Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behaviour motives:A crosssectional study

Objectives:The motives that lead to nurses’workplace silence behaviour are essential to understand,as the failure to voice their concerns and maintain silence may cause various adverse outcomes,including burnout,turnover,job dissatisfaction,low productivity,and mental and moral distress.This study aimed to identify the level and influencing motives of the workplace silence behaviour among nurses at the National Guard Hospital in Madinah.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in January and February 2023.The participants completed a questionnaire with two parts:the sociodemographic data form and the Workplace Silence Behavior Nursing Motives Scale.Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and the chi-square test.Results:The overall level for all workplace silence behavior motives is moderate(3.29±0.69),with Avoidance Motives dimension receiving the highest scores(3.62±0.75)and Organization-Oriented Motives dimension receiving the lowest(3.15±0.86).Chi-square test showed that Saudi nationality(X^(2)=0.015,P=0.019)and monthly income(X^(2)=0.045,P?0.013)are factors in high-moderate levels of silence behaviour.Conclusions:The overall level of workplace silence behaviour motives was found to be moderate,nurses have higher monthly salaries and non-Saudi nationals tend to have higher levels of workplace silence behaviour motives.The study results provide a reference for nursing managers to pay attention to nurses’workplace silence behavior and take corresponding intervention measures.

Writing the Silenced Female Body, Scrutinizing the Grand Narrative of Colonization and Decolonization: The Body in Zoë Wicomb’s David’s Story

David’s Story by Zoë Wicomb addresses the complexities of representing female suffering and the limitations of traditional historical narratives in capturing the experiences of marginalized bodies.It challenges the grand narratives of national history by emphasizing the indispensable role of women’s experiences.Through characters like Dulcie and Rachael,Wicomb portrays the female body as a site of resistance and resilience,highlighting the need for more nuanced and inclusive ways of documenting history.Underscoring the inexpressibility of trauma and the limitations of language and representation,the novel self-reflexively acknowledges its own aporia of completing the narrative,embodying the ongoing struggle to capture the full breadth of human experience.

From Silence to Voice： An Interpretation of Black Motherhood in Sula

Toni Morrison has made great achievements in American literary history. In her famous work Sula, motherhood is an essential theme which has attracted public attention. This essay interprets the abnormal maternal love provided by silenced black mothers in Sula and the ways for black women to break the silence.

Different uses of silence both in high-context and low-context cultures

Silence, as a form of nonverbal communication, may be interpreted in various ways depending upon the culture. The purpose of this study is to explain misunderstanding concerned with the uses of silence in conversations situated in different cultural backgrounds, and then give possible methods to avoid it. The explanation is mainly based on the two categories related to the context posed by Edward Hall： high-context culture ＆ low-context culture. In this part, the study also contrasts distinct verbal styles in America ＆ Japan, in addition, it analyses different attitudes towards silence from three aspects： traditional value, religion and power distance. At end, the study is concluded with four solutions that try to solve the problem.

An Exact Solution for Acoustic Simulation Based Transmission Loss Optimization of Double-Chamber Silencer

The optimization of the acoustic silencer volume is very important to develop it and to get high-performance,the importance of the silencer was appeared in industrial field to eliminate the noise of the duct by efficient and economical method.The main goal of this research is to optimize the transmission loss(TL)by analytical method of the Double-Chamber Silencer(DCS),the TL has been selected as the main parameter in silencer because it does not based on the source or the termination impedances.First we calculated the power transmission coefficient(PTC)and the TL of an acoustic silencer,then used the Lagrange method to optimize the silencer length.All calculation of silencer data is obtained by solving the governing equations in commercial software Matlab®.A several calculations for different silencer length at many frequency ranges were performed simultaneously.Finally,this research supports the efficient and rapid techniques for DCS optimal design under narrow space.The results show that the acoustic TL is maximized at the desired frequency.

Understanding the Cultural Specificity behind Silence and Reticence in the EAP Classroom

Non-native-English-speaking (NNS) students' silent and reticent behaviour,which make the EAP (English for Academic Purpose) class seem ineffective and boring,might be unfavourably evaluated by a native English speaker of Western culture. By giving an overview of international students' inactive participation in the classroom,which prevents teachers from Western culture making a proper judgement on study mood,this paper will explore culturally based perceptions of international students' silent and reticent behaviour in the EAP classroom,and analyse the reasons behind NNS students' silent reaction.

The Study on Communicative Functions of Silence Based on the Revelence Theory

Silence,as a type of non-verbal communication,expresses special meanings of the speakers.The core of this study is focused on the functions of silence in conversations from the famous American TV series Prison Break(Season I),in order to reveal that silence,as an important tool in human communication,has richness of meaning and complexity of use.

The Power of Silence in To the Lighthouse

Traditionally, silence is regarded as an absence, inaction, emptiness, or inferiority, but it figures in Woolf's novels as a presence, power, creativity, and superiority, and infused with a new psychic and narrative life. The present paper will examine Woolf's expression of silence in her masterpiece To the Lighthouse to reveal the power of silence.

An Analysis of the Cause of College Student’s English Classroom Silence and Its Solution from the Perspective of Pragmatics

This study is aimed at the common classroom silence phenomenon in contemporary college English class. First of all, thispaper explains the meaning of silence from the pragmatic point of view, and takes the students in the Xi’an Innovation College ofYan’an University for instance. Based on a questionnaire survey of 200 students in the Xi’an Innovation College of Yan’an Univer-sity, the reasons are analyzed from two perspectives of teachers and students. This paper makes an analysis of all kinds of factors,so as to put forward effective solutions to eliminate the classroom silence.

The Voice of Silence in Communication——from cross-culture perspective

This paper makes a study of silence from cross-culture perspective and holds that silence is an indispensable component of human communication without which the proper decoding of the information would be impossible.

CFD analysis of sound pressure in tank gun muzzle silencer

The high pressure waves generated due to muzzle blast flow of tank gun during firing is a critical issue to examine. The impulsive noise from the gun has various negative effects such as damage of human bodies, damage of structures, creating an environmental, social problem and also military problems such as exposure of location of troops. This high pressure impulsive sound, generated during the blast flow, was studied and attenuated. An axisymmetric computational domain was constructed by employing Spalart Allmaras turbulence model. Approximately 90% of pressure and 20 dB of sound level are reduced due to the use of the three baffle silencer at the muzzle end of the gun barrel, in comparison with the tank gun without silencer. Also, the sound pressure level at different points in the ambient region shows the same attenuation in results. This study will be helpful to understand the blast wave characteristics and also to get a good idea to design silencer for large caliber weapon system.

Time-domain CFD computation and analysis of acoustic attenuation performance of water-filled silencers

The multi-dimensional time-domain computational fluid dynamics(CFD) approach is extended to calculate the acoustic attenuation performance of water-filled piping silencers. Transmission loss predictions from the time-domain CFD approach and the frequency-domain finite element method(FEM) agree well with each other for the dual expansion chamber silencer, straight-through and cross-flow perforated tube silencers without flow. Then, the time-domain CFD approach is used to investigate the effect of flow on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of perforated tube silencers. The numerical predictions demonstrate that the mean flow increases the transmission loss, especially at higher frequencies, and shifts the transmission loss curve to lower frequencies.

Trans-acting factors from the human fetal liver bindingto the human ε-globin gene silencer

The developmental stage-specific silencing of the human ε-globin gene during embryonic life is controlled, inpart, by the silencer (-392bp～-177bp) upstream of thisgene. In order to elucidate its role, the nuclear extractfrom the human fetal liver has been prepared and the interactions between trans-acting factors and this silencerelement have been examined. By using DNasel footprinting assay, a major protected region from -278bp to -235bpwithin this silencer element was identified. Furthermore,we found in gel mobility shift assay and Southwestern blotting assay that there were at least four trans-acting factors (MW ≈ 32, 28, 26 and 22kD) in the nuclear extractisolated from the human fetal liver, which could specifically bind to this region. Our results suggested that thesetrans-acting factors might play an important role in silencing the human embryonic ε-globin gene expression at thefetal stage through the interactions with this silencer.

Making darkness visible:breaking the silence on HIV travel restrictions

Dear editors:In the beginning of the 1980’s when the ignorance,the fear and the prejudice in response to IIIV were common,a lot of countries set restrictions for those infected who arrived and wanted to live in those countries.Besides the significant progress in the knowledge achieved since then,mainly how the virus is transmitted,and how it is not。

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method (CBEM), the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.

Silence in WAITING FOR GODOT

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从文体学角度看英文歌曲The sound of silence的歌词

The sound of silence是美国著名电影The Graduate(《毕业生》)的主题曲,在成就《毕业生》这部经典之作的诸多因素中,主题曲The sound of silence无疑是一个很大的亮点,当这首歌曲一度风靡美国时,这首歌曲的创作者保罗西蒙和演绎者阿特加芬克尔名气大增。本文运用现代文体学理论,从语言描述、语境因素和语篇分析三个方面分析这首歌曲的文体特征,使人们更好地理解和鉴赏这首英文歌曲。

＂Life Comes as Spring Comes, From All Sides＂1： Constructing and Reconstructing Silence in The Noise of Time

This paper focuses on a non-linear relationship between the course of one individual＇s life and its creative reshaping in the literary work of art as experienced in Julian Barnes＇s novel The Noise of Time. Contemplating a creative process of writing, the author seems to insist on a symbiosis between art and life. Writing about Shostakovich, he goes on challenging aWs ability to deliver a clear message about life： how to put what one has experienced into words？ A creative dialogue thus established between a non-speaking, extra-linguistic, and unique self and its verbal representation in literature is built upon a relational nature of the said and the not-said. Eloquent silence is employed to transpose one＇s life experience into the realm of verbal represenation. Focusing on the limits of verbal representation, Barnes＇ character in The Noise of Time similarly strives to grasp a meaning of the relationship among language, ＂silence＂, and liberation from the self. Refiguring silence as one of the most valuable narrative devices, the text challenges the illusory nature of historical time, of historical places, and of selfhood

An Analysis of Heathcliff's Silence in Wuthering Heights

Heathcliff is a highly controversial character in Emily Bront 's canon Wuthering Heights. He is depicted as an incredi ble conglomeration of enigmas and simplicity, aloofness and affinity, ferocity and vulnerability, inhumanity and heroicity, a man who appears more silent and preoccupied than talkative and carefree, inaudible and incalculable in both words and thoughts. The author of this paper considers that there is much left to be read and contemplate on in Heathcliff's silence and thus make a tempa tive research into Heathcliff's silence by discerning its manifestations and probing its causes, in order to resonate with the inner touch of this complicated soul and relate his silence with the spirit that Emily Bront wished to deliver through Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff's silence manifests as muteness, elusion and colloquial or physical violence. In his whole life, Heathcliff inter mittently experiences the self-chosen silence and the forced silence. He chooses to be silence out of self-protection and the infe riority complex; he considers silence as a token of masculinity. And the ruthless force from outside also compels him into a periph eralized situation where he has to keep silent and struggles against the torture and torment alone.

Analysis of Silences in “The Dumb Waiter”

Harold Pinter is one of the famous absurdist play writer in England. His works and language are full of absurd color,which is the focus of critics. Silence is a trademark of Harold Pinter's writing. He uses it to an exquisite manner that he forms his individual"Pinteresque"silence. Silences in his play appear many times and act as a natural barrier for true self. This paper will take Pinter's early work"The Dumb Waiter"for example to analysis the wide usage of silences in the play. The paper tries to un mask the truth under silences. And by exploring the two types of silences, we can see characters' true emotion and intention un derground.