Inversion and Prediction of Consolidation Settlement Characteristics of the Fluvial Sediments Based on Void Ratio Variation in the Northern Modern Yellow River Subaqueous Delta, China

The modern Yellow River delta is formed near the estuary of the Yellow River with the characteristics of short formation time, efficient sedimentation rate and loose structure which make sediments prone to be compacted and consolidate under the geostatic stress and overburden stress. It is one of the key areas with land subsidence disasters in China, bringing a series of safety hazards to production and living. Based on the data of massive surface cores and ten drill holes ranging from 12 to 40 m obtained from the northern modern Yellow River subaqueous delta, the inversion method suitable for the calculation of consolidation settlement characteristics of the modern Yellow River subaqueous delta is discussed, and the consolidation settlement characteristics of the delta sediments are inversed and predicted in this paper. The actual void ratio of the delta sediments at the depth from 3 to 15 m shows a significant power function relationship with the depth, while the void ratio of the sediments below 15 m changes little with depth. The pre-consolidation settlement(from deposition to sampling) of the delta sediments is between 0.91 and 1.96 m, while the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 9.6 and 14.0 cm m^(-1). The post-consolidation settlement(from sampling to stable) of the subaqueous delta sediments is between 0.65 and 1.56 m in the later stage, and the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 7.6 and 13.1 cm m^(-1) under the overburden stress. The delta sediments with a buried depth of 3 to 7 m contribute the most to the possible consolidation settlement in the later stage.

基于Subsampling抽样的厚尾AR(p)序列趋势变点的Ratio检验

文章考虑的是厚尾AR(p)序列趋势变点检验问题。首先,在已有研究的启发下,构造了一个Ratio统计量来检验趋势变点;其次,在原假设下证明统计量的极限分布是列维过程的泛函,在备择假设下得到统计量的一致性;其次,为了避免参数的估计,采用Subsampling方法获得更为准确的临界值,数值模拟结果显示,在大样本下基于Subsampling抽样方法的Ratio检验很好地控制了经验水平,经验势也达到了比较好的效果;最后,通过一组实证数据进一步阐明理论的有效性和可行性。

Protocol for the management of oral surgery patients on warfarin utilizing a Point-of-Care In-Office international normalized ratio monitoring device

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the utility and safety of an In-Office INR Monitoring Device and present a safe and efficient protocol for the management of patients on oral anticoagulants and/or antithrombolytics requiring routine office oral and maxillofacial surgery. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients requiring “minor” oral and maxillofacial surgery being treated chronically with oral anticoagulation (warfarin) were entered into the study and compared in 2 groups. The control group (n = 29) was managed by discontinuing warfarin and any anti-platelet medication(s) prior to surgery. In the study group (n = 30), the decision to continue or withhold warfarin was determined by a protocol in which patients are 1) stratified based on risk for thromboembolism, and 2) classified as requiring “major” or “minor” surgery. Procedures categorized as “minor” surgery included dental extraction(s), dental implants, soft tissue and bone biopsies, and preprosthetic bone surgery, and incision and drainage. Warfarin and antiplatelet medication were not withheld in these patients, and a Point-of-Care In-Office INR Monitoring Device was used to obtain INR levels on the day of consultation and surgery. Local measures including removal of granulation tissue, packing, suturing, etc. were utilized for hemostasis. Results: The 30 patients in the study group maintained on warfarin readily achieved hemostasis using intraoperative local measures. The mean INR measured by the In-Office INR Monitoring Device was 2.36 with a range from 1.3 to 3.2. Study group patients underwent a total of 131 separate procedures including 108 dental extractions (impactions), placement of dental implants, preprosthetic bony surgery, bone cyst removal, soft tissue biopsies, facial skin cancer repair, and incision and drainage. One patient (3%) required “minor” intervention with removal of a “liver clot” on postop day 2 with repacking and suturing. The 29 patients in the control group discontinued off of war farin underwent a total of 99 procedures. One patient (3%) also required a “minor” intervention (repacking of extraction site). There were no “major” complications in either group. Conclusions: This study supports previous studies that minor oral surgery procedures can be safely performed while maintaining patients on warfarin minimizing the risk of a potentially devastating thromboembolic event. When deciding whether or not to withhold warfarin, this study supports the use of the proposed protocol based on 1) risk stratification for thromboembolism, 2) the need for “minor” versus “major” surgery, 3) and utilization of an In-Office INR Monitoring Device. An In-Office Point-of-Care INR measuring device can be a very effective tool to safely simplify and make the perioperative management of the anticoagulated patient more efficient for the patient and oral and maxillo facial surgeon.

Resolution of Two Unequally Bright Points of Apodized Optical Systems with Asymmetric Circular Antenna Arrays

Sparrow criterion of resolution is used for assessment of the resolution of two object points of apodized optical systems under incoherent illumination of light. Semicircular arrays of circular aperture with discrete asymmetric apodization have suppressed side-lobes and a narrower central peak in the image plane termed as PSF good side on alternatively the right and left of the strong spectral point facilitates to detect the presence of weak spectral point in the vicinity of bright spectral point. The results of investigations on optimum discrete pupil function with semicircular arrays on the intensity distributions in the composite image of two object points with widely varying in their intensities under various degree of coherence of illumination have been studied. Sparrow resolution limits and the dip in central intensity as function of degree of coherence of the illumination (γ), intensity ratio (α), degree of asymmetric apodization (b) and number of discrete elements in semicircular array (n). The efficiency of aperture functions is discussed in terms of these parameters. Pupil function capabilities in redistribution of energy in composite image of two object points in close vicinity have been verified for different considerations. Current study has found an improvement in two-point resolution characteristics compared to their unapodized counter part. Fourier analytical properties of an optical system are presented for evaluation of this practical problem.

Stereo Matching of Planar Curves Composed of Time Stamped Points

Matching features such as curve segments in stereo images play a very important role in scene recomtruction. In this paper, a stereo matching algorithm for the trajectories composed of time stamped points is proposed. Based on time stamped points, planar curve match measurements are given first, such as time constraint, cross-ratio invariant constraint and eplpolar geometry constraint; then, a trajectory matching method is proposed based on epipolar geometry constraint and cross-ratio invariant constraint. In order to match the planar curve segments projected by perspective projection system, the curve start time and end time are selected first to prepare match candidates. Then, the epipolar equation is used to discard the unmatched curve segment candidates. At last, a cross ratio invariant constxaint is used to find the most matched curve segments. If their match measurement is higher than the specialized threshold, a candidate with the least cross ratio difference is then selected as the match result; otherwise, no match is found. Unlike the conventional planar curve segments matching algorithm, this paper presents a weakly calibrated binocular stereo vision system which is based on wide baseline. The stamped points are obtained by targets detecting method of flying objects from image sequences. Due to wide baseline, there must exist the projection not in epipolar monotonic order or the curve segments located in very short distance and keeping the epipolar monotonic order. By using the method mentioned above, experiments are made to match planar curve segments not only in epipolar monotonic order but also not in epipolar monotonic order. The results show that the performance of our curve matching algorithm is effective for matching the arc-like planar trajectories composed of time stamped points.

大荷载矿石堆场中深厚吹填软土的地基处理及后评价

吹填淤泥形成陆域是资源利用和环境保护方面的优质解决方案,但当前吹填软土形成陆域的工程中,多数为荷载较小的堆场、工业园区道路、绿化区等。以青岛港董家口港区矿石码头工程20万吨级散货泊位后方预留堆场区的地基处理工程为例,对该工程的设计、施工及使用后6年的情况进行详细阐述,从多个角度展示深厚吹填软土的演变情况,详细介绍土体含水量、孔隙比、抗剪强度等指标在不同时期的变化,对比施工期沉降计算和监测数据,分析不同时期抗剪强度指标下矿石堆存的高度。结果表明,在大荷载矿石堆场中采用吹填软土形成陆域是可行的,通过合理的地基处理方式和有序增加堆存荷载,最终可使矿石堆场达到满载堆存。

基于边缘约束与范数比值的图像盲复原

针对现有的研究方法对运动所引起的模糊图像进行复原时效果欠佳的问题,提出一种基于边缘约束与范数比值的图像盲复原算法.该算法首先对退化图像的边缘进行约束,得到图像的强边缘结构,提高了点扩散函数估计的准确率;然后对要估计的清晰图像构造范数比值的稀疏惩罚约束项,并将得到的强边缘信息与构造的范数比值惩罚约束项进行结合用于指引点扩散函数的复原;在对点扩散函数进行复原时,由粗到细多尺度交替迭代估计点扩散函数,使得迭代出的最大尺度更加精确;最后对图像进行非盲解卷积求解,使其复原.该算法将退化图像的边缘信息与构造的范数比值惩罚约束项进行结合指导点扩散函数的复原,可以抑制图像在复原过程中产生的大量伪迹.实验结果表明,该算法对恢复图像边缘细节具有很好的效果,可以得到优质的复原图像.

一种面向结构沉降的改进型FBG传感器

为了提高光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)型沉降传感器的灵敏度,降低在沉降过程中由于倾斜与温漂所造成的测量偏差,设计了一种面向结构沉降的改进型FBG传感器。该传感器将传统悬臂结构改为直拉结构,减少因沉降倾斜导致的测量误差;通过精确计算2组FBG的波长偏移量的比值,实现对沉降量的准确测量。测试结果表明:该传感器的应变响应量为5.2×10^(-5)ε/N,在0~50 mm内波长偏移量与沉降量成线性关系,其偏差均值优于0.69 mm,灵敏度均值为107.45 pm/mm;测试结果波动均低于1.0%,明显优于传统FBG传感器结构,验证了其具有更好的抗干扰能力。

一种 QAM星座点优化方法及性能分析

正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,QAM)是目前无线通信中大量应用的调制技术,其位于4个角的星座点易受链路的影响而导致较高误码率。提出了一种QAM星座点整形优化方法,并对整形优化后的QAM星座点性能进行了计算机仿真分析。以标准星座点为初始值,通过遗传算法逐步迭代,搜索出抗削峰的星座点,从而降低解调误码。仿真结果表明,相比标准QAM,整形优化后的星座点峰均比降低1 dB@1E-6,且在OBO=3.5 dB时有大约0.3 dB@SER=1E-3的解调增益提升。

公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响

以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化,提高人口整体素质是关键。而流动人口公共健康权益的可获得性和可及性程度又是增强流动人口身体素质、定居意愿、城市融入的关键因素。通过分析2018年全国流动人口动态监测数据(China Migrants Dynamic Survey,简称CMDS),聚焦少数民族流动人口在流入地公共健康权益的现状,进一步使用二分变量对数比回归模型实证分析少数民族流动家庭公共健康权益可及性对定居意愿发生比的影响,关注家庭主要劳动力(个体)和家庭其他成员(幼童、孕产妇)公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响,并探讨不同特征的少数民族流动人口健康权益可及性对家庭定居意愿的异质性影响。研究发现:一是公共健康权益可获得性、可及性程度对少数民族流动人口定居意愿存在显著正向影响,且影响效应存在差异。家庭成员公共健康权益的影响效应大于个体影响效应,但孕产妇公共健康权益可获得性与家庭定居意愿没有显著相关关系。二是不同健康权益项目对单个个体健康权益可及性的影响权重不同。健康档案项目对个体公共健康权益的影响效应最大,疫苗接种项目对幼童公共健康权益的影响效应最大,孕产妇四项公共健康权益项目的作用相差不大。三是不同个体获得公共健康权益数量越多,其定居意愿发生比越高,但影响效应不同。公共健康权益可及性程度对于受教育程度低、夫妻两地分居、省内跨市流动的少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响更大。

赛车道软土路基PHC桩负摩阻力中性点的时间效应

武汉赛车场跑道下伏的深厚软土层给桩基的设计与施工带来不小阻碍,桩基的负摩阻力及其中性点的确定对工程的稳定性具有非常重要的影响。为检验武汉赛车场跑道软土路基的预应力高强度混凝土管桩(PHC)设计的合理性以及为后续桩基改进方案的提供技术支持,选择典型地层开展了堆载作用下桩与桩间土的沉降监测,根据桩与土的相对沉降变化规律研究负摩阻力中性点的时间效应。结果表明,该场地的PHC桩的桩周土沉降约是桩沉降的6倍,具有明显的负摩阻力特性,桩周软弱土的下限深度为13.0 m;随着时间增加,中性点向上移动;中性点深度随时间变化具有三阶段特征,采用指数函数的中性点时间效应预测模型能较好反映中性点初始值、中性点变化规律与速率以及最终稳定值,与规范法比较,预测模型计算的中性点深度具有更高的准确性,由此得到了两个试验场地的中性点稳定值分别为4.43 m与5.72 m。研究还表明三向土工格栅能有效降低桩间土的沉降,也能降低桩-土的差异沉降,使中性点上移,减小负摩阻力,提高桩的承载力。本研究对了解负摩阻力对桩基性能发挥有一定的参考价值。

基于峰值比拟合匹配的时差式气体超声波流量计

时差式气体超声波流量计的回波信号在气体中传播时能量衰减严重,且存在着不同程度的幅值晃动问题。因此如何在幅值晃动的气体回波信号中确定特征点,以准确测量回波信号渡越时间及其顺、逆流渡越时间差,是当前时差式气体超声波流量计信号处理方法的主要研究热点。该文基于超声回波信号的数学模型,研究构建了一种基于峰值比拟合匹配的信号处理方法,利用拟合指标来筛选符合匹配条件的波形。并且通过实际数据验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。

低碳铝镇静钢精炼渣理化性能研究及动态调控

为提升低碳铝镇静钢水的可浇性,基于低碳铝镇静钢精炼渣的热力学计算,研究典型组分CaO/Al2O3(C/A)、SiO_(2)、FeO对精炼渣液相线温度、1650℃黏度和表面张力的影响规律,结合精炼渣理化性能(熔点和黏度-温度曲线)测试结果,建立吹氩直上精炼渣动态调控模型,并投入生产实践应用。结果表明:随着C/A增加,精炼渣熔点在渣中SiO_(2)质量分数为5%时单调升高,在渣中SiO_(2)质量分数为10%时先降后升,另随C/A的增加精炼渣黏度及黏度-温度曲线的转折温度升高;精炼渣组分范围为C/A 0.75~1.50、SiO_(2)质量分数0~10%、FeO质量分数2%~6%时,可获得较低的液相线温度、较高的黏度和表面张力。生产实践中应用建立的模型可实现造渣物料的动态加入,精炼渣理化性能的稳定性得到显著提升,精炼渣的C/A和全铁(TFe)质量分数标准差明显降低;液相线温度、1650℃时的黏度和表面张力平均值分别降低6.9℃、增加0.0206 Pa·s和0.0109 N/m;全氧(TO)质量分数均值由2.78×10(-3)%下降为2.25×10(-3)%,改进了19.1%,钢水的可浇性得到显著改善。

截面型式及槽宽比对高填明洞土压力影响分析

利用离散元软件PFC2D,考虑到土体的离散性与不均匀性,通过分析洞顶平均竖向土压力、内外土柱相对沉降差以及颗粒间接触力链的变化规律,探讨截面型式(矩形、1/4拱形、1/2拱形)及槽宽比(B/b=1.5∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)变化对高填黄土明洞土压力的影响,结合顾安全公式,分析高填明洞沉降差与土压力间的函数关系,并修正该函数,使其可以适用与不同的截面型式与槽宽比下的高填明洞。结果表明:(1)B/b确定,明洞采用矩形截面时,接触力链在洞顶分布,平均土压力更大,明洞采用拱形截面时,平均土压力更小,但拱顶存在局部应力集中现象;(2)明洞截面型式一定,随着B/b的增大,洞顶平均竖向土压力与沉降差均随之增大,当B/b较小时,边坡作用增强,外侧土柱沉降降低,对内土柱的作用力变小,从而导致明洞顶竖向土压力更小;(3)内外土柱沉降差与附加土压力呈线性相关,相对于矩形截面,拱形截面下较小的沉降差会产生相同的附加土压力,更有利于结构的稳定。

加筋曲板结构抗弯承载能力分析

将正方、蜂窝和内凹加筋构型引入热塑性聚乳酸曲板结构,在三点弯曲工况下,通过实验测试和仿真计算研究了加筋构型、弯曲程度和内外侧加筋方式对其抗弯承载能力的影响,并对实验和仿真结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加筋构型的热塑性聚乳酸加筋曲板结构的抗弯承载能力存在一定差异,负泊松比内凹构型有助于结构承载和抗裂,但主要影响线弹性阶段,在塑性屈服阶段蜂窝构型抗断裂能力更好。结构的抗弯承载能力与其弯曲程度成反比。改变蜂窝构型和内凹构型的胞元内角度能够提升结构承载能力。采用外侧加筋方式的结果优于内侧加筋方式,两者的最大应力均位于各自的面板层。

基于循环神经网络的超大直径盾构掘进地表沉降预测方法研究

为了研究超大直径盾构掘进过程地面沉降规律,以武汉市和平大道南延线盾构工程为研究对象,首先收集了超大直径盾构下穿过程掘进参数和地层地质参数,并使用盾构掘进过程深跨比描述超大直径盾构影响特征;其次,通过收集现场沉降测点数据分析盾构隧道施工阶段地表沉降的影响范围,计算了90%、95%、99%三种置信区间下地表沉降影响范围;最后,选取不同范围内的多元时序数据作为输入参数,分别建立了基于贝叶斯优化算法(BO)的长短期记忆(LSTM)、BP神经网络和随机森林(RF)大直径盾构地面沉降预测模型.模型运行过程中,通过贝叶斯优化算法分别寻找三种不同模型下的最优超参数,并通过四种评价指标对比模型精度.结果如下:①在90%置信水平下三种算法均表现出最高精度,通过区间计算筛选有效输入参数能有效提高模型预测精度;②LSTM对隧道沉降的预测结果优于传统机器学习算法模型,MAPE最低达到8.91%,R^(2)达到90%.

油茶壳与煤掺混燃烧提升灰样的灰熔融温度

生物质与煤混合燃烧是减轻碳排放最有效的方法之一,对节约使用煤炭资源,发展生物质能源具有重要意义。以油茶壳(CS)和神木煤(SM)为研究对象,借助X射线荧光仪、X射线衍射仪、灰熔点测试仪和扫描电子显微镜,分析了不同掺混比的油茶壳与神木煤混合物(CS-SM)燃烧后的灰熔融特性。研究结果表明:添加CS能够明显改变CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度;CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度随着CS-SM中CS质量分数的增加而增加,其中软化温度增加的幅度最大,变形温度增加的幅度最小;当CS-SM中油茶壳掺混比不低于70%时,CS-SM灰的流动温度大于1 350℃,符合固态排渣要求;油茶壳与神木煤混合,在燃烧过程中发生了相互作用,生成了方解石、钙黄长石、六方钾霞石、方镁石等高熔点矿物质,从而导致了CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度升高;由扫描电镜图可知,CS-SM燃烧比较充分,灰渣颗粒随着CS-SM中CS质量分数的增加而增大。

电力现货市场阻塞费用结算机制分析

节点边际电价价格机制下,试点省份阻塞费用结算机制存在差异,需进行系统的分析。为此,首先从问题的本质出发,梳理了阻塞相关术语的内涵;然后,基于统一的内涵,对比分析了典型现货试点省份阻塞费用结算机制关键异同点;最后,对用户统一结算点电价计算、中长期合约阻塞费收取、阻塞盈余分摊等问题进行分析,提出了相关建议。

引入空间修正入河系数的改进输出系数模型研究——以长江流域为例

针对长江流域开展面源污染负荷研究具有重要实践意义。传统输出系数模型为集总式模型,无法体现污染物的空间差异性,且未考虑污染源和受纳水体之间的污染物迁移损失,计算结果常为产污量而非入河量。为了降低区域自然地理条件差异造成的模拟结果的误差,综合考虑污染物在输移过程中受降雨、地形、植被和距离等因子的影响,对传统的Johnes输出系数模型引入空间修正的入河系数,构建具有空间分布性的改进输出系数模型。将改进后的输出系数模型应用于长江流域,对长江流域干流自上至下9个监测断面的总磷、化学需氧量进行模拟。分别将集总式输出系数模型和引入空间修正入河系数的改进输出系数模型的模拟结果与实测值进行比较,结果显示改进后的输出系数模型模拟精度较改进前显著提高,为流域面源污染综合治理提供参考依据和理论支撑。

基于虚拟功率比的柔性直流输电系统短路故障检测方法

柔性直流输电具有潮流灵活、输送能力强的优点,快速、灵敏的故障检测技术对直流系统的安全稳定运行极其重要。由于过渡电阻和限流电抗器的存在以及测量噪声的影响,使得故障后的暂态特征微弱,进而使得多数故障检测方法的应用受限。为此,提出了一种基于虚拟功率比的柔性直流输电系统短路故障识别方案。首先,分析了多端直流输电系统的故障特性,利用虚拟接地点简化故障后的等效电路,明确了发生区内外故障的特征差异。在此基础上,提出虚拟功率比以增强故障发生后的特征差异,分析了不同工况下的虚拟功率比的特点,提出基于双端非同步虚拟功率比的故障保护策略。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了四端直流输电系统模型,对各种工况下的故障检测性能进行仿真验证。结果表明:所提保护策略能够实现对直流故障的准确识别,只需20 kHz的采样频率,即可在1 ms内完成故障检测,且对过渡电阻、噪声具有较强的耐受能力,相比于其他故障保护方法具有显著优势。