh/day per kWp PV installation） of DGPVi is close to that of grid-tied PV system without self-consumption and battery storage. The yearly return on investment of DGPVi is 2.0% at the present installation cost or 3.3% at further cost-down cost. The payback time will be 14.3 years at the present installation cost or 12.1 years at cost-down cost. The present study verifies the economic feasibility of DGPVi.

On-site solar PV generation and use: Self-consumption andself-sufficiency

As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems,any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the grid.This paper introduces an approach towards a system design for improved PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. As a result, a polyvalent heat pump, offering heating, cooling and domestic hotwater, is considered alongside water storage tanks and batteries. Our method of system analysisbegins with annual hourly thermal loads for heating and cooling a typical Australian house inGeelong, Victoria. These hourly heating and cooling loads are determined using Transient SystemSimulation (TRNSYS) software. The house’s annual hourly electricity consumption is analysed usingsmart meter data downloaded from the power supplier and PV generation data measured with aPV system controller. The results reveal that the proposed system could increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency to 41.96% and 86.34%, respectively, resulting in the annual imported energybeing reduced by about 74%. The paper also provides sensitivity analyses for the hot and coldstorage tank sizes, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, solar PV and battery sizes.After establishing the limits of thermal storage size, a significant impact on self-efficiency can berealised through battery storage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a polyvalent heatpump together with water storage tanks and, ultimately, batteries to increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. Future work will concentrate on determining a best-fit approach to systemsizing embedded within the TRNSYS simulation tool.

Experimental performance analysis of an installed microgrid-based PV/battery/EV grid-connected system

Global energy demand,which is largely based on fossil fuels,is expected to increase rapidly.An effort must be made to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change to ensure sustainable and clean development.In recent years,the increasing share of renewable energy and energy-storage systems,the development of electric vehicles(EVs),promotion of energy efficiency and demand-side management(DSM)have become today’s solution technologies.The microgrid(MG),which involves the interconnection of several generation and storage units capable of operating locally with or without connection to the power grid,is also a very useful emerging technology.This study allowed the experimental operation and performance analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)/battery/EV MG hybrid system,which was used for maximizing PV self-consumption and DSM objectives.The entire MG consisting of two subsystems(polycrystalline PV array of 2.16 kWp for Subsystem 1,monocrystalline PV system of 2.4 kWp for Subsystem 2,EV with lithium-ion battery capacity of 6.1 kWh)was installed under outdoor conditions at the University Institute of Technology in Mulhouse,France in August 2018.The operation and behaviour of the system components,including the inverter,batteries and power grid,were analysed in both scenarios with and without EV connection.The results shows that the total cumulative energy injected into the grid during the entire system operating cycle is estimated to be 3466.82 and 5836.58 kWh for Subsystems 1 and 2,respectively.In addition,the energy produced by Subsystem 2 during its lifetime and the emissions emitted are respectively estimated at 5597.65 kWh and 4.17 tons.The other results in terms of PV output power,energy yield,feed-in power and self-consumed energy were quantified and analysed in detail.