Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Urban Spatial Form and Carbon Emissions in Poyang Lake City Group

In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.

Urban Spatial Form Optimization Strategies Based on the Principle of Climate Adaptability of Regional Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Cave Dwelling Villages in Northern Shaanxi Province

A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.

Interpretation of the Spatial Form of Chengdu Plain's Traditional Towns from the Vernacular Perspective

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.

Dissolving Temporal Sequence： Spatial Form in James Joyce＇s Ulysses （＂Nausicaa＂ Episode）

In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic development. Starting with Gustave Flaubert and recognizing his efforts to duplicate the simultaneity of action possible in drama and later in film, Frank comments that since language proceeds in time, it is possible to approach this simultaneity of perception only by breaking up temporal sequence. While Flaubert introduces this method, it does not become a dominant form until James Joyce＇s Ulysses. According to Frank, spatialization of form in this novel provides an alternative to the chronological development normal to verbal structures, which can be read only in a linear fashion through time, unlike painting and the plastic arts, which can be visually apprehended instantaneously. Applied to Ulysses as a whole by Joseph Frank, the conception of spatial form might as well serve as a convenient point of departure for the analysis on much smaller, let＇s say, ＂episodic＂ scale. In ＂Nausicaa＂ episode, Joyce dissolves temporal sequence by cutting back and forth between the various levels of action in a slowly-rising crescendo to achieve the unified impact, the sense of simultaneous activity occurring in different places. For the duration of the episode the time-flow of the narrative is halted： various levels of action are juxtaposed independently of the progress of the narrative. Joyce, in this fragmentation of narrative structure, proceeded on the assumption that a unified spatial apprehension of not only separate episodes but his entire work would ultimately be possible.

Fractal Evolution of the Spatial Form of the Town and Water System in Southern Jiangsu Province:A Case Study of Suzhou City

Southern Jiangsu Province has a dense water network.Under the guidance of the new concept of harmonious development between humans and nature proposed at the 19 th CPC National Congress,it is of great significance to build a good spatial relationship between the town and its water system.Using the grid method,this paper calculates the fractal dimension of construction land and water space of 20 towns in Suzhou City since 1995,finding that the fractal dimension of town construction land rises rapidly,whereas that of water space drops slowly on a high dimension.In addition,the spatial form of town construction land and water space form are characterized by planar aggregation and sporadic growth respectively.The paper discusses the evolutionary characteristics of the fractal correlation of construction land and water space in towns with low-,medium-,and high-density water networks,as well as the represented spatial form relations and the underlying relationship between humans and nature.It concludes with an ecological restoration strategy of the two-way interaction between construction land and water space in different types of towns,which may provide a reference for the ecological progress of towns in southern Jiangsu Province.

A research into the large-scaled spatial forms of cities based on urban design

In the process of unprecedented urbanization in contemporary China, a great many of Chinese cities have witnessed a rapid expansion of urban scale to different degrees. With the continuous compilation, amendment and enforcement of urban planning, the functional structure, spatial environment, street patterns and textures and even the social aspect of cities have changed conspicuously, all of which have directly happened to the spatial forms of the dimension, or even the multi-dimension of a certain city. By describing and analyzing the structure, evolution and explicit tokens of the spatial forms of cities, this thesis attempts to set up a model of factors that affect urban forms, as well as discuss the attributes, protection, adjustment and development-potential of urban land closely associated with forms. In addition, on the basis of the professional features for urban design to participate in the modeling and construction-management of desirable spatial forms of cities, the author has put forward technical measures for quantitatively appraising and analyzing the large-scaled spatial forms of cities, thus offering technical support to municipal governments and management departments of planned construction.

Temporal-spatial distribution and ore-forming material source of gold,copper and silver polymetallic ore deposits in the Fuping mantle structure zone

This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag poly-metallic ore resources are concentrated in North Hebei. However, there has existed a long-standing controversy on the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources and their ore-forming material sources. In terms of age dating and the comprehensive analysis of S, Pb, O, C and Si isotopes, it is considered that the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources in this mantle branch structure zone is obviously controlled by the Fuping mantle branch structure. In space there is developed such a metallogenic pattern as to be Ag, Pb and Zn polymetallic ore deposits with gold appearing inside and copper appearing outside. Metallogenesis is dated mainly at Yanshanian, the ore-forming materials were derived predominantly from the deep interior of the Earth, and ore-forming fluids were derived largely from Yanshanian magmatism.

Study on Evolution of Courtyard Landscape Form of Traditional Rural Settlement in Guanzhong Area

By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for inherent law of development and evolution of courtyard landscape structure of rural settlement,explore the formation worth keeping and regaining during evolution process.Based on protection of original courtyard landscape morphological structure of traditional rural settlement,it made an attempt to establish a new method to guide the construction of settlement landscape at new period,realizing sustainable and virtuous cycle development mode.

基于空间运动学的传统机床与Free-form型机床运动转换方法的研究

从空间运动学的观点来看 ,为保持加工过程中刀具与工件之间的相对位置不变 ,传统机床与Free form型机床的运动转换只需进行 2次矢量旋转即可简单实现。然而现有的CNC系统不可能在加工时对齿面的每一点进行转换 ,因为这满足不了实时性的要求 ,而且也无必要。因此作者提出了一种简单的方法 ,即只在齿面参考点进行转换 ,通过空间相对运动高阶加速度的分析 ,就可得到Free form机床的所有调整参数 ,文中推导了这种转换方法的精确转化公式。与其他方法相比 ,介绍的方法概念清晰 ,计算量小 ,更加简便而准确。最后给出了计算实例以验证本文方法理论和算法的正确性 ,其TCA分析结果表明 。

运营铁路路堑边坡病害分析与整治

针对某铁路路堑工点运营期间的挡墙开裂、侧沟变形等病害,采用了工程地质调查、勘探、室内试验等综合手段,查明了滑坡的空间形态,对病害产生的原因进行了分析,根据对比反演参数和室内试验参数确定了滑面抗剪指标,评价了工点的稳定性。按照四项病害整治原则,结合正在实施的刷方卸载应急处理措施,制定了:方案一边坡大刷方卸载+局部锚固桩+框架锚杆+仰斜排水孔;方案二边坡局部刷方卸载+抗滑桩+框架锚杆+仰斜排水孔。经过方案比选,确定采用方案一,现场实施后,整治效果良好。

Relationship between catchment characteristics and nitrogen forms in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.

Probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering spatial variability in rock mass properties using interpolated autocorrelation and response surface method

This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is adopted to model the spatial variability of rock mass properties. An iterative procedure using the first-order reliability method(FORM) and response surface method(RSM) is employed to compute the reliability index and its corresponding design point. The results indicate that the spatial variability considerably affects the computed reliability index. The probability of failure could be noticeably overestimated in the case where the spatial variability is neglected. The vertical scale of fluctuation has a much higher effect on the probabilistic result with respect to the tunnel convergence than the horizontal scale of fluctuation. And the influence of different spacing of control points on the computational accuracy is investigated.

Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.

Spatial Morphology Anatomy of Heijing Ancient Town in Chuxiong,Yunnan

Based on historical evolution of Heijing,this paper analyzed the landscape features of natural landscape,general structure and man-made architecture in Heijing.Meanwhile,it revealed its historical position as a place with thousands years of salt production as well as its solid economic financial resources.This article described and analysed the ancient town's space forms and the feelings from three space areas which are the natural environment,the artificial building and the spiritual cultural.The final conclusion hoped to supply a referent value in knowing well of the Heijing town and studying its construction and development as the role of an important commercial town in Ming and Qing dynasty.

新质生产力空间形态刍论

新质生产力的空间形态是影响“因地制宜发展新质生产力”的重要理论问题。围绕这一问题,从新质生产力与中国式现代化的关系出发,对新质生产力的空间形态进行了探索,“新质生产力首先必然是国家生产力”的观点得以提出并对其论述,并指出区域层面的新质生产力发展必须服从于这一观点,才能在新质生产力时代赢得新的发展机遇;在此基础上,提出了兼顾新质生产力引领发展、统筹发展和重塑格局的综合功能,兼顾新质生产力的国家属性、人类属性和未来属性等对策建议。

地铁入口空间布局对室内空气质量的影响研究

城市地铁地处繁华地区,结构封闭,周边环境污染源较多,室内易积累污染物。本研究重点关注地铁口空间布局对室外颗粒物进入的影响,在调研中选取地铁站入口方向、顶棚形态、入口高宽比3个形态指标作为影响因子,经过实测验证CFD模型的可行性后,选择RNG k-ε模型模拟不同风速下各地铁口形态的室内污染情况。结果表明:(1)侧向比正向入口颗粒拦截率高一倍;(2)入口高宽比小于1∶1时入口宽度越大,地铁站整体空气质量越好;(3)顶棚形态对室内颗粒物的消减排列为:斜顶>平顶>无顶;(4)地铁口空间形态对不同直径的颗粒拦截效果不同。形态设计可以改善站内颗粒物进入情况,通过空气对流、回流减少室外污染物的直接灌入。

论空间转向:关于空间形式、空间批评与地理批评的概述

空间形式几乎是所有时代和所有文化共有的文学经验与文学阐释的重要方面。空间首先是一个物理的观念,极早成为欧几里得几何学的基本内容。欧洲物理学、哲学、形而上学关于空间及其属性的争论持续了2000多年。空间、地理空间、社会空间、空间形式、空间批评、空间转向是一组相互关联的人文观念。1945年约瑟夫·弗兰克提出了现代文学中的空间形式。空间批评发生于1950-1980年代,巴什拉尔、勒菲弗尔、福柯、詹明信、曼德尔、哈维等从人文地理学、马克思主义、文化批评理论等角度越来越多地关注了空间理论。“空间转向”发生于1990年前后。21世纪初期,其革新的学者范式及其方法迅速从人文地理学扩展/散播到哲学、文学、艺术研究诸领域。

基于空间句法与GIS的传统村落空间形态研究——以捞车村为例

以湖南省湘西地区少数民族传统村落捞车村作为研究对象,对其进行村落空间形态研究,旨在为该村落的景观元素、传统建筑及其他内部空间要素的保护与利用提供有价值的参考。在对捞车村进行实地调研的基础上,运用空间句法与Arc GIS空间分析技术相结合的方法,从全局整合度、可理解度、平均最近邻分析及核密度等角度对研究区进行定量与定性分析。研究结果表明:(1)捞车村空间整体形态属于聚集型,村落空间呈现“一带多点”的布局特征。(2)捞车村的全局整合度不高,可达性一般,空间内部渗透能力不足,但是该村落仍有较少区域整合度较高。(3)该村落的可理解度数值较低,导致使用人群对村落空间信息感知能力变差。最后,根据分析结果提出了优化村落内部路网系统、加强村落空间生态环境系统保护与传统建筑的保护与改造的相关空间优化措施。

论新质生产力与“三生”空间融合——二论新质生产力空间形态

新质生产力空间形态问题事关“因地制宜发展新质生产力”。本文从新质生产力的扩散性、渗透性、持续性三个属性出发,对新质生产力赋能“三生”空间的历史必然性、人本逻辑性、架构突破性和共同体属性进行了论述,总的结论是:新质生产力赋能“三生”空间的问题,归根结底是依托新质生产力共筑人与自然命运共同体的问题,只有立足于这个愿景,才能让新质生产力与空间发展更好地结合起来,为中国发展形成新模式、实现新引领、塑造新形态、达到新目标提供最为强大的动力。