As molecular targets continue to be identified and more targeted inhibitors are developed for personalized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), multigene mutation determination will be needed for routine on...As molecular targets continue to be identified and more targeted inhibitors are developed for personalized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), multigene mutation determination will be needed for routine oncology practice and for clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of multigene mutation testing by using the Snapshot assay in NSCLC. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 110 consecutive NSCLC specimens for which epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation testing was performed between November 2011 and December 2011 using Sanger sequencing. Using the Snapshot assay, mutation statuses were detected for EGFR, Kirsten rate sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF), v-ras neuroblastoma viral oncogene homolog(NRAS), dual specificity mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1(MEK1), phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) in patient specimens and cell line DNA. Snapshot data were compared to Sanger sequencing data. Of the 110 samples, 51(46.4%) harbored at least one mutation. The mutation frequency in adenocarcinoma specimens was 55.6%, and the frequencies of EGFR, KRAS, PIK3 CA, PTEN, and MEK1 mutations were 35.5%, 9.1%, 3.6%, 0.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. No mutation was found in the HER2, NRAS, or BRAF genes. Three of the 51 mutant samples harbored double mutations: two PIK3 CA mutations coexisted with KRAS or EGFR mutations, and another KRAS mutation coexisted with a PTEN mutation. Among the 110 samples, 47 were surgical specimens, 60 were biopsy specimens, and 3 were cytological specimens; the corresponding mutation frequencies were 51.1%, 41.7%, and 66.7%, respectively(P = 0.532). Compared to Sanger sequencing, Snapshot specificity was 98.4% and sensitivity was 100%(positive predictive value, 97.9%; negative predictive value, 100%). The Snapshot assay is a sensitive and easily customized assay for multigene mutation testing in clinical practice.展开更多
针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据...针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据稀疏干扰来向的导向矢量近似正交,求出干扰导向矢量对应的干扰功率,从而完成协方差矩阵重构;对期望信号来向及其邻域进行权值求解,对加权后的数据特征分解,利用多信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC)谱估计算法对信号区域积分得到信号协方差矩阵,将其主特征值近似为期望信号的导向矢量完成重新估计。仿真结果表明,在无误差时,算法输出信干噪比(Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio, SINR)接近理论最优;在多种误差环境下输出性能随信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)的变化均具有较好的稳健性,并且在信号来向可精准形成波束;在小快拍时可以较快收敛至理论最优值。展开更多
低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典的二维(two-dimensional,2D)波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)算法存在估计精度低的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,提出一种适用于低SNR...低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典的二维(two-dimensional,2D)波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)算法存在估计精度低的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,提出一种适用于低SNR及小接收快拍数环境下的2D DOA估计新方法。该方法首先通过解析优化2D谱峰搜索问题,获得方位角与仰角之间的特定约束关系,进而将包含2D角度参量的目标函数转化为只包含一维(one-dimensional,1D)角度参量,即可通过1D谱峰搜索获得方位角(或仰角)估计值,最后再次利用该约束关系求得与之对应的仰角(或方位角)估计值。该方法只需1D谱峰搜索,而且所得2D角度估计参数可自动实现配对。计算机仿真验证了该方法在低SNR及小接收快拍数情况下的有效性。展开更多
This paper considers multi-frequency passive radar and develops a multi-frequency joint direction of arrival(DOA)estimation algorithm to improve estimation accuracy and resolution.The developed algorithm exploits the ...This paper considers multi-frequency passive radar and develops a multi-frequency joint direction of arrival(DOA)estimation algorithm to improve estimation accuracy and resolution.The developed algorithm exploits the sparsity of targets in the spatial domain.Specifically,we first extract the required frequency channel data and acquire the snapshot data through a series of preprocessing such as clutter suppression,coherent integration,beamforming,and constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection.Then,based on the framework of sparse Bayesian learning,the target’s DOA is estimated by jointly extracting the multi-frequency data via evidence maximization.Simulation results show that the developed algorithm has better estimation accuracy and resolution than other existing multi-frequency DOA estimation algorithms,especially under the scenarios of low signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and small snapshots.Furthermore,the effectiveness is verified by the field experimental data of a multi-frequency FM-based passive radar.展开更多
低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典波达方向(direction of arrival,DoA)估计算法存在估计误差较大的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,给出一种适用于低SNR和小接收快拍数据环境...低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典波达方向(direction of arrival,DoA)估计算法存在估计误差较大的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,给出一种适用于低SNR和小接收快拍数据环境的信源个数及DoA估计算法。该算法首先利用接收数据互协方差矩阵所得自相关矩阵的特征值,给出了一种信源个数估计方法;进而提出了一种新的二维DoA估计方法。计算机仿真验证了该算法在低SNR及小接收快拍数情况下的有效性。展开更多
文摘As molecular targets continue to be identified and more targeted inhibitors are developed for personalized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), multigene mutation determination will be needed for routine oncology practice and for clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of multigene mutation testing by using the Snapshot assay in NSCLC. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 110 consecutive NSCLC specimens for which epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation testing was performed between November 2011 and December 2011 using Sanger sequencing. Using the Snapshot assay, mutation statuses were detected for EGFR, Kirsten rate sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF), v-ras neuroblastoma viral oncogene homolog(NRAS), dual specificity mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1(MEK1), phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) in patient specimens and cell line DNA. Snapshot data were compared to Sanger sequencing data. Of the 110 samples, 51(46.4%) harbored at least one mutation. The mutation frequency in adenocarcinoma specimens was 55.6%, and the frequencies of EGFR, KRAS, PIK3 CA, PTEN, and MEK1 mutations were 35.5%, 9.1%, 3.6%, 0.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. No mutation was found in the HER2, NRAS, or BRAF genes. Three of the 51 mutant samples harbored double mutations: two PIK3 CA mutations coexisted with KRAS or EGFR mutations, and another KRAS mutation coexisted with a PTEN mutation. Among the 110 samples, 47 were surgical specimens, 60 were biopsy specimens, and 3 were cytological specimens; the corresponding mutation frequencies were 51.1%, 41.7%, and 66.7%, respectively(P = 0.532). Compared to Sanger sequencing, Snapshot specificity was 98.4% and sensitivity was 100%(positive predictive value, 97.9%; negative predictive value, 100%). The Snapshot assay is a sensitive and easily customized assay for multigene mutation testing in clinical practice.
文摘针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据稀疏干扰来向的导向矢量近似正交,求出干扰导向矢量对应的干扰功率,从而完成协方差矩阵重构;对期望信号来向及其邻域进行权值求解,对加权后的数据特征分解,利用多信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC)谱估计算法对信号区域积分得到信号协方差矩阵,将其主特征值近似为期望信号的导向矢量完成重新估计。仿真结果表明,在无误差时,算法输出信干噪比(Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio, SINR)接近理论最优;在多种误差环境下输出性能随信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)的变化均具有较好的稳健性,并且在信号来向可精准形成波束;在小快拍时可以较快收敛至理论最优值。
文摘低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典的二维(two-dimensional,2D)波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)算法存在估计精度低的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,提出一种适用于低SNR及小接收快拍数环境下的2D DOA估计新方法。该方法首先通过解析优化2D谱峰搜索问题,获得方位角与仰角之间的特定约束关系,进而将包含2D角度参量的目标函数转化为只包含一维(one-dimensional,1D)角度参量,即可通过1D谱峰搜索获得方位角(或仰角)估计值,最后再次利用该约束关系求得与之对应的仰角(或方位角)估计值。该方法只需1D谱峰搜索,而且所得2D角度估计参数可自动实现配对。计算机仿真验证了该方法在低SNR及小接收快拍数情况下的有效性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071335,61931015,61831009)the Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Province of China(2019AAA061).
文摘This paper considers multi-frequency passive radar and develops a multi-frequency joint direction of arrival(DOA)estimation algorithm to improve estimation accuracy and resolution.The developed algorithm exploits the sparsity of targets in the spatial domain.Specifically,we first extract the required frequency channel data and acquire the snapshot data through a series of preprocessing such as clutter suppression,coherent integration,beamforming,and constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection.Then,based on the framework of sparse Bayesian learning,the target’s DOA is estimated by jointly extracting the multi-frequency data via evidence maximization.Simulation results show that the developed algorithm has better estimation accuracy and resolution than other existing multi-frequency DOA estimation algorithms,especially under the scenarios of low signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and small snapshots.Furthermore,the effectiveness is verified by the field experimental data of a multi-frequency FM-based passive radar.
文摘低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)或小接收快拍数条件下,经典波达方向(direction of arrival,DoA)估计算法存在估计误差较大的缺点。针对该问题,充分利用L型阵列接收数据的自、互相关信息,给出一种适用于低SNR和小接收快拍数据环境的信源个数及DoA估计算法。该算法首先利用接收数据互协方差矩阵所得自相关矩阵的特征值,给出了一种信源个数估计方法;进而提出了一种新的二维DoA估计方法。计算机仿真验证了该算法在低SNR及小接收快拍数情况下的有效性。