Water Relations on Alhagi sparsifolia in the Southern Fringe of Taklamakan Desert

Water relations of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. at the transition zone between oases and sandy desert were studied in the southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert. Results showed that A. sparsifolia maintained the positive turgor during the summer. The steady high predawn water potential (psi(P)) indicated A. sparsifolia had sufficient hydration and water supply in growing season. In July, water deficit caused by drought stress had no effect on the transpiration of A. sparsifolia. Therefore, drought stress is not a main factor affecting the survival of plants. The physiological adaptation to drought of A. sparsifolia was shown mainly at the leaf level by significant difference (DeltaII) and relative water content (RWC) between the osmotic pressure at full turgor and at turgor loss, by occurring of osmotic adjustment, by high percentage of dry mass-related water content ( WCsat), by RWC at turgor loss point ( RWCp) in stable level and low RWC of the saturated symplast (RWCsym). However, the morphological features of transpiring surface reduction and deep root system seem to be the main way for the plant to adapt to the extreme drought environment. Result also suggests that one time of irregular irrigation in summer will not be helpful to recover water status of A. sparsifolia in location where the water table is very low.

Effect of Mixed Silage of Alhagi sparsifolia and Medicago sativa at Initial Flowering Stage on Degradation

[Objective] The influence of mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage on degradation was studied to provide theoretical basis for production practice.[Method] Using A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage as materials,the changes of in vitro degradation rate,gas production,pH value,ammoniacal nitrogen（NH3-N）and volatile fatty acid（VFA）content in degradation solution were analyzed by means of artificial rumen technique,and the effect of mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage on degradation was studied in order to find out suitable mixed silage ratio of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa.[Result] Compared with single M.sativa,NH3-N content in degradation solution was very significantly decreased in the mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa,and there was a reduction in gas production,while the content of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid increased significantly;for the treatment of 70% A.sparsifolia and 30% M.sativa,NH3-N content（22.93 mmol/L）and gas production（40.50 ml）was lowest,while degradation rate（32.27%）,acetic acid（5.48 mmol/L）,propionic acid（2.08 mmol/L）,butyric acid（2.52 mmol/L）and their total content（10.08 mmol/L）were highest,so its degradation effect was the best.[Conclusion] The mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage could improve the utilization efficiency of protein and carbohydrate in M.sativa and the treatment of 70% A.sparsifolia and 30% M.sativa had the best degradation effect.

绿洲与沙漠地带疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia.)光合生理特征的适应差异

光系统Ⅱ的电子传递、生物量积累和形态变化三个方面对比研究了新疆石河子地区绿洲和沙漠生境下疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)光合生理特征的适应特点,发现两地Pn(净光合速率)特征值表现出清晨高,午后低的节律变化。沙漠生境下疏叶骆驼刺具有光饱合点高、蒸腾速率低和高水分利用率的特点,而绿洲生境下疏叶骆驼刺则通过较高的蒸腾速率来维持其高的光合速率,表现出高蒸腾、高光合的特点。二个样点Pn都与gs,WUE相关显著,而受Fv/Fm和水势变化的影响较小。认为疏叶骆驼刺对新疆沙漠和绿洲二种生境具有良好的环境适应性,并形成了不同的光合生理的适应特点;沙漠环境虽然不利于种群繁殖,但不影响疏叶骆驼刺的个体生长。

疏叶骆驼刺〔Alhagi sparsifolia(B.Keller et Shap.)Shap.〕的物候学分析

对吐鲁番沙漠植物园中自然分布的疏叶骆驼刺〔Alhagisparsifolia (B .KelleretShap .)Shap .〕的物候进行了 5a连续的观测 ,编绘了物候图谱。运用主成分分析方法 ,对影响疏叶骆驼刺物候的温度和光照因子进行了分析 ,揭示出与其主要物候期关系最为密切的气象因子 ,表明不同的物候期 ,诱导物候表现的主导因子不同 :诱导疏叶骆驼刺萌动期的主要气象因子为旬均最高温、旬均最低温和累计日照时数 ;诱导开花期的主要气象因子为≥ 5℃积温、花期平均日照长度和盛期旬均温 ;诱导果熟期最主要的环境因子有始熟旬均温、累积日照时数和全熟旬均温。

Responses of root growth of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) to different simulated groundwater depths in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China

Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- tribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The eco- logical adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that： （1） A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% （the critical soil moisture point）. （2） The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. （3） The decrease in groundwater depth was probably respon- sible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.

Root characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings in response to water supplement in an arid region,northwestern China

The effect of variation in water supply on woody seedling growth in arid environments remain poorly known.The subshrub Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.（Leguminosae）,distributed in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,Xinjiang,northwestern China,has evolved deep roots and is exclusively dependent on groundwater,and performs a crucial role for the local ecological safety.In the Cele oasis,we studied the responses of A.sparsifolia seedling roots to water supplement at 10 and 14 weeks under three irrigation treatments （none water supply of 0 m3/m2 （NW）,middle water supply of 0.1 m3/m2 （MW）,and high water supply of 0.2 m3/m2 （HW））.The results showed that the variations of soil water content （SWC） significantly influenced the root growth of A.sparsifolia seedlings.The leaf area,basal diameter and crown diameter were significantly higher in the HW treatment than in the other treatments.The biomass,root surface area （RSA）,root depth and relative growth rate （RGR） of A.sparsifolia roots were all significantly higher in the NW treatment than in the HW and MW treatments at 10 weeks.However,these root parameters were significantly lower in the NW treatment than in the other treatments at 14 weeks.When SWC continued to decline as the experiment went on （until less than 8％ gravimetric SWC）,the seedlings still showed drought tolerance through morphological and physiological responses,but root growth suffered serious water stress compared to better water supply treatments.According to our study,keeping a minimum gravimetric SWC of 8％ might be important for the growth and establishment of A.sparsifolia during the early growth stage.These results will not only enrich our knowledge of the responses of woody seedlings to various water availabilities,but also provide a new insight to successfully establish and manage A.sparsifolia in arid environments,further supporting the sustainable development of oases.

Separation and Measurement of Three Kinds of Endogenous Hormones in Rhizome of Alhagi sparsifolia

[ Objective] The aim was to establish effective method for endogenous hormone extraction and explore conditions of chromatographic analysis for three endogenous hormones in rhizome of Alhagi sparsifolia. [ Methed ] Activol （GA3 ）, zeatin （ZR） and indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） in rhizome were separated and measured as per RP-HPLC. [Result] The average recovery rates of GA3, ZR and IAA were 98.3%, 90.3% and 101.3%, respectively, indicating that the method is suitable for quantitative analysis with little errors. The chromatographic conditions were as follows： methanol/0. 75% of acetic acid at 45：55 （mobile phase） ; flow speed at 0.7 ml/min; wavelength at 254 nm; column temperature at 25 ℃. [Conclusion] The research preliminarily established HPLC conditions for separation of endogenous hormones in rhizome of Alhagi sparsifolia.

风蚀沙埋对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和花花柴(Karelinia caspica)幼苗的生理影响

风蚀沙埋是风沙活动区植物生长发育面临的重要干扰因子。以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带主要建群种疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和花花柴(Karelinia caspica)幼苗为研究对象,通过控制试验设置对照、1/3 H(H为林高)沙埋、2/3 H沙埋、3/3 H沙埋、风蚀2cm、风蚀5cm和风蚀10cm等7个处理,测定处理后2种植物幼苗的丙二醛、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量和光合参数,系统研究这2种植物幼苗对风蚀沙埋的生理响应。结果表明:(1)风蚀沙埋后,花花柴幼苗体内丙二醛累积,造成膜损伤,而疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的丙二醛含量变化不大。(2)沙埋胁迫下疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的叶绿素含量升高,而风蚀胁迫下叶绿素含量降低。3/3 H沙埋下花花柴叶绿素含量显著升高,其他风蚀沙埋处理下叶绿素含量均降低。(3)风蚀沙埋处理下,疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的光合速率升高,而花花柴幼苗的光合速率降低,可见疏叶骆驼刺幼苗耐风蚀沙埋的能力强于花花柴幼苗。

策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)群落的地表蚀积特征

观测了新疆策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带不同覆盖度骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)群落在生长季的地表蚀积特征。结果表明:骆驼刺群落从生长初期到稳定期,密度为0.2株·m-2的群落植被覆盖度由3.09%增长到34.42%,密度为0.18株·m-2的群落植被覆盖度由3.18%增长到22.66%,前者的阻沙效果优于后者,两者在生长初期地表风蚀最为严重,之后各阶段以风积为主,且单位面积净蚀积量随时间的推移逐步增加后趋于稳定;裸沙地以风蚀为主;密度为0.1株·m-2的群落植被覆盖度由0.44%增长到20.30%,与裸沙地相比,局部风蚀现象更为严重,且单位面积风蚀量随时间的推移而增加;植被覆盖度较大的群落内部和植株背风区,风积现象明显,群落外围迎风侧和植被覆盖度较小的区域,风蚀较为严重。应重点加强骆驼刺皆伐后生长初期和植被覆盖度较低区域的地表防护作用。

刈割对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)阻沙能力和土壤性质的影响

刈割是策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)利用最主要的方式之一。对疏叶骆驼刺刈割干扰4年后植被的恢复能力、阻沙能力和土壤性质进行了研究。结果表明:秋季刈割下的植被恢复能力和阻沙能力都强于春季刈割;与对照相比,春季刈割和秋季刈割都使表层土壤容重下降,秋季刈割下表层土壤孔隙度比春季刈割下提高了2.5%;秋季刈割和春季刈割使灌丛下表层土壤有机质、全氮都增加,而全磷、全钾没有明显的影响;相比较而言,刈割4年以后秋季刈割更容易形成"肥岛",更加有利于荒漠草地生态系统功能的恢复。

灌溉对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)幼苗光合生理指标及渗透物质的影响

研究了不同灌溉梯度对疏叶骆驼刺光合生理指标及渗透物质的影响。结果表明,灌溉对疏叶骆驼刺的光合有显著的影响。灌溉后土壤含水率和叶片叶绿素含量升高,同时随着叶片气孔导度值(gs)升高,蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)也增大,进一步促进了光合作用的进行。灌溉后疏叶骆驼刺的光补偿点(LCP)降低,量子效率(φ)升高,从而说明灌溉提高了疏叶骆驼刺对光能的利用程度和效率。随着灌水量的增加,疏叶骆驼刺的呼吸作用不断增强,光合作用也不断增强,说明水分条件越好疏叶骆驼刺的生理代谢越活跃,表现出高合成高消耗。另外,干旱胁迫可以导致疏叶骆驼刺叶片脯氨酸的大量积累,说明脯氨酸在疏叶骆驼刺的抗旱生理中起到重要作用。夏季灌溉可以有效改善疏叶骆驼刺样地的水分状况,提高光合生产力。

Growth, physiological characteristics and ion distribution of NaCl stressed Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings

Alhagi sparsifolia is a leguminous perennial desert species that is plays an important role in dune stabilization and revegetation of degraded desert ecosystems. We investigated the effects of three different levels of salinity (50, 150, 250 mmol/L NaCl) on the growth, shoot photosynthetic parameters and salt distribution amongst different plant organs in one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings in a pot experiment over a 50 d period. The minimum (predawn) and maximum (midday) water potentials of A. sparsifolia seedlings decreased with the increase of external NaCl concentrations as a consequence of the osmotic or water deficit effect of saline solutions outside the roots. Salinity also reduced gas exchange parameters in A. sparsifolia, with seedlings subjected to salinity having lower photosynthesis rates and reduced stomatal conductances compared to the control. The reductions in photosynthetic rates in high salinity treatments of the A. sparsifolia seedlings were mainly caused by stomatal limitation. Consequently plants growing at greater external NaCl concentrations had significantly lower biomass accumulation compared to the control grown at 50 mmol/L. However, plants exposed to higher salinity were able to maintain growth throughout the experiment but allocated a greater proportion of biomass belowground. Plants exposed to higher external salinity levels had increased concentrations of Na+ and Cl- ions in shoots and roots, suggesting that A. sparsifolia seedlings were utilizing Na+ and Cl- as osmolytes to increase the cellular osmolality and decrease their water potential. We observed the greatest NaCl concentrations in the plants treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl indicating that there may be a threshold level of NaCl that can be tolerated by the plants. In conclusion our results indicate that A. sparsifolia seedlings are moderately salt tolerant. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were reduced by greater external salinity but the seedlings maintained substantial photosynthetic rates even under high salinity stress, were able to maintain growth over the 50 d experimental period and showed no signs of salinity toxicity or damage.

Water relation characteristics ofAlhagi sparsifolia and consequences for a sustainable management

Water relation characteristics of the desert legume Alhagi sparsifolia were investigated during the vegetation period from April to September 1999 in the foreland of Qira oasis at the southern fringe of the Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The sea- sonal variation of predawn water potentials and of diurnal water potential indicated that Alhagi plants were well water supplied over the entire vegetation period. Decreasing values in the sum- mer months were probably attributed to increasing temperatures and irradiation and therefore a higher evapotranspirative demand. Data from pressure-volume analysis confirmed that Alhagi plants were not drought stressed and xylem sap flow measurements indicated that Alhagi plants used large amounts of water during the summer months. Flood irrigation had no influence on water relations in Alhagi probably because Alhagi plants produced only few fine roots in the upper soil layers. The data indicate that Alhagi sparsifolia is a drought-avoiding species that utilizes ground water by a deep roots system, which is the key characteristic to adjust the hyper-arid environment. Because growth and survival of Alhagi depends on ground water supply, it is important that varia- tions of ground water depth are kept to a minimum. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of natural vegetation around oasis in arid regions.

枯黄期骆驼刺与稻草混贮对青贮饲料品质的影响

采用枯黄期骆驼刺、稻草及其二者不同比例混合料为青贮原料,通过鉴定感官指标,分析青贮料的pH值、CP、NDF、ADF、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸及总酸的变化,研究骆驼刺与稻草不同比例混贮对青贮品质的影响。结果表明,骆驼刺虽然是豆科牧草,却容易成功青贮,青贮发酵以乳酸发酵为主(乳酸/总酸大于50%);骆驼刺与稻草混贮,能显著提高稻草青贮原料的可溶性碳水化合物含量(P<0.05),降低pH值和NH3-N/TN的百分比(P<0.01),提高混贮料中乳酸,丙酸(P<0.01)和总酸(P<0.05)含量,骆驼刺占混贮料的40%以上时就能显著降低青贮料中丁酸(P<0.05)的含量,改善稻草的青贮品质。

短期环割对骆驼刺气孔导度及叶绿素荧光的影响

为研究骆驼刺对不同环割的生理响应,以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲外围骆驼刺为试验材料,设置了对照(CK),韧皮部半割(PS),韧皮部全割(PF),木质部半割(XS)4种处理,研究了骆驼刺的气孔导度、光合色素含量、Chl a/b、叶绿素荧光参数和曲线在不同环割处理下的变化特征。结果表明:短期韧皮部半割对骆驼刺各项生理指标影响不明显;韧皮部全割下,骆驼刺气孔导度、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数有了不同程度的下降;木质部半割显著降低了骆驼刺气孔导度但光合色素含量和大部分荧光参数没有发生变化。处理后第5天和第10天各项参数相差不大,短期内环割对骆驼刺的伤害程度随时间推移变化较小。总体来看,短期环割处理对骆驼刺伤害程度是PF>XS>PS>CK。在荒漠化防治过程中,应尽量避免骆驼刺的韧皮部被全部剥蚀。

不同地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片生理参数光响应特性

为探讨地下水位变化对骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)幼苗生长发育的影响,2008年9月在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲外围,利用Li-6400光合作用仪测定了人工控制1,1.5,2.0,2.5 m地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn),蒸腾速率(Tr),水分利用效率(WUE)等生理参数对有效光辐射(PAR)的响应过程。结果表明:(1)一定光强(0~1 000μmol.m-2.s-1)范围内,不同地下水埋深的骆驼刺幼苗Pn均随着PAR的增强而迅速增加,之后随光强的进一步增加(1 000~2 500μmol.m-2.s-1),Pn基本维持不变,光抑制并不明显,Tr和WUE的变化趋势和Pn相似;(2)上述生理指标在不同地下水埋深间有明显差异,随着地下水位的降低,骆驼刺幼苗叶片Tr增大,同时光补偿点(LCP)降低,光饱和点(LSP)升高,表观量子效率(AQY)升高,Pn也随之增大,表明在一定程度上降低地下水位,能显著提高骆驼刺幼苗的光合能力。1~2.5 m的地下水位变幅对骆驼刺幼苗的光合生理参数光响应特性有显著影响,这为研究骆驼刺对地下水位变化的生理响应和适应机制提供一定的理论依据,也为在塔克...

添加初花期骆驼刺改善苜蓿青贮品质

为改善苜蓿的发酵品质,软化初花期骆驼刺的刺状花梗,确定二者的适宜混贮比例。采用初花期骆驼刺、紫花苜蓿及其二者不同比例混合料为青贮原料,共5个处理,青贮90 d后,通过分析青贮前、后的化学成分、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量变化;鉴定青贮饲料感官品质和发酵品质,研究骆驼刺与苜蓿混合青贮对青贮品质的影响。结果表明,2种豆科牧草混合后,干物质、可溶性碳水化合物含量、乳酸菌数量和酵母菌数量较苜蓿显著提高(P<0.05);青贮90 d后的所有青贮饲料,乳酸菌数量明显上升,酵母菌数量明显下降;混贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和甲醇、乙醇、丙醇含量显著低于苜蓿青贮(P<0.05或P<0.01),乳酸含量显著高于苜蓿青贮(P<0.01);混贮饲料的乙酸、丙酸含量显著高于骆驼刺(P<0.01),混贮饲料有氧稳定性好,感官品质优良。骆驼刺占混贮料的30%及以上时,均能改善苜蓿青贮品质。研究结果为骆驼刺资源开发利用,寻找无添加剂高水分苜蓿青贮方法提供理论依据。

水分、盐分和埋深对铃铛刺和疏叶骆驼刺种子萌发的影响

在塔里木河下游通过不同水分、盐分和埋深对铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)和疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)种子萌发的影响进行了研究,结果显示:(1)水分显著影响铃铛刺种子的萌发(P<0.001),随着土壤水分含量的增加,种子的萌发率呈现先增加后下降的趋势;水分对疏叶骆驼刺种子萌发的影响不显著(P>0.05)。(2)盐分极显著影响2种植物种子的萌发(P<0.05),铃铛刺种子萌发率随盐(NaCL)浓度增加呈直线下降趋势(R^2=0.935 1);疏叶骆驼刺种子的萌发率随着盐浓度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势(R^2=0.845 8),即低盐浓度(0～0.2 mol/L)促进骆驼刺种子的萌发,盐浓度>0.3 mol/L,种子萌发开始受到抑制。(3)埋深明显影响豆科植物种子的萌发。两种植物种子发芽率随埋深的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,当埋深为0和2 cm时均不萌发。

不同干扰方式对疏叶骆驼刺生长及生理特征的影响

本实验以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘疏叶骆驼刺为研究对象,设置春季刈割、春季火烧、秋季刈割、对照4个处理,研究干扰对其生长及生理特征的影响。研究结果表明,1)秋季刈割叶片长宽比、叶片厚度显著大于其他处理,叶片进行能量交换、物质积累的能力最强。2)不同干扰方式均降低了疏叶骆驼刺株高,不利于疏叶骆驼刺的恢复与再生,3种人为干扰方式比较秋季刈割骆驼刺再生能力最强。3)秋季刈割叶片叶绿素含量显著高于其他处理。4)3种干扰在生理上降低了疏叶骆驼刺受外界逆境的损害,秋季刈割抗逆性最强。因此,秋季适度刈割是疏叶骆驼刺最佳的保护性利用措施。

骆驼刺幼苗氮素特征对不同灌溉量的响应

氮素在植物所有必需营养元素中是限制生长的首要元素。氮素的来源和分配不但影响氮素利用效率,而且与氮素的周转和内循环有密切关系。为了解极端干旱区深根系植物的氮素特征(生物固氮、氮素分配、氮素利用效率),在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的策勒绿洲,依托策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,以骆驼刺幼苗为研究对象,采用15N稳定同位素法和分层分段挖根法,对3种灌溉量(CK、0.1、0.2m3/m2)下骆驼刺幼苗的氮素特征进行了1个生长季内的动态研究。结果表明:⑴灌溉提高生物固氮,但是灌溉量过多抑制生物固氮。在生长季末,3个灌溉量下的生物固氮比例分别为30.0%、42.8%、11.3%;生物固氮质量分别为0.4、0.8、0.2g/株。(2)灌溉使得分配到骆驼刺幼苗茎、叶中的氮素比例、氮素质量增加,根中氮素质量增加,在生长季初,分配到叶的氮素质量最大,分配到根中的氮素质量最小,在生长季末,3种灌溉量下根中氮素比例高达49.2%、44.5%、55.0%;灌溉有利于增加氮素利用效率,但是,灌溉量过多会降低氮素利用效率。在生长季末,3种灌溉量(CK、0.1、0.2m3/m2)下氮素利用效率分别是:77.9、104.3、84.5。(3)试验中,通过比较不同灌溉量对骆驼刺幼苗氮素特征的影响,发现0.1m3/m2灌溉量为较佳灌溉量。