Social Security Funds Clamor for Reform

This paper analyzed the institutional deficiencies inherent in China's social security system based on a dissection of various social security fund violations. It holds that the unscientific design in social security system is the root cause for social security fund violations, which is reflected in low level of social security unification, irrational investment system and legislative loopholes etc. Currently, China's social security funds are facing risks in management and in system; The key of risk control lies in the reforming of the overall framework of social security system through the following aspects: 1) readjust the unified account system structure to raise the level of unification; 2) reform funds investment system to boost ROI; 3) speeding up legislative to regulate the administrative costs and the behaviors of its entities.

The Social Security System in Reform

China,already possessing a large number of retirees,will become one of the countries with a predominant-ly aged population by the end of the century.A retirement boom is ex-pected for the year 2030,when China will have over 100 million senior citizens living on an annual pension of billions of yuan.There-fore China is working to legislate a Chinese style social insurance system by the year 2000.This system will be independent of enterprises and cov-er workers in both rural and urban areas.It will be reasonable in its.expenditures because its funding will come from a wide range of sources.It will make a balanced and rational use of these funds and will be run by a highly socialized and coordinated administration.

Research on the Socialization of Grassroots Meteorological Services in Agricultural Supply-side Structural Reform

In 2017, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee proposed that "it is necessary to further promote agricultural supply-side structural reform, accelerate the cultivation of new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development, and create a new situation in the construction of agricultural modernization". Under the new normal, Zhejiang s agricultural development shows new characteristics and new trends of speed change, structural optimization, and power conversion, and meteorological services for agriculture have stronger demands, higher requirements, and heavier tasks. The socialization of meteorological services is a new type of system arrangement for the provision of meteorological services, and aims to provide high-quality and efficient meteorological service products for the public and promote the equalization of basic meteorological services in urban and rural areas. In this study, through research on the socialization of grassroots meteorological services in a new situation, a new way of the government to provide public weather services is proposed, and a mechanism of the government to purchase public meteorological services is established;social resources and forces are organized and guided to develop the innovation system and mechanism of public weather services, and social resources are fully mobilized to meet the demand for meteorological services in the process of agricultural supply-side structural reform.

Social Security Internationalization During China's Reform and Opening Up from 1978 to 2018——Viewed from the Paradigm of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

China's reform and opening-up policy,launched in 1978,marks the start of the internationalization process of its social security system.This paper takes the notion of "a community with a shared future" as the perspective to analyze the internationalization of social security in the process of China's reform and opening up.Based on China's developments in globalization,it divides the internationalization process of China's social security from 1978 to 2018 into three stages: the stage of reshaping the domestic social security system with reference to the best international practice; the stage of achieving bilateral or multilateral alignment on the premise of equality and mutual benefit,and the stage of injecting Chinese wisdom in social security into the development of global social security.The trajectory of the development of China's social security internationalization shows the incremental evolution within the country,between nations,and in the world community.This paper studies the internationalization process to show China's grand achievements in the four decades of reform and opening-up and to demonstrate Chinese wisdom and confidence.

The Participation of Social Organizations and the Reform of the People's Assessor System

In the process of transition from the rural China to modern society,the people's assessor system mainly reflects the citizens' individual participation.However,organized judicial participation has not been paid enough attention in either institutional design or in the actual operation.Judicial participation of social organizations has important significance not only in highlighting the value of people's assessor system,but also in getting out of the "presenting without substantive hearing"predicament in practice.Therefore,the people's court shall guide the orderly participation of social organizations in justice,and make social organizations play a more important role in people's assessor system.

China＇s Economic Reform and Its Prospects

China＇s economy can be characterized as having two correlated imbalances, i.e. imbalances in its domestic and international economic structures. It would be very difficult to identify a causal relationship between the two imbalances. In any case, this is an outcome of the past few decades. The same situation can also befound in other countries. Where are China＇s economy and its reform heading towards？ At the macro-level, the econmnic policies guiding China＇s economy and its performance are closely related to the two imbalances. One thing is for certain： world economic equilibrium will help balance various economies including China. But the world economy cannot automatically balance itself. Various economies must restore their balance before equilibrium can be achieved at the global level. For individual countries, balancing their domestic economy is what they can concentrate on. In other words, China needs to rely on its own efforts to achieve internal economic balance through reform. Internal econontic balance will promote sustainable development and contribute to the world economic balance. The questhm is where will such internal balance come from？ How can China achieve an internal rebalance？

How the University Curriculum Reform Serves for Employment

Confronted with the globalization, nowadays, the level of economy and science develops rapidly, so it is indispensable to carry out the task of cultivating enough talents. In order to satisfy the social development and cater for market demands, university curriculum reform should be more frequently served for employment, avoiding being always confined to the textbooks and learning pure theory knowledge through memory. In that way, a group of talents who have no knowledge actually will be cultivated, because something that the students learn at the university deviate from the society and after they work on the guard,they need learn the relevant contents from the beginning. To a certain degree, students' career developments are possible to be influenced by the direction and quality of university curriculum reform. To link the university curriculum reform and employment development better, this essay will put forward the effective advice from three aspects.

Analysis of the Changes in Rural Chinese Family Structure since Reform and Opening Up

This article uses data from censuses since 1982 to reveal changes in the family structure of rural China since the launch of reform and opening up and against the backdrop of institutional relocation,social transformation and an aging population.Since the advent of reform and opening up,rural family structure and its changes can be divided into two phases.Before the 1990 s,the household contract responsibility system was implemented,labor in rural villages was still mainly engaged in farming,and the number of nuclear families remained stable with a steady rise.After the 1990 s,as reform progress deepened,substantial numbers of young and middle-aged laborers in rural villages began to relocate into non-farming sectors and aging in rural villages rose.As those born in the early days of the family planning policy gradually matured,family structure was directly affected and changed in new ways and forms not seen before.Vocational divisions of labor among the parents of young families and married offspring emerged and the significance of cooperation for family economy and daily life between parents and offspring rose in importance.Also,the prevalence of immediate families with three generations climbed while the standard nuclear families declined,the ratio of middle-aged couples with young children that worked outside the home increased,the function of middle-aged and senior parents in the upbringing of infants and children enhanced,and the commonness of incomplete family types such as only grandparents with grandchildren increased.During this phase,the number of seniors living alone surged to the point of becoming a matter worthy of attention.

党的自我革命引领社会革命的成就、经验与启示

勇于自我革命,是中国共产党最鲜明的品格,是中国共产党最大的优势,也是中国共产党区别于其他政党最显著的标志。中国共产党在自我革命过程中带领全国各族人民取得了新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就,取得许多宝贵经验:坚持党的集中统一领导是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本保证,坚守初心使命是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本动力,坚持人民至上是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本立场,坚持问题导向是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本方法。新时代新征程中,中国共产党要通过自我革命对社会革命发挥思想引领、政治引领、制度引领、组织引领的作用。

从“氏族之人”到“编户齐民”——试论先秦时期社会成员身份的变迁

夏商西周时期,社会上几乎所有的人都生活于“族”之中。这些族,夏商时期称为“氏族”,西周时期则多称为“宗族”。春秋战国时期,虽然“人”“民”多混用无别,但两者的使用却出现了有所侧重的情况。“民”能够以地域为称,但并不以族为称,它所表现的是社会成员的地域特征,而“人”则可以表现其作为某族的血缘关系特征。社会成员间血缘关系的影响在削弱,而国家地域关系的影响在增强。社会成员身份的巨大变化是由氏族(宗族)之人,变成了国家控制下的编户齐民。“编户齐民”肇端于战国时期诸国授田制度的实施,到秦代则成为国家控制天下民众的最主要的制度。这种居民身份的变化深刻地影响着古代中国的历史发展。

全民基本收入:社会保障的第三种模式?

智能化、数字化、信息化的迅猛发展对传统就业模式形成巨大冲击,以正规就业为基础的传统社会保障模式面临巨大挑战,“全民基本收入”这一古老思想重新焕发活力,并日益成为一种世界性运动。本文从社会政策发展的历史脉络切入,把全民基本收入置于社会保障制度演变的历史情景中,通过比较基本收入与社会救助和社会保险这两大主流社会保障模式的关系,探讨全民基本收入能否成为继社会救助和社会保险之后的第三种社会保障模式。

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展之间关联紧密,理解这一关联性的前提在于准确把握新型社会关系的独特时空内涵。不同于西方现代化语境中传统社会关系呈现的同质性时间与占有性空间的内涵,新型社会关系具有符合中国式现代化要求的差异性与交互性的时空内涵。随着中国式现代化的深入推进,新型社会关系也在不断革新自身的发展目标。在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期,新型社会关系的发展目标应该与人类命运共同体的构建、新质生产力的发展以及人民至上的立场相适应。依据目标导向和问题导向相结合原则,新型社会关系在当前阶段的发展目标与全面深化改革需要解决的问题具有一致性,即将新型社会关系进一步提升至符合当前阶段推进中国式现代化所需的社会关系形态。全面深化改革是发展新型社会关系的实践路径,新型社会关系的发展同时也构成全面深化改革的重要内容。在全面深化改革中发展新型社会关系,既要从整体高度把握系统部署的总体思路,也要从具体层面以全面深化改革的三重指向实现新型社会关系的发展目标,充分彰显中国共产党人以进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的坚定决心和实践魄力。

中国式现代化背景下新质生产力发展与智能时代我国社会结构现代化

党的二十届三中全会提出“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,是推进中国式现代化的重大战略举措,对我国经济社会发展将产生深远影响。新质生产力的本质是先进生产力。新质生产力对人类社会交往方式、生活方式和社会结构现代化进程产生颠覆性影响。作为新质生产力的代表,人工智能正在成为类似于历史上蒸汽机、电力等具有广泛而深刻影响的新的通用技术。人工智能技术在工业社会、信息社会之后,正将人类社会带入智能时代,人类社会结构呈现智能现代化特征。发展新质生产力,必须进一步全面深化改革,形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。中国式现代化的本质和特征为新质生产力的解放和发展提供了契机,新质生产力也为破解我国发展不平衡不充分问题,实现社会结构现代化转型提供了历史机遇。西方现代化百年来,始终难以克服的弊病,也被带入了智能化时代,在“数字鸿沟”之后,“智能鸿沟”也在西方社会逐步形成。智能时代的中国社会结构,展示出新型现代化社会结构的特征,表现出优于西方社会结构的现代化新形态,成为与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系的重要构成部分。

基于“校地”融合视域下提高大学生社会适应力路径探讨——以食品微生物学为例

为了提高大学毕业生社会适应力,推动学生就业、企业转型、地方繁荣,实现校地融合共享式发展,以地方应用型本科高校中食品微生物学课程教学为例,从优化教学内容、创新教学模式、整合育人资源和调整考核体系四维度入手,提出专业基础课程教学改革新路径。一是注重提升学生专业技能,增强大学生自信心;二是注重培养大学生多角度思维,提高自我认知,拓宽就业渠道;三是注重整合地方优势资源,开展实践教学、体验教学,培养大学生创业意识和创新思维;四是注重技能掌握和知识迁移能力考核,培养学生团结合作和沟通表达,提高抗挫折能力。通过四项教学改革措施,有效帮助大学生提高个人综合素养,加快实现从学生到职场人的转变,有效增强大学生就业的归属感、成就感和幸福感,有效化解企业用人难题,更好地实现人尽其才、才尽其用、人岗匹配,有力促进地方经济高质量发展。

社会创新视野下的产品设计课程革新与实践

产品设计课程成果的落地情况始终是衡量课程质量的重要标准,融合了国内外社会创新设计的研究进展,将具有现实价值和实效性的课题引入课程,以推动产品设计课程革新,并将基础知识及前沿技能孵化并运用。这一思路与设计教育探讨的“产-教-研”模式相吻合,围绕社会设计课题展开课程实践的创新与探索,可以有效促进人才培养与社会供求之间的契合度。此外,在课程实践中不断总结社会创新设计的方法和经验,从历史的延续和未来的展望多维度地改革教学定位,这将为学生创新设计与企业项目深度融合提供机遇。

我国国有企业承担环境社会责任的制度建构--以对接CPTPP相应规则为视角

结合当下ESG体系的全球最新实践,以及我国申请加入CPTPP的现实需求,国企承担环境社会责任的制度建构具有重大意义。CPTPP强调环境法律的高标准、有效性、透明度以及对成员国和企业环境责任监管的程序性,在CPTPP框架下国企可以参与制定、完善自愿性机制环境绩效标准,补充国内对于环境的监管措施。借鉴CPTPP其他成员国相应经验,应统筹考量ESG治理体系及CPTPP环境规则的相应要求,鼓励对接ESG的国际通行标准,平衡国有企业政策性负担与绿色补偿机制,量化环境社会责任披露标准,采取规范第三方独立评估机构参与等举措来持续提升国企国际竞争力,助力我国加入CPTPP。

邓小平社会主义改革理论的重要创新贡献

邓小平社会主义改革理论深化了对社会主义建设规律的认识,对科学社会主义发展作出重要创新贡献。把我国社会基本矛盾状况作为改革的主要依据,强调发展生产力是社会主义的根本任务,改革是中国的第二次革命,找到了社会主义发展的直接动力。把完善和发展社会主义制度作为改革的目标,坚持根本制度,完善基本制度,全面深刻改革具体制度,建立充满生机活力的各方面体制,加快推进现代化。把建设中国特色社会主义作为改革的根本方向,立足社会主义初级阶段的实际和发展要求,坚持社会主义改革原则,避免了走僵化封闭的老路和改旗易帜的邪路。正确处理改革中的一系列重大关系,尤其是实行改革开放与坚持四项基本原则的关系,改革、发展与稳定的关系,探索和把握改革的规律,搞好中国特色社会主义事业。

长期护理保险的制度定位与模式选择

2016年以来,长期护理保险试点城市(地区)已扩大到49个并取得了长足发展,各试点地区因地制宜出现了诸多制度创新,但也存在明显的政策碎片化现象。本文着重讨论了长期护理保险制度碎片化现象较为明显的四个问题,包括享受待遇的目标人群、服务方式的供给结构、服务项目的侧重比例、两大制度板块的覆盖边界等;着重分析了模式选择的四个不同做法,包括运行模式、保障模式、筹资模式、经办模式等,并逐一提出相应的政策建议。根据“摸着石头过河与顶层设计相结合”的方法论,本文认为,应尽快结束试点,进入顶层设计阶段,以减少沉没成本;根据不同国家建立长期护理保险的时间节点,我国建立长期护理保险制度充分体现了“尽力而为、量力而行”的基本原则,是推进中国式现代化和实现共同富裕的重要举措;根据人口老龄化发展趋势,建议以2035年为界进行“两阶段推进”,以期平稳过渡到全国一盘棋的统一制度。

职业教育评价的制度嵌入和改革进路

教育评价是在社会场域中生成和发展的,是一种社会嵌入的存在,具有制度层面的独立性。作为一种协调机制或资源分配制度,职业教育评价受到由技能提供主体、技能学习主体和技能使用主体构成的社会场域的影响。这三大主体的相互作用,演化出了三个影响职业教育评价的关键变量:产业模式、教育制度和生涯发展制度。目前职业教育评价领域出现的各类问题,主要体现在这三个变量间的制度失配所导致的升学评价与就业评价的矛盾、评价内容与能力表现的脱节、企业评价与学校评价的失调。未来职业教育评价改革,应基于省域职教高考制度的建设,强化职业教育评价的信号功能和价值引导功能;基于大数据和人工智能技术,开发服务个体发展和大规模选拔的评价工具;基于专业层面制度化的能力分析,构建评价内容的来源和校企协作评价的依据。