Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channe...Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channel in a fixed time slot per frame,while the other intra-frame channels are usually recovered by interpolation.However,these approaches suffer from a serious interpolation loss,especially for mobile millimeter-wave communications.To solve this challenging problem,we propose a tensor neural ordinary differential equation(TN-ODE)based continuous-time channel prediction scheme to realize the direct prediction of intra-frame channels.Specifically,inspired by the recently developed continuous mapping model named neural ODE in the field of machine learning,we first utilize the neural ODE model to predict future continuous-time channels.To improve the channel prediction accuracy and reduce computational complexity,we then propose the TN-ODE scheme to learn the structural characteristics of the high-dimensional channel by low-dimensional learnable transform.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher intra-frame channel prediction accuracy than existing schemes.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was formed two thousand years ago,and developed in the following centuries.TCM has a unique way of looking at health and illness.Zheng(syndrome)is the basic unit and key term in TCM th...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was formed two thousand years ago,and developed in the following centuries.TCM has a unique way of looking at health and illness.Zheng(syndrome)is the basic unit and key term in TCM theory.Zheng is the pathological generalization of a certain stage in the development of disease.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation of TCM is the basic principle to know and treat diseases,and a kind of special method to study diseases in TCM.In Han Dynasty(200 AD),doctor Zhang Zhongjing proposed Liujing Bianzheng(the differential diagnosis in accordance with the theory of six channels)to diagnose and treat diseases in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.In other words,he divided diseases into six channels diseases based on patient's Zhengs.Six channels diseases almost include all of the disease according to his classification standards.In addition,there are development rules in the progress of six channels diseases.Therefore,we hypothesized that combination of six channels disease and Zheng on the basic of differentiation of six channels is a new pattern of diagnosis and treatment diseases in TCM,which is beneficial to the understanding of a certain disease and makes disease treatment more convenient,fast and effective.展开更多
Temperature is a key regulator of brown adipose tissue(BAT)function,acting through central sensory inputs to influence metabolism and energy storage.Although animal models have produced a wealth of information on the ...Temperature is a key regulator of brown adipose tissue(BAT)function,acting through central sensory inputs to influence metabolism and energy storage.Although animal models have produced a wealth of information on the pathways,effectors and responses mediating the physiological response of adipose tissue to temperature in vivo,the use of cell culture models now offers evidence of an additional cell-autonomous response to temperature changes,in the absence of neural input.In particular,stem cell models provide new insight into the regulation of adipogenic differentiation and the induction of browning features in vitro.Here the basis for adipogenic responsiveness to low temperature is discussed,together with different human cell models available to outline the benefits of cell-based approaches for future BAT research.展开更多
Previously proposed differential modulation schemes for time-varying channels may not achieve the full transmit diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity simultaneously. Based on an existing basis expansion model, a...Previously proposed differential modulation schemes for time-varying channels may not achieve the full transmit diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity simultaneously. Based on an existing basis expansion model, a new differential space-time code, which wisely combines interleaver/de-interleaver with traditonal space-time transmitting technique to overcome such limitation, .is presented. Two noncoherent differential decoders, named decision-feedback differential detector （DF-DD） and Viterbi-algorithmbased multiple-symbol-detection differential detector （ MSD-DD）, are also derived. We show that our design may recover data symbols with full antenna diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity at high signal-to-noise ratio. System performance is evaluated with simulations.展开更多
Differential unitary space-time modulation （DUSTM）, which obtains full transmit diversity in slowly fiat-fading channels without channel state iufonnation, has generated significant interests recently. To combat fre...Differential unitary space-time modulation （DUSTM）, which obtains full transmit diversity in slowly fiat-fading channels without channel state iufonnation, has generated significant interests recently. To combat frequency-selective fading, DUSTM has been applied to each subcarrier of an OFDM system and DUSTM-OFDM system was proposed. Both DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM, however, are designed for slowly fading channels and suffer performance deterioration in fast fading channels. In this paper, two novel differential unitary space-time modulation schemes are proposed for fast fading channels. For fast fiat-fading channels, a subatrix interleaved DUSTM （SMI-DUSTM） scheme is proposed, in which matrix-segmentation and sub-matrix based interleaving are introduced into DUSTM system. For fast frequency-selective fading channels, a differential unitary space-frequency modulation （DUSFM） scheme is proposed, in which existing unitary space-time codes are employed across transmit antennas and OFDM subcarriers simultaneouslv and differential modulation is performed between two adjacent OFDM blocks. Compared with DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM schemes, SMI-DUSTM and DUSFM-OFDM are more robust to fast channel fading with low decoding complexity, which is demonstrated by performance analysis and simulation resuits.展开更多
An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem （ECC）, an efficient fractional width-w NAF （FWNA...An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem （ECC）, an efficient fractional width-w NAF （FWNAF） algorithm is proposed to secure ECC scalar multiplication from these attacks. This algorithm adopts the fractional window method and probabilistic SPA scheme to reconfigure the pre-computed table, and it allows designers to make a dynamic configuration on pre-computed table. And then, it is enhanced to resist SPA, DPA, RPA and ZPA attacks by using the random masking method. Compared with the WBRIP and EBRIP methods, our proposals has the lowest total computation cost and reduce the shake phenomenon due to sharp fluctuation on computation performance.展开更多
Samples of a commercial Cu-lCr-0.1Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy were subjected to equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) up to 16 passes at room temperature following route Bc.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used...Samples of a commercial Cu-lCr-0.1Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy were subjected to equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) up to 16 passes at room temperature following route Bc.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used to highlight the precipitation sequence and to calculate the stored energy,recrystallization temperature and activation energy after each ECAP pass.On another hand,electrical properties were correlated with the dislocation density.Results show that the stored energy increases upon increasing ECAP pass numbers,while the recrystallization temperature decreases significantly.展开更多
Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differenti...Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differential space-time (DDST) coding is of special interest because it is applicable to continuous fast time-varying channels. However, it is less effective in fre- quency-selective fading channels. This paper’s authors derived a novel time-frequency double differential space-time (TF-DDST) coding scheme for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a time-varying fre- quency-selective fading environment, where double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and fre- quency domain. Our proposed TF-DDST-OFDM system has a low-complexity non-coherent decoding scheme and is robust for time- and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we also propose the use of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in serial concatenation with our TF-DDST scheme as a channel code. Simulations revealed that the LDPC based TF-DDST OFDM system has low decoding complexity and relatively better performance.展开更多
In order to improve the efficiency and success rate of the side channel attack,the utility of side channel information of the attack object must be analyzed and evaluated before the attack implementation.Based on the ...In order to improve the efficiency and success rate of the side channel attack,the utility of side channel information of the attack object must be analyzed and evaluated before the attack implementation.Based on the study of side-channel attack techniques,a method is proposed in this paper to analyze and evaluate the utility of side channel information and the evaluation indexes of comentropy,Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)are introduced.On this basis,the side channel information(power and electromagnetic)of a side channel attack experiment board is analyzed and evaluated,and the Data Encryption Standard(DES)cipher algorithm is attacked with the differential power attack method and differential electromagnetic attack method.The attack results show the effectiveness of the analysis and evaluation method proposed in this paper.展开更多
Differential space-time （DST） modulation has been proposed recently for multiple-antenna systems over Rayleigh fading channels, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among exi...Differential space-time （DST） modulation has been proposed recently for multiple-antenna systems over Rayleigh fading channels, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, differential modulation is always performed in the time domain and suffers performance degradations in frequency-selective fading channels. In order to combat the fast time and frequency-selective fading, a novel time-frequency differential space-time （TF-DST） modulation scheme, which adopts differential modulation in both time and frequency domains, is proposed for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system. A corresponding suboptimal yet low-complexity non-coherent detection approach is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system is robust for time and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the expression of P21, P27 and leptin. The expression of receptor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels （sulphonylurea receptor, SUR） mRNA in ...This study investigated the effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the expression of P21, P27 and leptin. The expression of receptor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels （sulphonylurea receptor, SUR） mRNA in the preadipocytes and leptin mRNA was detected by PCR after rat preadipocytes were treated with the opener （diazoxide） or inhibitor （glibenclamide） of ATP-sensitive potassium channels during the process of inducing differentiation. The expression of P21 and P27 in preadipocytes treated with diazoxide or glibenclamide was assayed by Western blot. The results showed that the expression of SUR2, not SUR1 was detected in adipose tissue, preadipocytes and adipocytes. Alter treatment of preadipocytes with diazoxide, the expression levels of P21 and P27 were obviously higher than glibenclamide-treat ed group those in control group, but the were lower than those in control expression levels of P21 and P27 in group. During the process of inducing differentiation, the expression of leptin mRNA in preadipocytes treated with diazoxide was increased greatly, but the expression of leptin mRNA in glibenclamide-treated group decreased obviously. It was concluded that ATP-sensitive potassium channels might be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of rat preadipocytes by changing the expression of P21, P27 and leptin.展开更多
Narrow bandwidth is a crucial factor in a high performance wavelength selective device(WSD). There are many different expressions to estimate bandwidths of many different WSDs. In this paper, we derive an important ...Narrow bandwidth is a crucial factor in a high performance wavelength selective device(WSD). There are many different expressions to estimate bandwidths of many different WSDs. In this paper, we derive an important rule that the differential time delay between two coupling modes is the most important factor deciding the wavelength channel bandwidth for several different WSDs. This rule reveals that larger differential time delay between two coupling modes results in higher discrimination level of the operating wavelength. Based on the rule, a novel design of wavelength selective coupler that has a bandwidth narrower than normal couplers is presented.展开更多
In this work,We are looking at the characteristics of micropolar flow in a porous channel that’s being driven by suction or injection.The working of the fluid is described in the flowmodel.We can reduce the governing...In this work,We are looking at the characteristics of micropolar flow in a porous channel that’s being driven by suction or injection.The working of the fluid is described in the flowmodel.We can reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)to a model of coupled systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity variables(ODEs).In order to obtain the results of a coupled system of nonlinear ODEs,we discuss a method which is known as the differential transform method(DTM).The concern transform is an excellent mathematical tool to obtain the analytical series solution to the nonlinear ODEs.To observe beast agreement between analytical method and numerical method,we compare our result with the Rung-Kutta method of order four(RK4).We also provide simulation plots to the obtained result by using Mathematica.Onthese plots,we discuss the effect of different parameters which arise during the calculation of the flow model equations.展开更多
This paper proposed four types of differential modulation to map the unitary code into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal. The time-varying channel model is established and the norm of detecti...This paper proposed four types of differential modulation to map the unitary code into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal. The time-varying channel model is established and the norm of detection metric is deduced. The norm is the inherent interference of the time-varying channel, so it can be used as criterion to evaluate the performance of the mapping schemes. The simulation results agree with the analytic conclusion.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805005)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62031019)in part by the European Commission through the H2020-MSCA-ITN META WIRELESS Research Project under Grant 956256。
文摘Channel prediction is critical to address the channel aging issue in mobile scenarios.Existing channel prediction techniques are mainly designed for discrete channel prediction,which can only predict the future channel in a fixed time slot per frame,while the other intra-frame channels are usually recovered by interpolation.However,these approaches suffer from a serious interpolation loss,especially for mobile millimeter-wave communications.To solve this challenging problem,we propose a tensor neural ordinary differential equation(TN-ODE)based continuous-time channel prediction scheme to realize the direct prediction of intra-frame channels.Specifically,inspired by the recently developed continuous mapping model named neural ODE in the field of machine learning,we first utilize the neural ODE model to predict future continuous-time channels.To improve the channel prediction accuracy and reduce computational complexity,we then propose the TN-ODE scheme to learn the structural characteristics of the high-dimensional channel by low-dimensional learnable transform.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher intra-frame channel prediction accuracy than existing schemes.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was formed two thousand years ago,and developed in the following centuries.TCM has a unique way of looking at health and illness.Zheng(syndrome)is the basic unit and key term in TCM theory.Zheng is the pathological generalization of a certain stage in the development of disease.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation of TCM is the basic principle to know and treat diseases,and a kind of special method to study diseases in TCM.In Han Dynasty(200 AD),doctor Zhang Zhongjing proposed Liujing Bianzheng(the differential diagnosis in accordance with the theory of six channels)to diagnose and treat diseases in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.In other words,he divided diseases into six channels diseases based on patient's Zhengs.Six channels diseases almost include all of the disease according to his classification standards.In addition,there are development rules in the progress of six channels diseases.Therefore,we hypothesized that combination of six channels disease and Zheng on the basic of differentiation of six channels is a new pattern of diagnosis and treatment diseases in TCM,which is beneficial to the understanding of a certain disease and makes disease treatment more convenient,fast and effective.
基金the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council[Grant No.BB/M008770/1]a studentship from CONACyT.We are grateful to Dušan Radojević(U.of Belgrade)for his help with the illustrations.VS is supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(MIUR)to the Department of Molecular Medicine of the University of Pavia under the initiative‘Dipartimenti di Eccellenza(2018-2022)’。
文摘Temperature is a key regulator of brown adipose tissue(BAT)function,acting through central sensory inputs to influence metabolism and energy storage.Although animal models have produced a wealth of information on the pathways,effectors and responses mediating the physiological response of adipose tissue to temperature in vivo,the use of cell culture models now offers evidence of an additional cell-autonomous response to temperature changes,in the absence of neural input.In particular,stem cell models provide new insight into the regulation of adipogenic differentiation and the induction of browning features in vitro.Here the basis for adipogenic responsiveness to low temperature is discussed,together with different human cell models available to outline the benefits of cell-based approaches for future BAT research.
基金Supported bv the National Nature Science Foundation of China （ No. 603905405 ）. and the National High Teehnology Research ＆ Development Program of China （No. 2003AA12331005）.
文摘Previously proposed differential modulation schemes for time-varying channels may not achieve the full transmit diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity simultaneously. Based on an existing basis expansion model, a new differential space-time code, which wisely combines interleaver/de-interleaver with traditonal space-time transmitting technique to overcome such limitation, .is presented. Two noncoherent differential decoders, named decision-feedback differential detector （DF-DD） and Viterbi-algorithmbased multiple-symbol-detection differential detector （ MSD-DD）, are also derived. We show that our design may recover data symbols with full antenna diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity at high signal-to-noise ratio. System performance is evaluated with simulations.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2003AA12331007 ） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 60272079）.
文摘Differential unitary space-time modulation （DUSTM）, which obtains full transmit diversity in slowly fiat-fading channels without channel state iufonnation, has generated significant interests recently. To combat frequency-selective fading, DUSTM has been applied to each subcarrier of an OFDM system and DUSTM-OFDM system was proposed. Both DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM, however, are designed for slowly fading channels and suffer performance deterioration in fast fading channels. In this paper, two novel differential unitary space-time modulation schemes are proposed for fast fading channels. For fast fiat-fading channels, a subatrix interleaved DUSTM （SMI-DUSTM） scheme is proposed, in which matrix-segmentation and sub-matrix based interleaving are introduced into DUSTM system. For fast frequency-selective fading channels, a differential unitary space-frequency modulation （DUSFM） scheme is proposed, in which existing unitary space-time codes are employed across transmit antennas and OFDM subcarriers simultaneouslv and differential modulation is performed between two adjacent OFDM blocks. Compared with DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM schemes, SMI-DUSTM and DUSFM-OFDM are more robust to fast channel fading with low decoding complexity, which is demonstrated by performance analysis and simulation resuits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60373109)Ministry of Science and Technologyof China and the National Commercial Cryptography Application Technology Architecture and Application DemonstrationProject(2008BAA22B02).
文摘An embedded cryptosystem needs higher reconfiguration capability and security. After analyzing the newly emerging side-channel attacks on elliptic curve cryptosystem （ECC）, an efficient fractional width-w NAF （FWNAF） algorithm is proposed to secure ECC scalar multiplication from these attacks. This algorithm adopts the fractional window method and probabilistic SPA scheme to reconfigure the pre-computed table, and it allows designers to make a dynamic configuration on pre-computed table. And then, it is enhanced to resist SPA, DPA, RPA and ZPA attacks by using the random masking method. Compared with the WBRIP and EBRIP methods, our proposals has the lowest total computation cost and reduce the shake phenomenon due to sharp fluctuation on computation performance.
文摘Samples of a commercial Cu-lCr-0.1Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy were subjected to equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) up to 16 passes at room temperature following route Bc.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used to highlight the precipitation sequence and to calculate the stored energy,recrystallization temperature and activation energy after each ECAP pass.On another hand,electrical properties were correlated with the dislocation density.Results show that the stored energy increases upon increasing ECAP pass numbers,while the recrystallization temperature decreases significantly.
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2003AA123310) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60272079)
文摘Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differential space-time (DDST) coding is of special interest because it is applicable to continuous fast time-varying channels. However, it is less effective in fre- quency-selective fading channels. This paper’s authors derived a novel time-frequency double differential space-time (TF-DDST) coding scheme for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a time-varying fre- quency-selective fading environment, where double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and fre- quency domain. Our proposed TF-DDST-OFDM system has a low-complexity non-coherent decoding scheme and is robust for time- and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we also propose the use of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in serial concatenation with our TF-DDST scheme as a channel code. Simulations revealed that the LDPC based TF-DDST OFDM system has low decoding complexity and relatively better performance.
文摘In order to improve the efficiency and success rate of the side channel attack,the utility of side channel information of the attack object must be analyzed and evaluated before the attack implementation.Based on the study of side-channel attack techniques,a method is proposed in this paper to analyze and evaluate the utility of side channel information and the evaluation indexes of comentropy,Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)are introduced.On this basis,the side channel information(power and electromagnetic)of a side channel attack experiment board is analyzed and evaluated,and the Data Encryption Standard(DES)cipher algorithm is attacked with the differential power attack method and differential electromagnetic attack method.The attack results show the effectiveness of the analysis and evaluation method proposed in this paper.
文摘Differential space-time （DST） modulation has been proposed recently for multiple-antenna systems over Rayleigh fading channels, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, differential modulation is always performed in the time domain and suffers performance degradations in frequency-selective fading channels. In order to combat the fast time and frequency-selective fading, a novel time-frequency differential space-time （TF-DST） modulation scheme, which adopts differential modulation in both time and frequency domains, is proposed for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system. A corresponding suboptimal yet low-complexity non-coherent detection approach is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system is robust for time and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels.
文摘This study investigated the effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the expression of P21, P27 and leptin. The expression of receptor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels （sulphonylurea receptor, SUR） mRNA in the preadipocytes and leptin mRNA was detected by PCR after rat preadipocytes were treated with the opener （diazoxide） or inhibitor （glibenclamide） of ATP-sensitive potassium channels during the process of inducing differentiation. The expression of P21 and P27 in preadipocytes treated with diazoxide or glibenclamide was assayed by Western blot. The results showed that the expression of SUR2, not SUR1 was detected in adipose tissue, preadipocytes and adipocytes. Alter treatment of preadipocytes with diazoxide, the expression levels of P21 and P27 were obviously higher than glibenclamide-treat ed group those in control group, but the were lower than those in control expression levels of P21 and P27 in group. During the process of inducing differentiation, the expression of leptin mRNA in preadipocytes treated with diazoxide was increased greatly, but the expression of leptin mRNA in glibenclamide-treated group decreased obviously. It was concluded that ATP-sensitive potassium channels might be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of rat preadipocytes by changing the expression of P21, P27 and leptin.
文摘Narrow bandwidth is a crucial factor in a high performance wavelength selective device(WSD). There are many different expressions to estimate bandwidths of many different WSDs. In this paper, we derive an important rule that the differential time delay between two coupling modes is the most important factor deciding the wavelength channel bandwidth for several different WSDs. This rule reveals that larger differential time delay between two coupling modes results in higher discrimination level of the operating wavelength. Based on the rule, a novel design of wavelength selective coupler that has a bandwidth narrower than normal couplers is presented.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project No. (PNURSP2023R14)。
文摘In this work,We are looking at the characteristics of micropolar flow in a porous channel that’s being driven by suction or injection.The working of the fluid is described in the flowmodel.We can reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)to a model of coupled systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity variables(ODEs).In order to obtain the results of a coupled system of nonlinear ODEs,we discuss a method which is known as the differential transform method(DTM).The concern transform is an excellent mathematical tool to obtain the analytical series solution to the nonlinear ODEs.To observe beast agreement between analytical method and numerical method,we compare our result with the Rung-Kutta method of order four(RK4).We also provide simulation plots to the obtained result by using Mathematica.Onthese plots,we discuss the effect of different parameters which arise during the calculation of the flow model equations.
文摘This paper proposed four types of differential modulation to map the unitary code into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal. The time-varying channel model is established and the norm of detection metric is deduced. The norm is the inherent interference of the time-varying channel, so it can be used as criterion to evaluate the performance of the mapping schemes. The simulation results agree with the analytic conclusion.
