Standard metabolic rates of Schlegels black rockfish with different body weights are determined in laboratory by using the flow-through respirometer at 11.2 ℃, 14.7℃ , 18.0 ℃ and 23.6 ℃ . The results indicate that...Standard metabolic rates of Schlegels black rockfish with different body weights are determined in laboratory by using the flow-through respirometer at 11.2 ℃, 14.7℃ , 18.0 ℃ and 23.6 ℃ . The results indicate that the standard metabolic rates increase with the increase of body weight at different temperatures. Relationship between them could be described as Rs = a ln W b. The mean of standard metabolic rate is significantly different among groups, but the b values are not. The standard metabolic rates of amended standard body weights decrease with the increase of temperature, and the mean of standard metabolic rate is also significantly different among groups when the standard body weights are 48.6 g, 147.9 g, and 243.1 g. Relationship between them could be described as Rsw = m e-b/T. The relations of standard metabolic rate ( Rs ) or relative metabolic rate ( Rs ) to body weight and temperature yield the following equations: Rs = 1.160 W 0.752 e -9.494/ T and Rs’= 1.160 W 0.254 e -9.494/ T.展开更多
By calculating the hourly standard deviation of the first-order differences of the horizontal geomagnetic com- ponent minute data, a new index Vr to represent the variation rate of the geomagnetic field was introduced...By calculating the hourly standard deviation of the first-order differences of the horizontal geomagnetic com- ponent minute data, a new index Vr to represent the variation rate of the geomagnetic field was introduced. Vr-indices show similar trends in the temporal change at different observatories and have simultaneous peak values at the observatories cov- ering a large span geographically, which reveals that the source of geomagnetic disturbances represented by Vr is in the mag- netosphere. Based on the comparison among Vr, Kp and ap, it is found that generally Vr changes linearly with Kp and ap, which means that the rapid changes of magnetic field usually exist together with magnetic disturbances. But there are excep- tions. As Vr can be easily produced by individual observatory in quasi real time and is more sensitive to the variation rate of geomagnetic field rather than the field itself, it can be expected to serve for monitoring or predicting the geomagnetic-induced event in a quick and intuitive way.展开更多
Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality ra...Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of BC for 184 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the World Bank Report 2013. Linear regression model was used for assessment the effect of HDI on BC occurrence rates. Results: In 2012, BCs were estimated to have affected a total of 1,671,149 individuals (crude rate: 47.8 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 521,907 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 14.7 per 100,000 individuals). Nearly half of total female BC cases (46.3%) with the highest risk of incidence (age-standardized Rate (ASR): 128 per 100,000) had occurred in very high HDI regions. The most proportion of the mortality burden was in low HDI and medium HDI areas. Linear regression analyses showed a direct significant correlation between the incidence of BC and HDI at the global level (B = 104.5, P < 0.001). The mortality rate of BC was not significantly associated with HDI (B = 3.26, P = 0.160). Conclusion: Our study showed that the burden of female BC is enormous in very high HDI and low HID regions. Targeted interventions have the ability to reduce this number significantly through resource-dependent interventions. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with BC.展开更多
Purpose: To standardize the methods to measure Ki-67, there is an interest in automating the assessment of Ki-67. Therefore, we reviewed the possibility of introducing an automated analyzer to standardize the Ki-67 ev...Purpose: To standardize the methods to measure Ki-67, there is an interest in automating the assessment of Ki-67. Therefore, we reviewed the possibility of introducing an automated analyzer to standardize the Ki-67 evaluation method. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a clinical database of patients who underwent surgery for early breast cancer at Tokyo-West Tokushukai Hospital. Among them, those who underwent preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) were enrolled. The concordance rates of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 by local pathologists were reviewed (valuations made by local pathologists), and nonmatching cases (from August 2008 to October 2011) were reassessed both by central review and using an automated analyzer with virtual slides. The results were compared with the evaluations made by local pathologists, and we reexamined the concordance rate by using central review and the automated analyzer. Results: The concordance rate of Ki-67 evaluations made by local pathologists in the preoperative CNB and surgical specimens was 78.7% in 287 cases pathologically assessed from October 2008 to March 2013. This rate was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that of ER (95.6%), PgR (88.5%), and HER2 (91.6%). Reassessment of the 37 cases of nonmatching Ki-67 values from 2008 to October 2011 using central review and an automated analyzer resulted in clear improvement in matching of 22 (92.1%) and 24 (93.1%) of 37 cases, respectively. Conclusion: The concordance rate of Ki-67 in preoperative CNB and surgical specimens was lower than that of other biological markers;however, they were nearly equal by reassessment using central review and an automated analyzer.展开更多
It is well-known that colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer prevention.Although performed by experienced endoscopists,the matter remains of polyps missed during this examination.The reasons may ...It is well-known that colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer prevention.Although performed by experienced endoscopists,the matter remains of polyps missed during this examination.The reasons may include the size,shape and location of the lesions.Many colorectal cancer screening programs have been proposed to increase the adenoma detection rate.The substantial difference between these methods is whether the improvement in vision,particularly the detection of irregularities of the mucosa,is inside the endoscope electronic components(magnification,wideangle vision,narrow band imaging,flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement,i-Scan) or outside the same,by the use of specific caps(EndoC uff,EndoV ision,Endo Rings).Endocuff is a plastic device mounted at the end of the scope with a constant vision field of the entire colon.The aim of this study is to explore the potential clinical and technical benefits of Endocuff.展开更多
基金This paper is financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation (No.497901001)Key Basic Research and Development Program(No.G1999043710)of China
文摘Standard metabolic rates of Schlegels black rockfish with different body weights are determined in laboratory by using the flow-through respirometer at 11.2 ℃, 14.7℃ , 18.0 ℃ and 23.6 ℃ . The results indicate that the standard metabolic rates increase with the increase of body weight at different temperatures. Relationship between them could be described as Rs = a ln W b. The mean of standard metabolic rate is significantly different among groups, but the b values are not. The standard metabolic rates of amended standard body weights decrease with the increase of temperature, and the mean of standard metabolic rate is also significantly different among groups when the standard body weights are 48.6 g, 147.9 g, and 243.1 g. Relationship between them could be described as Rsw = m e-b/T. The relations of standard metabolic rate ( Rs ) or relative metabolic rate ( Rs ) to body weight and temperature yield the following equations: Rs = 1.160 W 0.752 e -9.494/ T and Rs’= 1.160 W 0.254 e -9.494/ T.
文摘By calculating the hourly standard deviation of the first-order differences of the horizontal geomagnetic com- ponent minute data, a new index Vr to represent the variation rate of the geomagnetic field was introduced. Vr-indices show similar trends in the temporal change at different observatories and have simultaneous peak values at the observatories cov- ering a large span geographically, which reveals that the source of geomagnetic disturbances represented by Vr is in the mag- netosphere. Based on the comparison among Vr, Kp and ap, it is found that generally Vr changes linearly with Kp and ap, which means that the rapid changes of magnetic field usually exist together with magnetic disturbances. But there are excep- tions. As Vr can be easily produced by individual observatory in quasi real time and is more sensitive to the variation rate of geomagnetic field rather than the field itself, it can be expected to serve for monitoring or predicting the geomagnetic-induced event in a quick and intuitive way.
文摘Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of BC for 184 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the World Bank Report 2013. Linear regression model was used for assessment the effect of HDI on BC occurrence rates. Results: In 2012, BCs were estimated to have affected a total of 1,671,149 individuals (crude rate: 47.8 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 521,907 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 14.7 per 100,000 individuals). Nearly half of total female BC cases (46.3%) with the highest risk of incidence (age-standardized Rate (ASR): 128 per 100,000) had occurred in very high HDI regions. The most proportion of the mortality burden was in low HDI and medium HDI areas. Linear regression analyses showed a direct significant correlation between the incidence of BC and HDI at the global level (B = 104.5, P < 0.001). The mortality rate of BC was not significantly associated with HDI (B = 3.26, P = 0.160). Conclusion: Our study showed that the burden of female BC is enormous in very high HDI and low HID regions. Targeted interventions have the ability to reduce this number significantly through resource-dependent interventions. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with BC.
文摘Purpose: To standardize the methods to measure Ki-67, there is an interest in automating the assessment of Ki-67. Therefore, we reviewed the possibility of introducing an automated analyzer to standardize the Ki-67 evaluation method. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a clinical database of patients who underwent surgery for early breast cancer at Tokyo-West Tokushukai Hospital. Among them, those who underwent preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) were enrolled. The concordance rates of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 by local pathologists were reviewed (valuations made by local pathologists), and nonmatching cases (from August 2008 to October 2011) were reassessed both by central review and using an automated analyzer with virtual slides. The results were compared with the evaluations made by local pathologists, and we reexamined the concordance rate by using central review and the automated analyzer. Results: The concordance rate of Ki-67 evaluations made by local pathologists in the preoperative CNB and surgical specimens was 78.7% in 287 cases pathologically assessed from October 2008 to March 2013. This rate was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that of ER (95.6%), PgR (88.5%), and HER2 (91.6%). Reassessment of the 37 cases of nonmatching Ki-67 values from 2008 to October 2011 using central review and an automated analyzer resulted in clear improvement in matching of 22 (92.1%) and 24 (93.1%) of 37 cases, respectively. Conclusion: The concordance rate of Ki-67 in preoperative CNB and surgical specimens was lower than that of other biological markers;however, they were nearly equal by reassessment using central review and an automated analyzer.
文摘It is well-known that colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer prevention.Although performed by experienced endoscopists,the matter remains of polyps missed during this examination.The reasons may include the size,shape and location of the lesions.Many colorectal cancer screening programs have been proposed to increase the adenoma detection rate.The substantial difference between these methods is whether the improvement in vision,particularly the detection of irregularities of the mucosa,is inside the endoscope electronic components(magnification,wideangle vision,narrow band imaging,flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement,i-Scan) or outside the same,by the use of specific caps(EndoC uff,EndoV ision,Endo Rings).Endocuff is a plastic device mounted at the end of the scope with a constant vision field of the entire colon.The aim of this study is to explore the potential clinical and technical benefits of Endocuff.
