Solar energy as well as biomass energy techniques suffers from disadvantages, which in some cases limit their potential for substituting fossil fuels. For instance, solar energy is difficult to store, and many kinds o...Solar energy as well as biomass energy techniques suffers from disadvantages, which in some cases limit their potential for substituting fossil fuels. For instance, solar energy is difficult to store, and many kinds of biomass are not suited for combustion, in spite of the fact that they have high energy contents. We describe and industrial size system, which has the goal of overcoming some of these limitations by combining solar- and biomass power. This is achieved by roasting residual biomass by means of hot air provided by solar power only. The solar power is collected by three “Linear Mirror” solar concentrator, they are designed to achieve high efficiency also at northern latitudes. Each one is equipped with an innovative solar-air heat exchanger. The hot air is delivered to a roasting device filled with humid residual biomass. We report the performance of this system from a first commissioning run. The system is intended to help create a closed-cycle economy by means of transforming waste biomasses to a high-quality combustible.展开更多
基于低温溶剂法从大宗农林废弃物玉米芯中提取的纤维素,耦合具有优异吸光性能的碳纳米管(CNTs),构筑复合纤维素水凝胶(CNTs-CH),利用纤维素凝胶的高保水性、可降解性,以及碳纳米管的高效光热转换能力、优良的力学性能和生物相容性,将其...基于低温溶剂法从大宗农林废弃物玉米芯中提取的纤维素,耦合具有优异吸光性能的碳纳米管(CNTs),构筑复合纤维素水凝胶(CNTs-CH),利用纤维素凝胶的高保水性、可降解性,以及碳纳米管的高效光热转换能力、优良的力学性能和生物相容性,将其用于太阳能驱动界面水蒸发净化领域。考察了吸光材料CNTs的不同添加量对CNTs-CH复合水凝胶的太阳能吸收率、机械性能及界面光热水蒸发效率的影响。最优条件下,CNTs添加质量百分数仅需0.2%,此CNTsCH复合纤维素水凝胶的平均蒸发速率可达到~1.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽转换效率约为92%;在海水中连续蒸发8 h,蒸发速率可保持在1.37 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)左右,且无积盐现象,净化水质远高于世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署对饮用水的标准,说明CNTs-CH抗盐性能较强。此外,CNTs-CH水凝胶在强酸/碱性水溶液体系、染料废水和重金属离子污染水体中的蒸发速率可维持为1.30~1.40 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽效率可达到80%~86%,对污染物及盐分截留率高达99.9%,蒸发效果稳定,说明CNTs-CH光热蒸发器在海水淡化和工业废水净化回用领域有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
文摘Solar energy as well as biomass energy techniques suffers from disadvantages, which in some cases limit their potential for substituting fossil fuels. For instance, solar energy is difficult to store, and many kinds of biomass are not suited for combustion, in spite of the fact that they have high energy contents. We describe and industrial size system, which has the goal of overcoming some of these limitations by combining solar- and biomass power. This is achieved by roasting residual biomass by means of hot air provided by solar power only. The solar power is collected by three “Linear Mirror” solar concentrator, they are designed to achieve high efficiency also at northern latitudes. Each one is equipped with an innovative solar-air heat exchanger. The hot air is delivered to a roasting device filled with humid residual biomass. We report the performance of this system from a first commissioning run. The system is intended to help create a closed-cycle economy by means of transforming waste biomasses to a high-quality combustible.
文摘基于低温溶剂法从大宗农林废弃物玉米芯中提取的纤维素,耦合具有优异吸光性能的碳纳米管(CNTs),构筑复合纤维素水凝胶(CNTs-CH),利用纤维素凝胶的高保水性、可降解性,以及碳纳米管的高效光热转换能力、优良的力学性能和生物相容性,将其用于太阳能驱动界面水蒸发净化领域。考察了吸光材料CNTs的不同添加量对CNTs-CH复合水凝胶的太阳能吸收率、机械性能及界面光热水蒸发效率的影响。最优条件下,CNTs添加质量百分数仅需0.2%,此CNTsCH复合纤维素水凝胶的平均蒸发速率可达到~1.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽转换效率约为92%;在海水中连续蒸发8 h,蒸发速率可保持在1.37 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)左右,且无积盐现象,净化水质远高于世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署对饮用水的标准,说明CNTs-CH抗盐性能较强。此外,CNTs-CH水凝胶在强酸/碱性水溶液体系、染料废水和重金属离子污染水体中的蒸发速率可维持为1.30~1.40 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽效率可达到80%~86%,对污染物及盐分截留率高达99.9%,蒸发效果稳定,说明CNTs-CH光热蒸发器在海水淡化和工业废水净化回用领域有广阔的应用前景。
