Towards an Understanding of Situated Learning:Students' Perceptions in an Interpretation Course

Situated learning approach has been applied in various teaching contexts, and increasing advocations have been shown in the particular context of language teaching. This study applied situated learning appoach in the interpretation course of college English major students and is designed to gain the students' perception of stuated learning. From the study, it is found that most of the students showed their positive attitudes towards situated learning approach applied in their interpretation course and enjoyed their learning in such learning enviroment. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve their satisfaction. Teachers need to explore more for creating authentic atmosphere in the interpretation course to arise students' interest and passion to a greater degree.

Relationships between Features of EmergingAdulthood, Situated Decisions toward PhysicalActivity, and Physical Activity among CollegeStudents: The Moderating Role of ExerciseIntensity Tolerance

A significant portion of emerging adults do not achieve recommended levels of physical activity (PA). Previous studies observedassociations between features of emerging adulthood and PA levels, while the potential psychological mechanisms that mightexplain this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this context, there is some evidence that situated decisions towardphysical activity (SDPA) and exercise-intensity tolerance might influence PA level. To provide empirical support for thisassumption, the current study investigated whether (i) features of emerging adulthood are linked to SDPA, which, in turn,might affect PA engagement;(ii) exercise-intensity tolerance moderate the relationship between SDPA and PA level;and (iii)SDPA is a mediator of the relationship between features of emerging adulthood and PA levels under the prerequisite thatexercise-intensity tolerance moderates the link between SDPA and PA engagement. In this study a group of 1,706 Chinesecollege students was recruited and asked to complete a set of questionnaires assessing their SDPA, PA levels, exercise-intensitytolerance, and features associated with emerging adulthood, namely Self-exploration, Instability, and Possibility. Our resultsindicated that SDPA positively predicted PA levels and this relationship became stronger when exercise-intensity tolerance wasused as a moderator. Furthermore, it was observed that individuals with a higher level of Instability and a lower level ofPossibility during emerging adulthood exhibited a lower level of SDPA. Taken together, the results of our study providefurther insights on a potential psychological mechanism linking features of emerging adulthood and physical activity.

Situated Learning as Legitimate Peripheral Participation

The theory of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation(LPP)is widely applied in the educational field.But understandings of it are diversified so that quite a lot of these understandings in literature are not in conform to the spirit of the theory.Thus,drawing on literature review,this paper attempts to explicate the theory from three aspects:practical and philosophical base,the central ideas of the theory,and its difference from the cognitive learning theory,aiming to contribute to an easier understanding of it by readers and researchers.

A Situated Learning Practice for Language Teaching Classes： Teaching Spoken English With Authentic Sketches

SL （situated learning） is a term first proposed by Lave and Wenger （1991） as a model of learning in a community of practice. According to Lave and Wenger （1991）, learning should not be viewed as simply the transmission of abstract and decontextualised knowledge from one individual to another, but a social process whereby knowledge is co-constructed. The exposure to spoken language and cultural elements of foreign language is the best way of teaching the language itself rather than grammatical patterns and rules of the language. In this study, we aim to review ＂situational learning approach＂ in context with its role and efficiency of teaching spoken language. An experimental study was conducted on the university students in the preparatory classes at the School of Tourism of Erzincan University. Twelve male and 11 female students in the control group and 14 male and 10 female students in the experimental group took part in the research. The language levels of the students were determined by a language proficiency test which is used as pre-test of the study. Language proficiency test composed of mainly dialogues including spoken language patterns. After eight weeks of lectures with authentic sketches which were used as reading materials in experimental group and classical reading materials in control group, the students were given the same language proficiency test as post-test. When pre- and post-test results were evaluated, significant difference was found between the pre- and post-test results of the subjects on behalf of the students in the experimental group. It is concluded that spoken language can be achieved by authentic sketches which are designed to serve as a situated learning setting.

Conducting the Task-based Approach With Context Aware Mobile Situated Learning on Learning English for College Students＇ Learning Performance

Learning English with specific purpose （ESP） initiatives domain knowledge and language ability with English learning to meet future job demands （Leroux ＆ Lafleur, 1995; Khan ＆ Khan, 2015）. In the information age, the innovative technologies of mobile devices make the dramatical changes in ways of teaching and learning （Atkinson, 2011; Bierstaker, Janvrin ＆ Lowe, 2014, Pittaway, 2012; Yang ＆ Che, 2015）. The focus of this study aims to examine ESP college students＇ English learning performance by using Context Aware Mobile Situated Learning （CAMSL） in Tourism and Hospitality Management field and other majors. The mixed research method is conducted for data collection and analysis. The quantitative data are collected by examining students＇ learning performance; the qualitative data are allowed to understand the students＇ perspective toward their role in using the CAMSL with Tourism related content. Eight-three students are randomly selected and divided into two groups： 42 students are assigned in the experimental group A （CAMSL）, and 41 students are assigned in control group. Two groups of students receive pretest and posttest to examine their English performance. Besides, twenty students from group A and B are selected for online survey. The survey is mailed directly to students＇ email account. Results represented by using CAMSL show the significant improvement on students＇ learning performance. In addition, the survey data indicate the benefits of using the CAMSL help students enhance their academic discourse, develop their learned knowledge to represent their profession, use English properly to speak themselves up, and provide the effectiveness of obtain domain knowledge in future workplace.

Dialogue with Worldwide Literacy Classroom:From the Perspectives of Situated Learning Method in China

Situated learning method in western educational culture holds that effective education requires learning that is embedded in authentic contexts of practice,wherein students engage in increasingly more complex tasks within social communities.One of the Chinese situated learing methods,hich had been proposed and practiced by Li has high similarities with counterpartners on knowledge acquisition.In this essay,the researcher compared the situated learning method in west and its development in China based on Li’s exploration,contrasting participatory and acquisitive learning models as they apply in classroom settings.The dialogue indicates that no matter in west and in Chinese classroom,situated learning is one of effective methods.This study emphysizes the fact that teacher acts as a provider,facilitator,and mediator of knowledge;students are able to learn from that knowledge and practice it in group activities.In turn,students arrive at a new level of knowledge and understanding based on their experience as a real practitioner in the group or community.The different norms and values attached to participation and acquisition complement one another,and either one alone would be insufficient.The researcher then assess Chinese literacy education in Li’s situated learning methods.It suggests that a blend of participatory and acquisitive learning models may be the most effective approach to classroom instruction.

Adaptive level of autonomy for human-UAVs collaborative surveillance using situated fuzzy cognitive maps

Collaborating with a squad of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)is challenging for a human operator in a cooperative surveillance task.In this paper,we propose a cognitive model that can dynamically adjust the Levels of Autonomy(LOA)of the human-UAVs team according to the changes in task complexity and human cognitive states.Specifically,we use the Situated Fuzzy Cognitive Map(Si FCM)to model the relations among tasks,situations,human states and LOA.A recurrent structure has been used to learn the strategy of adjusting the LOA,while the collaboration task is separated into a perception routine and a control routine.Experiment results have shown that the workload of the human operator is well balanced with the task efficiency.

Situated Learning of a Behavior-Based Mobile Robot Path Planner

In this paper, we propose a behaviorbased path planner that can self learn in anunknown environment. A situated learning algorithm is designed which allows therobot to learn to coordinate several concurrent behaviors and improve its performanceby interacting with the environmellt. Behaviors are implemented using CMAC neuralnetworks. A simulation environment is set up and some simulation experiments arecarried out to rest our learning algorithm.

Supporting flexible regulation of crisis management by means of situated artificial institution

This paper highlights the use of situated artificial institution(SAI) within a hybrid, interactive,normative multi-agent system to regulate human collaboration in crisis management. Norms regulate the actions of human actors based on the dynamics of the environment in which they are situated. This dynamics results from both environment evolution and actors' actions. Our objective is to situate norms in the environment in order to provide a context-aware crisis regulation. However, this coupling must be a loose one to keep both levels independent and easyto-change in order to face the complex and changing crisis situations. To that aim, we introduce a constitutive level between environmental and normative states providing a loose coupling of normative regulation with environment evolution. Norms are thus no more referring to environmental facts but to status functions, i.e., the institutional interpretation of environmental facts through constitutive rules. We present how this declarative and distinct SAI modelling succeeds in managing the crisis with a context-aware crisis regulation.

Experimental research on mathematics teaching of“situated creation and problem-based instruction”in Chinese primary and secondary schools

This research tends to make the experimental study on the mathematics teaching model of“situated creation and problem-based instruction”(SCPBI),namely,the teaching process of“creating situations—posing problems—solving problems—applying mathematics”.It is aimed at changing the situation where students generally lack problem-based learning experience and problem awareness.Result shows that this teaching model plays a vital role in arousing students’interest in mathematics,improving their ability to pose problems and upgrading their mathematics learning ability as well.

The amplification effect of PGA and the large-scale liquefaction-triggered mudflow during the December 18,2023 M 6.2 Jishishan Earthquake in Gansu Province,China

At 23:59 on December 18, 2023, a strong earthquake (M 6.2) struck Jishishan County in Gansu province, China, which is situated in the transition zone between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Loess Plateau.The focal depth is 10 km, and the epicenter (35.70°N and 102.79°E) is about 100 km southwest away from Lanzhou, the capital city of Gansu province. As of December 31, 2023, the earthquake has caused 151 people dead and 979 people wounded in Gansu and Qinghai.

自主式情境化地图表达:大模型时代的智能化地图制图理论探讨

通过智能化提升制图技术,让制图系统能全自动地完成地图设计与制作,一直是地图学界追求的目标,也一直是国际地图制图协会的前沿研究方向。从20世纪80年代开始,人工智能技术在地图学领域开始应用,逐步解决了部分工序的自动化问题,提高了地图制图的生产效率。然而,地图设计等关键环节的自动化水平仍然极低,无法满足信息时代的“定制化”“泛在化”制图需求。可喜的是,2023年以来,以GPT-4和Gemini等大语言模型(简称“大模型”)为代表的人工智能技术取得了突破,达到了“准通用人工智能”,表现出令人惊叹的语言理解力、推理能力和表达能力。基于此,本文探讨利用大模型来提升地图制图系统的智能水平,旨在建立新一代智能化制图理论与方法体系。首先,分析现有数字制图系统的瓶颈问题,指出建立新一代智能化制图技术的必要性;其次,分析大模型的性质与能力,论证建立新一代智能化制图技术的充分性;然后,进一步分析它们相结合的可能与方式,提出一个大模型时代的智能制图模式,并根据其根本性质与表征,将之称为情境化地图表达;最后,讨论情境化地图表达的关键技术问题,即自主觉知用图情境、自主设计制作地图及随境自主人机交互。

The Electrical Structure and Geodynamic Significance in the Alxa Block

1 Introduction The Alxa region is situated at the intersection of the Tarim Plate and the North China Plate,serving as a critical juncture between the southern boundary of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)and the Alxa Block(Song et al.,2020)(Fig.1).This region connects the Tianshan and Beishan orogens to the west with the Solonker suture to the east,offering a unique vantage point for examining the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.

Transforming education:Developing a practice-ready workforce

The well-known question,why do people keep doing the same thing but expect a different result,applies to nursing education.Healthcare delivery systems are in constant evolution yet much of nursing education operates with traditional teaching approaches expecting to produce graduates suitable for rapidly changing healthcare delivery systems.Nursing is a practice-based discipline with its own body of knowledge situated within the context of dy-namic nursing practice.It is the responsibility of nursing academia to prepare graduates suitable for practice.If we are to change prac-tice,we must rethink education.The impact and interruptions of the global COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to questions on best prac-tices to guide nursing education into the future.

Echoes of Angkor A bridge between China and Cambodia through an epic performance

Cambodia’s most revered wonder,Angkor Wat,is situated in Siem Reap,a city where time seems to have intertwined the remnants of a great empire with the rhythm of the present.Beyond the iconic temples,however,the artists from China and Cambodia worked together to capture the essence of Cambodia’s rich heritage through Smile of Angkor,a grandiose performance integrating art,history,and cultural exchange.The production is not merely a show,but a representation of the dialogue between the Chinese and Cambodian civilizations,which continues to shape and redefine the meaning of cultural cooperation and people-to-people exchange between the two countries.

土耳其腹地的神秘岩浆派对

1 Türkiye is situated on a part of Earth's crust(地壳)which is like a busy crossroads for tectonic plates(地壳构造板块),where earthquakes happen frequently.Last year,big quakes shook Türkiye and Syria,caused by the Anatolian Plate rubbing against the Arabian Plate to the south.

Effects and Causes of VR-Supported Interpreting Learning Environment on the Interpretation Classroom Anxiety of Student Interpreter

Interpreting activity is considered a high-anxiety activity due to its immediacy, multitasking, complexity of cognitive processing, and uncertainty of cognitive processing. Research has shown that interpreting anxiety, as the biggest emotional obstacle in the interpreting process, is the main emotional factor that leads to individual differences in interpreting. Students often claim to have fear or anxiety behaviors in interpreting exams, interpreting competitions, and interpreting classes. However, the research on interpreting teaching attaches importance to the cultivation of language knowledge, cultural knowledge, and interpreting skills, and does not pay enough attention to emotional factors such as motivation and anxiety in interpreting learning, which makes it difficult for the cultivated interpreters to meet the requirements of professional practice. In recent years, virtual reality technology (VR) has been gradually applied in the field of foreign language and interpreting teaching for creating a real, interactive and experiential language learning environment. Situated Learning Theory stresses that the fundamental mechanism for learning to take place is for individuals to participate in the real context in which knowledge is generated, and to realize the construction of knowledge through the interaction with the community of practice and the environment. Virtual reality technology can satisfy the needs of language learners for real contexts by providing learners with immersive, imaginative and interactive scenario simulations, and has a certain positive effect on alleviating learning anxiety. Therefore, relying on the virtual simulation course “United Nations Kubuqi International Desert Ecological Science and Technology Innovation International Volunteer Language Service Practical Training System”, this paper adopts a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses to investigate the interpretation anxiety level of the interpreter trainees and the factors affecting them in the VR situation to help them discover effective responses to interpreter anxiety.

A Situational Awareness Method for Initial Insulation Fault of Distribution Network Based on Multi-Feature Index Comprehensive Evaluation

Most ground faults in distribution network are caused by insulation deterioration of power equipment.It is difficult to find the insulation deterioration of the distribution network in time,and the development trend of the initial insulation fault is unknown,which brings difficulties to the distribution inspection.In order to solve the above problems,a situational awareness method of the initial insulation fault of the distribution network based on a multi-feature index comprehensive evaluation is proposed.Firstly,the insulation situation evaluation index is selected by analyzing the insulation fault mechanism of the distribution network,and the relational database of the distribution network is designed based on the data and numerical characteristics of the existing distribution management system.Secondly,considering all kinds of fault factors of the distribution network and the influence of the power supply region,the evaluation method of the initial insulation fault situation of the distribution network is proposed,and the development situation of the distribution network insulation fault is classified according to the evaluation method.Then,principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of the training samples and test samples of the distribution network data,and the support vector machine(SVM)was trained.The optimal parameter combination of the SVM model was found by the grid search method,and a multi-class SVM model based on 1-v-1 method was constructed.Finally,the trained multi-class SVM was used to predict 6 kinds of situation level prediction samples.The results of simulation examples show that the average prediction accuracy of 6 situation levels is above 95%,and the perception accuracy of 4 situation levels is above 96%.In addition,the insulation maintenance decision scheme under different situation levels is able to be given when no fault occurs or the insulation fault is in the early stage,which can meet the needs of power distribution and inspection for accurately sensing the insulation fault situation.The correctness and effectiveness of this method are verified.

Correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and the Ki-67 labelling index in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly malignant and aggressive tumor,and high Ki-67 expression indicates poor histological differentiation and prognosis.Therefore,one of the challenges in diagnosing preoperatively patients with PDAC is predicting the degree of malignancy.Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(DCE-US)plays a crucial role in abdominal tumor diagnosis,and can adequately show the microvascular composition within the tumors.However,the relationship between DCE-US and the Ki-67 labelling index remains unclear at the present time.AIM To predict the correlation between Ki-67 expression and the parameters of DCEUS.METHODS Patients with PDAC who underwent DCE-US were retrospectively analyzed.Patients who had received any treatment(radiotherapy or chemotherapy)prior to DCE-US;had incomplete clinical,imaging,or pathologic information;and had poor-quality image analysis were excluded.Correlations between Ki-67 expression and the parameters of DCE-US in patients with PDAC were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.The diagnostic performances of these parameters in high Ki-67 expression group were evaluated according to receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS Based on the Ki-67 labelling index,30 patients were divided into two groups,i.e.,the high expression group and the low expression group.Among the relative quantitative parameters between the two groups,relative half-decrease time(rHDT),relative peak enhancement,relative wash-in perfusion index and relative wash-in rate were significantly different between two groups(P=0.018,P=0.025,P=0.028,P=0.035,respectively).The DCE-US parameter rHDT was moderately correlated with Ki-67 expression,and rHDT≥1.07 was more helpful in accurately diagnosing high Ki-67 expression,exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 53.8%and 94.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION One parameter of DCE-US,rHDT,correlates with high Ki-67 expression.It demonstrates that parameters obtained noninvasively by DCE-US could better predict Ki-67 expression in PDAC preoperatively.

Identification,Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Porcine Astrovirus in Shandong Province,China in 2021-2023

[Objective]The paper was to identify,isolate,and characterize porcine astrovirus in Shandong Province between 2021 and 2023.[Method]A total of 1025 samples of porcine diarrhea samples were collected from various regions of Shandong Province between January 2021 and October 2023.The samples were tested by RT-PCR,followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the polymerase.[Result]The total positive rate of PAstV was 34.6%(355/1025).The respective proportions of individuals infected with PAstV-1,PAstV-2,PAstV-4 and PAstV-5 were 25.4%(90/355),28.2%(100/355),35.2%(125/355)and 22.5%(80/355),respectively.Additionally,mixed infection was observed.Meanwhile,849 samples of healthy pigs were tested by RT-PCR,and the results demonstrated that the total positive rate of PAstV was 8.13%(69/849).Of these,the proportion of PAstV-1,PAstV-2 and PAstV-4 infection was 27.5%(19/69),37.7%(26/69)and 40.6%(28/69),and a mixed infection also existed.Further sequencing and characterization of some the selected isolates revealed low sequence identities(56.2%)with known PAstV strains,indicating the presence of novel types or genotypes of PAstVs.Furthermore,the isolation conditions of porcine astrovirus were optimized,resulting in the purification of a pure PAstV-4 strain(designated PAstV-4-GRF1).The virus was found to exhibit typical astroviral morphology,with nucleotide identity ranging from 89.9 to 95.4%with previously published PAstV-4 strains.Then,macrovirus transcriptome sequencing showed that 88.30%of the CRF1 samples were mammalian astroviruses.By species classification,PAstV 4 and PAstV 2 accounted for 21.79%and 0.32%,respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the c15050 fragment was identical to the GRF-1 sequencing fragment of the isolated strain,and exhibited the highest homology with the Hunan PAstV-4 sequence MK460231 in China.[Conclusion]As the inaugural isolated PAstV-4 strain,it furnishes pivotal materialfor the investigation ofthe biological and pathogenic properties of this virus as well as for the prospectivedevelopment of relevant biological and diagnostic reagents.