Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum3种分子鉴定方法的比较

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum是中国主要的禾谷镰刀菌复合种(FGSC)成员,为了提高这2个种的鉴定效率,选取48个引起小麦赤霉病和玉米茎腐病的FGSC菌株,比较了系统发育谱系分析、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性)和多重PCR 3种分子鉴定方法。系统发育谱系分析首先扩增菌株的EF-1α和Tri101两个基因的部分序列,测序之后利用MEGA 6.06软件构建系统发育树,结果表明,有11个菌株与F.asiaticum聚在一起,37个菌株与F.graminearum sensu stricto聚为一枝,此法繁琐、复杂、成本高,但鉴定结果准确。PCR-RFLP基于组蛋白H3基因特殊的酶切位点,设计引物H3d StyⅠ/H3R1,通过PCR和酶切反应进行鉴定,电泳检测发现,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,该法工作量大且对操作过程要求高。多重PCR基于CYP51A基因设计特异引物Fa F/FaR和Fg F/FgR进行鉴定,电泳检测结果表明,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,此法操作简单、效率高。以上3种分子鉴定方法结果一致,但多重PCR方法具有快速、准确、高效的特点。

广义竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus(sensu lato)的分类和系统学研究进展

广义的竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus (sensulato)包含有 4 0多个物种 ,广泛分布在南亚和东南亚国家和地区。目前 ,该类群已经相继被划分为 6个属 :Trimeresurus (sensustricto)、Tropidolaemus、Ovophis、Proto bothrops、Triceratolepidophis、Zhaoermia。本文从形态、细胞以及分子系统学等方面对Trimeresurus (sensulato)

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum在玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上子囊壳形成的比较

为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型;HX5-1,NIV型)和2株F.asiaticum菌株(M4A,3-ADON型;M31-2,NIV型),用其孢子悬浮液接种玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,放置于花泥和地表两种环境条件下,比较接种不同菌株秸秆上子囊壳的形成和发育成熟情况及5个菌株对‘郑麦366’(高感小麦赤霉病品种)的致病力。结果表明:花泥环境下产生子囊壳的速度要快于地表,以玉米秸秆为载体子囊壳产生速度比水稻秸秆快且多数密度大,3个F.graminearum菌株(SE81、LcA-2和HX5-1)在同种秸秆相同环境下比2个F.asiaticum菌株(M4A和M31-2)产生子囊壳的速度快且子囊壳密度大。5个菌株在不同环境的不同秸秆上产生的子囊壳的成熟度均无规律,接种‘郑麦366’后其病情指数间有极显著差异(P<0.01),在花泥和地表的玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上3次调查的子囊壳密度与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈显著正相关,不同环境条件下的子囊壳产生速度(AUPGC)与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈极显著正相关。本研究将为阐明F.graminearum和F.asiaticum在中国小麦赤霉病上表现区域性地理分布的原因提供参考依据。

A New Species of the Asian Toad Genus Megophrys sensu lato(Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China

We describe a new species of the genus Megophrys sensu lato from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences all strongly supported the new species as an independent lineage in Megophrys(Panophrys) clade. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) small body size with SVL < 38.8 mm in male and SVL < 42.3 mm in female;(2) vomerine teeth absent;(3) tongue not notched behind;(4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid;(5) tympanum distinctly visible, rounded;(6) two metacarpal tubercles in hand;(7) relative finger lengths: II < I < V < III;(8) toes with rudimentary webbing at bases;(9) heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(10) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum to eye when leg stretched forward;(11) an internal single subgular vocal sac in male;(12) in breeding male, the nuptial pads with black nuptial spines on the dorsal bases of the first and second fingers.

Interpretation Criteria for Standardized Western Blot for the Predominant Species of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato in China

Objective Western blotting （WB;immunoblotting） is a widely used tool for the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis （LB）,but so far,no generally accepted criteria for its performance and interpretation have been established in China.The present study was designed to determine the criteria for standardized Western blot for the predominant species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in China,in which WB was produced with strain PD91 as the representative strain attributed to predominant genospecies Borrelia garinii of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.Methods Approximately 13 bands between 14 and 100 kD were differentiated for strain PD91 by using Gel-Pro analysis software.In a study with 631 serum samples （taken from 127 patients with Lyme borreliosis and 504 controls）,all observed bands were documented.To establish criteria for a positive WB result for strain PD91,receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used.Results The following interpretation criteria were recommended：for IgG,at least one band of P83/100,P58,P39,P30,OspC,P17,P66,and OspA;for IgM,at least one band of P83/100,P58,OspA,P30,OspC,P17 or P41.In addition,syphilis,leptospirosis and other related diseases should be excluded when the positive band is P41 in IgM.For IgG criteria,the sensitivity is 73.2%,the specificity is 99.4% and Youden index is 0.726;for IgM criteria,the sensitivity is 50.6%,the specificity is 93.1% and Youden index is 0.437.Conclusion Standardization of WB assays is necessary for comparison of results from different laboratories.Moreover,the criteria of other genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato should be determined in the future to complete the criteria of WB for the diagnosis of the Lyme disease in China.

长喙壳Ceratocystis sensu lato真菌引起的杨树病害

该文着重阐述长喙壳属Ceratocystissensu lato中引起杨树溃疡病最重要的病原菌甘薯长喙壳C.fimbriataEll.et Halst.引起的杨树病害的症状、形态学、寄主范围、传播媒介、致病性、寄主的抗病性和病理变化等。

Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato :An overview of the infection in humans

Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato(H.heilmannii s.l.)is a group of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species that are morphologically indistinguishable from each other.H.heilmannii s.l.infect the stomach of several animals and may have zoonotic potential.Although the prevalence of these infections in humans is low,they are associated with gastric pathology,including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,making them a significant health issue.Here,the taxonomy,epidemiology,microbiology,diagnosis,and treatment of these infections will be reviewed.The gastric pathology associated with H.heilmannii s.l.infections in humans will also be addressed.Finally,the features of the complete bacterial genomes available and studies on species-specific pathogenesis will be reviewed.The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric disease development mediated by the different bacterial species that constitute H.heilmannii s.l.is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of these infections.

Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto-related gastric ulcers:A case report

A spiral bacterium (SH9), morphologically different from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), was found in a 62-year-old woman&#x02019;s gastric mucosa. Gastroscopic examination revealed multiple gastric ulcers near the pyloric ring; mapping gastric biopsy showed mild mononuclear infiltration with large lymphoid follicles in the antrum, without corpus atrophy. Urea breath test and H. pylori culture were negative, but Giemsa staining of biopsies revealed tightly coiled bacteria that immunostained with anti-H. pylori antibody. Sequencing of SH9 16S rRNA and the partial urease A and B subunit genes showed that the former sequence had highest similarity (99%; 1302/1315 bp) to Helicobacter heilmannii (H. heilmannii) sensu stricto (H. heilmannii s.s.) BC1 obtained from a bobcat, while the latter sequence confirmed highest similarity (98.3%; 1467/1493 bp) to H. heilmannii s.s. HU2 obtained from a human. The patient was diagnosed with multiple gastric ulcers associated with H. heilmannii s.s. infection. After triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and lansoprazole) with regimen for eradicating H. pylori, gastroscopy showed ulcer improvement and no H. heilmannii s.s. upon biopsy.

Reevaluation of the Holotype of Odorrana schmackeri Boettger,1892(Amphibia:Anura:Ranidae) and Characterization of One Cryptic Species in O.schmackeri sensu lato through Integrative Approaches

The Odorrana schmackeri sensu la to is a group of cascade frogs that are widely distributed in southern China.However,their taxonomy has long been unresolved and several cryptic species have been reported in the past decade.Previous analyses revealed the existence of three sympatrie species(i.c,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) at the type locality of O.schmackeri(Gaojiayan Town,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China).However,the lack of an original description for the holotype specimen(SMF6241) of O.schmackeri poses a confusing and controversial problem in species nomination within this group.Here,we reevaluate the taxonomic affinities of SMF6241 and examine the distinctness of O.sp2 based on specimens from the type locality.We use integrative approaches that combine morphology with 10 microsatellite loci and bioacoustics.Canonical discriminant analysis of morphological characteristics revealed three distinct groupings(i.e.,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) and attributed SMF6241 to O.schmackeri.Genetic clustering analysis of nuclear DNA also identified three corresponding clusters.In addition,analysis of interspecific variation in morphometrics and acoustics showed divergence between O.sp2 and its sympatric congeners.All lines of evidence from morphological,molecular and bioacoustic approaches suggest the species status of O.sp2,namely Odorrana ichangensis Chen,sp.nov.Overall,this study resolves the taxonomic assignment of the holotype of O.schmackeri and provides an example for species delimitation using integrative approaches.

Establishment of Multiple Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis Assay for Genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Detected in China

Objective Human Lyme Borreliosis （LB）, which is caused by Borrefia burgdorferi sensu lato （B. burgdorferi）, has been identified as a major arthropod-borne infectious disease in China. We aimed to develop a multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） analysis （MLVA） assay for the genotyping of Borrelia burgdorJ：eri strains detected in China. Methods B. garinii PBi complete 904.246 kb chromosome and two plasmids （cp26 and Ip54） were screened by using Tandem Repeats Finder program for getting potential VNTR loci, the potential VNTR loci were analyzed and identified with PCR and the VNTR loci data were analyzed and MLVA clustering tree were constrcted by using the categorical coefficient and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA）. Results We identified 5 new VNTR loci through analyzing 47 potential VNTR loci. We used the MLVA protocol to analyse 101 B. burgdorferi strains detected in China and finally identified 51 unique genotypes in 4 major clusters including B. burgdorferi sensu stricto （B.b.s.s）, B. garinii, B. a[zelii, and B. valaisiana, consistent with the current MLSA phylogeny studies. The allele numbers of VNTR-1, VNTR-2, VNTR-3, VNTR-4, and VNTR-5 were 7, 3, 9, 7, and 6. The Hunter-Gaston index （HGI） of five VNTR loci were 0.79, 0.22, 0.77, 0.71, and 0.67, respectively. The combined HGI of five VNTR loci was 0.96. Clustering of the strains of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang was confirmed, and this situation was consistent with the close geographical distribution of those provinces. Conclusion The MLVA protocol esytablished in this study is easy and can show strains＇ phylogenetic relationships to distinguish the strains of Borrelia species. It is useful for further phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses of Borrelia strains.

Combination of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay and Nested PCR for Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Human Serum Samples

A set of universal loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） primers targeting the flo gene was designed to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato （B. burgdorferi s.I.） in human samples. The sensitivity of LAMP was 20 copies/reaction, and the assay did not detect false positives among 11 other related bacteria. A positive LAMP result was obtained for 9 of the 24 confirmed cases and for 12 of 94 suspected cases. The positive rate of LAMP was the same as that of nested PCR. The LAMP is a useful diagnostic method that can be developed for rapid detection of B. burgdorferi s.I. in human sera. Combination of the LAMP and nested PCR was more sensitive for detecting B. burgdorferi s.I. in human serum samples.

基于脂肪酸生物标记法探讨中国沿海六群体绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)的种群遗传

水产动物肌肉中的脂肪酸组成可用于评价其种群遗传。本研究通过测定和比较辽河(LH)、黄河(HH)、长江(YZ)、瓯江(OJ)、闽江(MJ)和南流江(NLJ)水系野生绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)肌肉中的脂肪酸组成,进一步分析了6群体间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。结果显示:(1)在6水系群体中检测出26种脂肪酸,其中C20:5n3、C18:1n9、C22:6n3、C16:0、C20:4n6、C18:2n6和C18:0为主要种类,其总和占总脂肪酸的74%以上;(2)逐步判别分析法筛选出8种判别贡献较大的脂肪酸,分别是C17:0、C18:0、C20:0、C22:1n9、C18:3n3、C18:3n6、C20:2n6和C22:5n3,据此分别建立判别方程,综合判别准确率为98.33%;(3)聚类分析显示:OJ与MJ群体的欧氏距离最小, HH与YZ群体的欧氏距离比OJ与MJ群体的要大,NLJ群体与其他5个群体的欧氏距离相对最大;(4)6群体间脂肪酸含量的变异系数在2.99%—30.00%之间,遗传多样性指数变化幅度在3.2732—3.3204之间。综上,基于脂肪酸生物标记法表明6水系绒螯蟹群体遗传多样性指数均较高,脂肪酸可以有效鉴别6水系野生绒螯蟹种群,整体上南流江群体和其余5群体间相距最远;本研究结果可为绒螯蟹种质资源评价和开发利用等提供基础资料。

Codon Usage of Chloroplast Gene rbcL in Laurencia sensu lato(Rhodophyta)species

Recent advances in molecular biology make it possible to sequence not only genes or genomes,but also to understand codon dynamics.For the organelle genes of these organisms,a small set of preferred codons are used for encoding proteins.For the first time,this paper treats the divergence of synonymous codon usage and its bias in the rbcL gene within the Laurencia complex of red algae.We observed that the synonymous codon preference biases in rbcL are large and differ among species.A clear distinction in codon usage between genera is evident:the genera Dasya and Delesseria use a set that fluctuated between 53 and 58 codons.Whereas,in the genera Ceramium,Chondrophycus,Chlamydomonas,Chlorella,Laurencia s.s,Osmundea,and Palisada codon usage indicates a higher restriction fluctuating between 40 to 51 codons.Laurencia complex genera and other representative algae showed a defined composition pattern,with lower percentage values of NNC/G(7-24.9%).Dasya and Delesseria showed a selective pattern tendency because of high percentage values of NNC/G(54-55%).The estimated codon bias parameters were tested to infer systematic relationships and match suitable codons with the NNC/G codon percentages.Cluster analysis based on Codon Usage supports phylogenetic relationships between Chondrophycus,Palisada,Laurencia,Osmundea,and Yuzurua species.

盅口属Cyathostomum Molin,1861,sensu lato(线虫纲Nematoda,毛线科Trichonematidae)的分类修订

盅口属Cyathostomum Molin,1861,not Cyathostoma Blanchard,1849已经拥有相当多的种,对于这个广义的属的进一步分类,迄今还没有一致的意见,不同作者、不同国家常常各自采用不同的分类系统。为此。

“Sensus Communis”:伽达默尔对常识哲学的重塑

拉丁文"Sensus Communis"既可以被理解为人人皆知、人人皆有的常识(有常识即理智健全),也可以被理解为一种能贯通五种感官并作判断的能力,即共通感或良知。伽达默尔在20世纪启用它,就是要在西方近代理智主义方法论对精神科学的合法性构成重大挑战的背景中,重新让解释学衔接上西方深厚的人文主义传统,从而为精神科学的真理找到丰富的源头活水。不仅如此,"Sensus Communis"还为伽达默尔打开了以伦理学和政治哲学为核心的古代实践哲学大门,从而奠定了解释学的实践哲学走向。生命乃是"Sensus Communis"的前提条件,精神具有一个诞生、发展和死亡的过程,在此意义上,伽达默尔的解释学也可以被视为一种强调人类有限性的生命形而上学。

Classification and applied uses of Bryaceae sensu lato(Musci) in China

The Bryaceae is a large, cosmopolitan, taxonomically difficult moss family. Recent studies based on molecular data alone or in combination with morphological data have greatly changed the understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the Bryaceae s.l. and indicate that the Bryaceae is not monophyletic. Based on phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for four cpDNA regions and morphological data, we revise the traditional Bryaceae in China and transfer six genera to other families. The Mielichhoferiaceae was redefined previously by Hill et al. based on the presence of much-branched stems, apparently lateral gametangia, Pohlia-like leaves, and a more-or-less reduced peristome. Five genera of Mielichhoferiaceae are present in China: Mielichhoferia(four species), Pohlia(27 species, two varieties), Pseudopohlia(one species), Epipterygium(two species), and Synthetodontium(one species). The genera Orthodontium and Leptobryum are transferred from the Bryaceae s.l. to Orthodontiaceae and Meesiaceae, respectively. Members of the recircumscribed Bryaceae belong to five genera: Anomobryum(five species), Brachymenium(14 species), Bryum(54 species, two varieties), Plagiobryum(three species), and Rhodobryum(four species). Bryaceae diversity is high in China. The species have potential uses in medicine, landscaping, environmental protection, and other fields. Rhodobryum roseum(Hedw.) Limpr., Bryum argenteum Hedw., and Rhodobryum giganteum(Schw gr.) Paris have long been used to cure cardiovascular disease in China. Some bioactive compounds will be leading compounds for the future design of novel drugs. In recent years, many species of Bryaceae have been used for landscaping. Bryum spp. are the dominant biotic species in biological soil crusts, which serve important ecological protective functions.

非线性广义分数阶多智能体系统迭代学习趋同控制

针对一类含有扰动的非线性广义分数阶多智能体系统,研究其在不同通信拓扑协议下闭环Dα型迭代学习一致性趋同跟踪问题。首先,基于分数阶微积分特性及广义的Gronwall不等式,给出非线性广义分数阶多智能体系统在固定通信拓扑下一致性趋同误差收敛的充分条件。然后,将所得到的理论结果推广到通信拓扑随迭代变轴变化的情形,并分析了被控多智能体系统趋同跟踪误差的收敛特性。最后,通过2个数值仿真实例验证了所提闭环Dα型迭代学习趋同控制协议的有效性。

风电场联合分布式储能的协同调频策略

从优化风储系统调频动态特性出发,研究了ESS(储能系统)在考虑SOC(荷电状态)情况下协同风电场调频的策略。首先,研究不同风速下DFIG(双馈风机)基于变比例调速实现差异化惯量支撑的策略,进一步利用双层协同控制确定分布式储能协调风电场调频的功率指令。然后,以储能SOC为状态变量,基于一致性算法提出考虑储能SOC和功率调节能力差异的调频功率指令分配策略,实现分布式储能按照SOC状态进行功率分配。最后,通过仿真验证了所提策略的有效性。结果表明,该策略可协调分布式储能与风电场提供调频响应,同时能快速恢复风机MPPT(最大功率点跟踪)运行方式,避免系统二次频率扰动。

金环胡蜂虫草来源真菌的分离鉴定及其代谢产物的抗菌、抗炎活性评价

目的探究金环胡蜂虫草的虫生真菌及内生真菌的多样性,筛选出具有抗菌、抗炎活性的真菌,为活性天然药物的开发提供微生物资源。方法通过稀释涂布法从金环胡蜂虫草有性型虫生真菌的子座和子实体、菌核组织以及虫体三部分分离纯化真菌。采用分子生物学方法对子座和子实体部位以及虫生真菌、内生真菌进行ITS rDNA序列分析,并构建系统发育树以确定种属分类情况。以马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(potato dextrose agar,PDA)对所有真菌进行小规模培养。以6株病原细菌为指示菌,通过牛津杯琼脂扩散法检测真菌代谢产物粗提物的抗菌活性。并构建脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型,对粗提物进行抗炎活性筛选。结果有性型的虫生真菌与蜂头线虫草属真菌Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala的同源性最高(>98%)。从子座、子实体和菌核组织分离获得33株虫生真菌,虫体分离获得21株内生真菌。这54株真菌经鉴定隶属于2门,4纲,9目,11科,16属。活性检测结果显示,10株真菌粗提物表现出对不同病原细菌的抑制作用,38株真菌粗提物具有不同程度的抗炎活性。结论金环胡蜂虫草具有丰富的虫生真菌及内生真菌物种,其代谢产物具有抗菌、抗炎活性,这为后续活性先导化合物的发现提供了有价值的微生物资源。

广义竹叶青蛇属的系统学研究新进展

2004年以来,广义竹叶青蛇的系统学研究取得了较大的进展。本文对这近一年来的最新进展进行概括和报道。