Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a thunderstorm on June 10,2021

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has three sub-arrays,KM2A,WCDA,and WFCTA.The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during a thunderstorm on June 10,2021.The number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields,with a maximum fractional increase of 20%.The variations in trigger rates(increases or decreases)were found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle.The flux of secondary particles increased significantly,following a trend similar to that of shower events.To better understand the observed behavior,Monte Carlo simulations were performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A(a code based on GEANT4).We found that the experimental data(in saturated negative fields)were in good agreement with the simulations,assuming the presence of a uniform electric field of-700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level.Due to the acceleration/deceleration by the atmospheric electric field,the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold was modified,resulting in the changes in shower detection rate.

Showers with large zenith angles observed in emulsion chambers

Showers with large zenith angles are observed in emulsion chambers exposed at Mt.Kanbala.The intensity of high energy muons is given and the multicore showers with large zenith angles are found.It is indicated that a new phenomenon may exist in the high energy nuclear interactions of cosmic rays.

Cosmic ray energy spectrum from measurements of air showers

This review focuses on high-energy cosmic rays in the PeV energy range and above. Of particular interest is the knee of the spectrum around 3 PeV and the transition from cosmic rays of Galactic origin to particles from extra-galactic sources. Our goal is to establish a baseline spectrum from 1014 to 10^20 eV by combining the results of many measurements at different energies. In combination with measurements of the nuclear composition of the primaries, the shape of the energy spectrum places constraints on the number and spectra of sources that may contribute to the observed spectrum.

A new method of discovering new meteor showers from the IMO single-station video meteor database

It has been found that unknown meteor showers could be efficiently discovered from the single station video meteor database of the International Meteor Organization(IMO) by assuming the geocentric velocity and adjusting it within the dynamically permitted range. The mean geocentric velocities of new meteor showers can be obtained,as well as the coordinates of the radiants. The activity period and maximum time can also be obtained if there are sufficient shower meteors. All single station video meteor observations between February 13 and 17(from 2000 to 2005) in IMO's database are processed with this method. As a result,two new meteor showers,one near RA=245.10°,Dec=41.82° in Hercules and the other near RA=233.03°,Dec=17.04° in Serpenids,are discovered. Some dynamical characteristics of the new meteor showers are also determined. Considering the random nature on the selection of period in this work,it is expected that there are some more potential new meteor showers in IMO's video database.

A method for the separation and reconstructions of charged hadron and neutral hadron from their overlapped showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter

The separation and reconstructions of charged hadron and neutral hadron from their overlapped showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter is very important for the reconstructions of some particles with hadronic decays, for example the tau reconstruction in the searches for the Standard Model and supersymmetric Higgs bosons at the LHC. In this paper, a method combining the shower cluster in an electromagnetic calorimeter and the parametric formula for hadron showers, was developed to separate the overlapped showers between charged hadron and neutral hadron. Taking the hadronic decay containing one charged pion and one neutral pion in the final status of tau for example, satisfied results of the separation of the overlapped showers, the reconstructions of the energy and positions of the hadrons were obtained. An improved result for the tau reconstruction with this decay model can be also achieved after the application of the proposed method.

April Showers Bring Inflation Flowers

While the Chinese economy regains momentum,anxieties remain constant as the seeds ofinflation may be growing Nearly two years after the devastating financial crisis, China’s greenshoots of economic recovery arein full bloom.

Application of the parametric for mulae for electromagnetic showers in unconverted γ/π~0 discrimination

In the LHC experiment, the neutral pions produced during jet fragmentation are the background sources for all physics channels with high-energy photons in their final state. In this paper, the application of the three-dimensional parametric formula for electromagnetic （EM） showers, which we developed in the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer II experiment, is presented to distinguish the unconverted photons from the neutral pions. With the constructed electromagnetic calorimeter （ECAL） in a GEANT4 simulation, the parametric formulae were validated and the unconverted γ/π0 discrimination was performed with the Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis （TMVA） package in ROOT for different transverse energies ranging from 15 GeV to 75 GeV, which is the most sensitive region for light Higgs （with mass ～120 GeV） searches with the channel H → γγ. With this discrimination method and the selected transverse energy region, we can reject π0 with the effciency from ～ 40% （65–75 GeV） to ～ 90% （15–25 GeV） when keeping 90% γ effciency.

Relationship and Variability of Atmospheric Precipitation Characteristics in the North-West of Ukraine

The paper deals with the issues of differentiation of atmospheric precipitation into gradations according to their characteristics and established meteorological practices.The division of atmospheric precipitation into gradations allows one to have an idea of the possible consequences of their fallout on life in the area.The dependence of the average intensity of precipitation on their duration for the entire series of observations is not described by a power-law dependence with a sufficient degree of reliability,and when differentiating into gradations according to the amount of precipitation(<2.5 mm,2.5-10 mm,≥10 mm),the dependences are obtained with a high degree of correlation.The scatter of points can be explained by the presence of intermediate categories of precipitation,which does not take into account the accepted division of the data.Thus,for large values of the amount of precipitation,the existence of a sepa­rate curve is possible,since the existing classifications of precipitation imply the division of heavy showers into sepa­rate gradations.Differentiation of rains by their duration shows a stronger stratification of the field of points for shorter rains(up to 60 minutes).This stratification of the field of points is successfully differentiated into shorter segments of 20,30 minutes.Associated with the greater heterogeneity of shorter precipitation,it can be both rains of low intensi­ty and heavy downpours of short duration.The probability of the position of the maximum intensity of precipitation during rain has more significant differences for precipitation less than 2.5 mm(the curves are more curved).For rains with a precipitation amount of 2.5 mm or more,the probability curves approach straight lines,which is associated with greater heterogeneity of precipitation less than 2.5 mm.

NSRL电子储存环束流损失过程的Monte-Carlo计算

高能电子和物质相互作用是一个级联簇射 (shower)物理过程。 NSRL电子储存环 (HLS)束流损失监测系统利用这一原理 ,通过探测束流损失电子在储存环真空室外表面产生的 shower电子 ,给出束流损失的有关信息。本文利用 Monte- Carlo方法 ,采用 EGS4软件包 ,对束流损失电子与真空室壁相互作用的过程进行模拟 ,给出了真空室外表面 shower电子的分布特点 :(1) shower电子在真空室外表面是前冲性很强的粒子 ;(2 )在垂直方向的分布是比较窄的对称分布 ,对束流损失探测器的安装有一定的要求 ;(3)打在真空室内侧壁上的电子及其产生的 shower电子有机会反射到外侧壁 ,并进一步发生 shower过程 ,但其影响会低两个量级以上 ;(4) shower电子在真空室外表面上的分布 。

WZ Sagittae, SN 1054, and SN 1006 Space Weather--Global Warming

The proof of three different nova or supernova debris streams impacting the planet and causing global warming is shown by studying the effects, locations, and timings for specific thermal and destructive events in the northern and southern hemisphere. Global warming is not manmade and reducing fossil fuel emissions is not the solution to protect the populations of different countries from catastrophic events due to increased thermal energy storage for the planet, The burning of atoms of incoming debris streams from exploding stars produces energy and greenhouse gases that cause the average temperature of our planet to increase. India is the current hotspot due to the location of the deflected western terminus of SN 1006. Hotspots occur that are not as obvious as the India case, but melting sea ice exposes the debris streams＇ hotspot activities. The incoming momentum of a debris stream can displace a large amount of polar atmosphere upon impact causing unusually extreme freezing conditions at lower latitudes like the year without a summer of 1812. The third tine of Satan＇s pitchfork known as high sea surface temperatures indicating El Nino is located directly between the north and south hotspots and occurs during initial high particle densities related to impact of the debris stream.

The Third Peak of the 1998 Leonid Meteor Shower

The Leonid meteor shower in November 1998 was observed widely by astronomers. The first peak, rich in bright meteors, appeared about 16 hours before the predicted maximum of the main shower. The main shower was also observed by both optical and radio methods during 19:00-21:00 UT on Nov. 17, and the radio peak was over 2500h-1. About 18 hours after the main shower, an abnormal phenomenon in the ionosphere was detected by two separate ionosphere observing stations. And the very high abnormal phenomenon maintained over one hour. The phenomenon showed that the ionosphere was injected with a large amount of small dust particles that could not be observed in optical and radio. The Observational results show that the Leonid meteor shower in 1998 had three peaks.

Risk Factors for Conjunctival Microorganism Colonization in Adults Undergoing Intraocular Surgery

Purpose: To assess prevalence of and risk factors for conjunctival colonization and types of organisms among adults undergoing elective intraocular surgery. Setting: Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. Methods: A prospective study conducted in the Ophthalmology Department at Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel between May 1, 2006 and August 31, 2007. Included were adults undergoing elective intraocular surgeries. Conjunctival cultures were obtained from the lower fornix, prior to application of prophylactic decolonization treatment and were processed using routine microbiological techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic and medical data of our patient cohort were obtained from all participants. Results: Cultures were obtained from 501 patients. (Mean age 69.7 ± 12.0 years) of whom 52.1% were females. In 208 patients (40.5%) bacteria grew in conjunctival cultures, one type in 175 (34.9%) one, and two types in 28 (5.6%). In none fungi were isolated. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent bacteria isolated. By multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for conjunctival bacterial colonization were spring/summer seasons (OR 1.64, CI 1.15 - 2.36, P < 0.007), and showering on the day of the operation (OR 1.73, CI 1.11 - 2.69, P < 0.01). Conclusions: In addition to previously known risk factors for conjunctival microorganism colonization, the present study found showering on the morning of the operation, possibly related to bacteria on towels or in the eyelids and lashes, and time of year (spring/summer) perhaps resulting from higher temperature and humidity related to the presence of conjunctival bacteria to be significant in adults undergoing intraocular surgery.

Suggesting a Very Simple Experiment Designed to Detect Tachyons

Production of tachyons in, among other things, air showers would be in accordance with predictions of general relativity. Some such tachyons would travel with a precisely determined speed, almost equal to 5c/3 relative to the earth, and would be registered high above the region of creation of air showers, e.g. on board of a satellite. A very simple experiment designed to detect these tachyons is outlined here. Brief justification to search for tachyons is also given.

Modeling of Radon and Its Short-Lived Decay Products during Showering: Dose to Adult Members of the Public

Human exposure to radon inside different parts of the house has become a great concern. In this study, the distribution of radon and its decay inside the shower will be numerically investigated. In fact, the radon concentration in water is measured through the use of AlphaGUARD. They are used as an input for CFD simulation. The numerical results proved that temperature and humidity have significant impacts on both radon content and distribution. Also, the equilibrium factor variations between radon and its progeny with the temperature and relative humidity were carefully looked at. The equivalent doses due to 218Po and 214Po were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the shower. The annual effective dose due to radon short lived decay from the inhalation of air inside the shower by the members of the public was also investigated.

Investigation into the Effects of SORxSOAP in the Job-Related Performance of Deli Meat Slicers over a One-Month Period

Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization is well researched and widely accepted to improve circulation, decrease pain, improve function, increase strength, and promote overall soft tissue health. However, the administration of this intervention, in most cases, is limited to the brief amounts of time we spend mobilizing our soft tissue. SORxSOAP offers a pragmatic strategy by which one may mobilize their soft tissue while simultaneously showering or washing a specific part of their body. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects SORxSOAP has on functional measures of upper extremity activity in the slicing hands of employees at a corporate deli franchise over the course of a one-month period. 31 employees of a corporate deli franchise were asked to participate in a study involving the use of SORxSOAP. The subjects were assigned to experimental and control groups rough random sampling. Twenty-one subjects in the experimental group were given a one month’s supply of SORxSOAP to use on a regular basis while showering. Ten subjects in the control group were not exposed to any independent variable. The subjects from both groups completed a questionnaire that asked the subjects to rate the level of ease at which specific job-related activities were for them to perform. Hand-strength/grip and range of motion measurements were also taken utilizing a handheld dynamometer and goniometer respectively by one evaluator both before and after a one-month duration of the experimental group’s exposure to SORxSOAP. Independent t-tests were performed to test the difference between pre and post-test values for the control and experimental groups. It was found that SORxSOAP significantly improves wrist flexion range of motion, results in significantly greater improvements in hand-grip strength compared to control, and significantly improves wrist extension range of motion over a one-month period. Improvements in the ease of job-related activities also appear to be correlated to the use of SORxSOAP for items #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9. Significant differences were also found between the slicing and non-slicing hands for pre-test wrist extension range of motion measurements, indicating the presence of possible over-use injury in occupations and activities placing excessive demand on certain body regions. This provides isolated evidence that supports the notion that SORxSOAP could be a viable option for preventing the steady decline of wrist extension range of motion and actually promoting and maintaining soft tissue and overall joint health, making it clear how further investigation into the effects of SORxSOAP can not only improve joint and soft tissue health, but prevent the emergence of joint and soft tissue impairment entirely. Clinical Bottom Line: The use of SORxSOAP has the potential to significantly improve muscle and soft tissue performance and function over a period of one month.

tokyo boy cam Take a shower～出门之前～ 甲斐翔真

2015年开始演员活动,并迅速试镜成功《假面骑士EX-AID》。随后,他出演小岩井生乳酸奶的CM《妈妈变了》篇,引发'那个帅气的儿子是谁'的话题讨论,职业发展顺利的甲斐翔真。童颜的他,却有着185cm的身高和踢球锻炼出来的结实身材,给人反差萌的印象。未来可期的21岁的他,在森荣喜的镜头下书写——。

Shower It,In Your Bathroom

Technology always brings us surprise and change life everyday. What you said,when you do your wool suits domestic cleaning with warm water at about 40° C,at your bathroom?Crazy?Easy-care?Wow,it's all about MerinoFreshTM!

Monte Carlo方法在核辐射医学中的应用

在放射性治疗(外照射或内照射)疑难病症(如癌症)及重症病过程中,病体所受剂量及其分布是治疗过程中必须考虑的问题。当射线进入人体后各部分受到的剂量必须要进行理论计算。射线在人体内的反应机制是光子和电子偶合输运过程,非常复杂,一般数值方法难于求解。Monte Carlo方法是解决本类问题十分有效的方法。该文将Monte Carlo方法应用到核辐射医学中,叙述了两种体内剂量场分布的Monte Carlo计算方法:沉积能量法和通量转换法。为了提高计算效率,给出了几种实用的技巧。最后,介绍了一个应用实例。

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A−a performance study

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV.Even though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019.In this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy.We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020.With the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power.The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments.This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

^(60)Co远程治疗机剂量场分布的Monte Carlo计算

基于60Co放射源的远程治疗机是常用的放疗设备。对治疗机的靶区做精确的剂量计算有助于确保放疗质量。传统的半经验解析方法在计算上适用范围小,几何模型稍显复杂之后就难以得到理想的结果。本文使用Monte Carlo方法,借助于EG S4软件包计算了不同射野下60Co远程治疗机在水膜体中的三维剂量场分布。为了提高抽样效率,对源粒子的运动方向采用了解析方法确定。将得到的计算结果与用RTS-200S自动扫描水箱测量的离轴剂量和中心轴深度剂量比较,二者符合得很好。