Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

Effects of material of metallic frame on the penetration resistances of ceramic-metal hybrid structures

The effects of metallic material on the penetration resistances of ceramic-metal hybrid structures against vertical long-rod tungsten projectiles were studied by artillery-launched experiments and numerical simulation.Hybrid structures with rectangular cores in transverse orthogonal arrangement and slidefitting ceramic inserts of zirconia toughened alumina prisms were fabricated with titanium alloy TC4(Ti6 Al4 V),AISI 4340 steel and 7075 aluminum alloy panels,respectively.The results showed that the hybrid structure of Ti6A14V exhibited the highest penetration resistance,followed by that of 7075 aluminum alloy with the same area density.The penetration resistance of the hybrid structure of AISI4340 steel was the lowest.The underlying mechanisms showed that the metallic material of a ceramicmetal hybrid structure can directly affect its energy absorption from the impact projectile,which further affects its penetration resistance.Different metallic frames exhibited different failure characteristics,resulting in different constraint conditions or support conditions for ceramic prisms.The high penetration resistance of the Ti6Al4V hybrid structure was due to its stronger back support to ceramic prisms as compared with that of AISI 4340 steel hybrid structure,and better constraint condition for ceramic prisms by metallic webs as compared with that of 7075 aluminum alloy hybrid structure.The results of mass efficiency and thickness efficiency showed that the Ti6Al4V hybrid structure has advantages in reducing both the thickness and the mass of protective structure.In addition,because the ceramic-metal hybrid structures in the present work were heterogeneous,impact position has slight influence on their penetration resistances.

结合Hybrid Attention机制和BiLSTM-CRF的汉语否定语义表示及标注

阅读理解中否定是一种复杂的语言现象,其往往会反转情感或态度的极性。因此,正确分析否定语义对语篇理解具有重要意义。现有否定语义分析方法存在两个问题:第一,研究的否定词较少达不到应用目的;第二,目前汉语否定语义标注只是标注整个句子,这无法明确否定语义。针对该问题提出基于汉语框架语义知识库(Chinese FrameNet)进行否定语义角色标注方法。在框架语义学理论指导下结合汉语否定语义特征对已由FrameNet继承的否定框架重新构建;为了解决捕捉长距离信息以及句法特征问题,提出一种基于Hybrid Attention机制的BiLSTMCRF语义角色标注模型,其中,Hybrid Attention机制层将局部注意与全局注意结合准确表示句子中的否定语义,BiLSTM网络层自动学习并提取语句上下文信息,CRF层预测最优否定语义角色标签。经过比对验证,该模型能够有效提取出含有否定语义信息,在否定语义框架数据集上F1值达到89.82%。

Bi-level hybrid local search approach for three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints

This paper presents a bi-level hybrid local search(BHLS)algorithm for the three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints(3DLP-B),where several rectangular boxes with even densities but different sizes are loaded into a single cubic bin to meet the requirements of the space or capacity utilization and the balance of the center of gravity.The proposed algorithm hybridizes a novel framed-layout procedure in which the concept of the core block and its generation strategy are introduced.Once the block-loading sequence has been determined,we can load one block at a time by the designed construction heuristic.Then,the double-search is introduced;its external search procedure generates a list of compact packing patterns while its internal search procedure is used to search the core-block frames and their best distribution locations.The approach is extensively tested on weakly to strongly heterogeneous benchmark data.The results show that it has better performance in improving space utilization rate and balanced condition of the placement than existed techniques:the overall averages from 79.85%to 86.45%were obtained for the balanced cases and relatively high space-usage rate of 89.44%was achieved for the unbalanced ones.

Hybrid-Trefftz有限元法的研究进展

系统概述了ＨｙｂｒｉｄＴｒｅｆｆｔｚ有限元法及其在弹性力学中的应用．该单元模型由于在插值函数上的灵活选择性使其比普通有限元能更有效地处理局部效应问题，如孔洞，集中荷载等．通过适当选择单元插值函数可构造出高精度的ｐ－扩展元和一系列满足特殊条件的新单元。

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

A Computer-aided Design System for Framed-mould in Autoclave Processing

The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.

结合传递比与栈式自编码器的结构损伤识别

如何从土木结构响应数据中挖掘损伤特征并有效分类,是实现损伤模式识别的关键。为此,以框架结构为分析对象,搭建设有自编码器隐藏层和Softmax分类层的栈式自编码器网络,采用无监督联合有监督的混合学习机制;基于有限元分析获取框架不同工况下的传递比函数值,构建训练集、验证集和测试集样本;通过预训练确定自编码器隐藏层的参数值如权重和偏置值,避免网络出现过拟合;采用微调方式进一步调整预训练后的网络参数值,再结合验证集实现对网络超参数的调整;将实测传递比数据输入网络,实现对框架节点损伤的评估。结果表明:所提方法能有效进行损伤特征的提取和分类,准确识别框架节点的单、双损伤工况,相较于传统浅层神经网络具有更高的识别准确度和更好的抗噪性。

结合深度信念记忆网络的结构损伤识别

从结构响应信号中挖掘敏感损伤特征是基于模式分类的损伤识别方法的关键。为此,将深度信念网络和长短期记忆网络进行混合组网,通过混合学习机制有机结合了两种网络在高阶抽象特征提取和考虑数据序列相关性上的优点。将响应信号传递比值输入深度信念网络,实现初步数据压缩和特征提取,以减少响应中的冗余信息;将特征序列依次输入长短期记忆网络,以考虑响应间的相关性并获取敏感损伤特征;利用Softmax分类层对长短期记忆网络输出的特征进行分类,实现对不同结构损伤模式的识别。三维试验钢框架的损伤识别结果表明:混合学习机制能更好地训练网络参数,整体微调后更有利于后续的损伤特征分类;混合组网方式在包含数值或实测噪声的情况下仍可以有效进行数据压缩、特征提取和分类,准确识别了试验框架的多种损伤工况。

功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展

钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合框架结构以其结合了混凝土优异的抗压性能及钢材优异的抗弯性能而受到广泛关注,而可恢复功能结构以其震后快速恢复使用功能的能力,也成为地震工程界研究的新热点。功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构可以在弯矩较大的梁端和柱脚部位设置可更换构件,实现结构的功能可恢复能力。文中简述了近年来功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展,重点关注各类型功能可恢复钢梁、功能可恢复摇摆柱脚的构造研究,介绍了功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构性能分析研究进展。最后,对功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构仍需深入研究的问题进行了展望。

AOS中基于最优帧长的链路自适应联合优化方法

针对AOS中数据传输误码率高的问题,导致系统吞吐量低的问题,提出基于最优帧长的链路自适应联合优化方法。该方法以系统吞吐量最大化为目标,联合可变帧长,自适应编码调制和混合自动重传请求技术进行优化,根据信道状态信息分配下一帧传输最佳的帧长和编码调制方式,并对出错数据进行纠错和重传,最终提升系统吞吐量。仿真验证表明,与AMC-HARQ和AMC-ARQ方法相比,该方法在保证系统误帧率的同时,提高了系统的吞吐量。

混合动力城市客车车架结构分析及轻量化设计

车架作为混合动力城市客车的主要承载结构,其强度和刚度会影响混合动力城市客车的稳定性、舒适性和续航性等。通过对混合动力城市客车的车架静强度进行分析,得出了混合动力城市客车车架在不同工况下的应力和应变情况,以混合动力城市客车车架轻量化为目标,对混合动力城市客车车架进行结构进行了优化和验证,既有效地减少了混合动力城市客车的排放,也改善了混合动力城市客车的综合性能。

RCS混合节点抗剪承载力计算方法对比研究

为研究适用性强的钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合节点抗剪承载力计算方法,对近年来的RCS节点剪切破坏试验数据进行了统计,将试验结果与中国规程方法、Nishiyama方法、Parra方法和ASCE指南方法计算结果进行了对比,并对各方法的参数适用性进行了讨论。对比结果表明:4种方法均具有工程实用价值,其中Parra方法结果离散性最小,中国规程方法计算最为简便。参数分析表明:4种方法对不同配箍率和不同位置节点均有较好适用性,但对小轴压比节点(轴压比0~0.2)与柱贯通节点预测均偏于保守;中国规程方法对于混凝土强度高于60 MPa的节点预测结果偏于危险,同时对有直交梁节点承载力预测偏于保守。建议在公式中引入混凝土强度系数和直交梁约束系数,用以考虑两者对承载力的影响。

面向高帧率CMOS图像传感器的12位列级全差分SAR/SS ADC设计

针对高帧率CMOS图像传感器的应用需求,提出一种结合逐次逼近型(Successive Approximation Register,SAR)和单斜坡(Single Slope,SS)结构的混合型模拟数字转换器(Analog to Digital Converter,ADC)。该ADC的分辨率为12位,其中SAR ADC实现高6位量化,SS ADC实现低6位量化。该ADC采用了全差分结构消除采样开关的固定失调并减少非线性误差,同时在SAR ADC中采用了异步逻辑电路进一步缩短转换周期。采用110 nm 1P4M CMOS工艺对该电路进行了设计和版图实现,后仿真结果表明,在20 MHz的时钟下,转换周期仅为3.3μs,无杂散动态范围为77.12 dB,信噪失真比为67.38 dB,有效位数为10.90位。

长周期地震动对SRC框架-RC核心筒混合结构协同工作的影响

长周期地震动因含有丰富的低频成分易使(超)高层建筑等长周期结构发生严重震害。SRC(steel reinforced concrete)框架-RC(reinforced concrete)核心筒混合结构作为广泛应用于高烈度区的双重抗侧力结构体系,确保其强震下的协同工作是实现多道抗震防线,形成合理破坏模式的关键。该文通过与普通地震动对比,阐明了远场长周期地震动对SRC框架-RC核心筒混合结构协同工作的影响规律,并基于谐振激励下的结构动力分析模型及经验模态分解初步揭示了其内在机理。算例分析结果表明:受低频特性影响,远场长周期地震动作用下结构框架剪力分担率与底层倾覆力矩占比明显大于普通地震动,最大框架剪力分担率所在楼层与普通地震动相比出现下移,且当峰值加速度增至400 gal时,SRC框架中下部楼层剪力分担率超过40%,底部倾覆力矩占比超过70%,按照现行规范设计的SRC框架将难以保证远场长周期地震动作用下结构的抗震安全;激励频率对于SRC框架-RC核心筒混合结构协同工作的影响与振型参与方式有关,低频激励(周期为0.5倍~2.0倍结构基本周期)下结构响应主要受低阶振型主导;远场长周期地震动的卓越分量是导致框架剪力分担率增大的原因。

多源异构数据同步接收与可靠存储系统设计

针对传统工业数据存储器存储数据单一,实时性低以及安全性不高的问题,提出了基于FPGA的多源异构数据的同步接收与可靠存储系统设计方案。以FPGA为控制核心,以RS422总线为控制和实时监测接口,采用2块16 GB NAND Flash作为存储介质,以多级缓存的混合编帧方法实现2路千兆以太网数据以及1路RS485数据的同步接收处理,通过双Flash多平面并行存储的流水线设计方法实现数据的实时存储,采用汉明码对数据存储中可能存在的误码现象进行纠错,以千兆以太网接口进行数据回读。经高低温循环试验测试表明:系统存储容量为32 GB,存储速率可达568 Mbit/s,回读速率为353 Mbit/s,丢包率和误码率为0,具有数据处理快、可靠性高、性能稳定的优点。

结构非线性阶段反弯点法抗震混合试验研究

针对抗震混合试验边界条件模拟问题,提出非线性条件下框架结构边界条件模拟方法。建立钢框架数值模型进行结构非线性动力时程分析,研究梁柱线刚度比、地震动放大系数、轴压比及长细比4种影响因素下对钢框架柱反弯点位置的影响,并依据数值模拟反弯点分布规律开展反弯点法抗震混合试验,将试验结果与非线性数值模拟结果对比。结果表明,梁柱线刚度比对框架柱反弯点分布规律和底层柱的剪力分配有较大影响,其他因素影响不显著。反弯点法抗震混合试验在结构弹性与弱非线性阶段表现良好,在结构进入较强非线性阶段的位移时程曲线与非线性数值模拟结果较为接近,但在耗能能力上存在差异。

基于多尺度特征混合注意力的连续帧深度估计

目的估计获取拍摄物体到相机之间距离的深度信息是单目视觉SLAM中获取深度信息的方法,针对无监督单目深度估计算法出现精度不足以及误差较大的问题,提出基于多尺度特征融合的混合注意力机制的连续帧深度估计网络。方法通过深度估计和位姿估计的两种编码器解码器结构分别得到深度信息和6自由度的位姿信息,深度信息和位姿信息进行图像重建与原图损失计算输出深度信息,深度估计解码器编码器结构构成U型网络,位姿估计网络和深度估计网络使用同一个编码器,通过位姿估计解码器输出位姿信息;在编码器中使用混合注意力机制CBAM网络结合ResNet网络提取四个不同尺度的特征图,为了提升估计的深度信息轮廓细节在提取的每个不同尺度的特征中再进行分配可学习权重系数提取局部和全局特征再和原始特征进行融合。结果在KITTI数据集上进行训练同时进行误差以及精度评估,最后还进行了测试,与经典的monodepth2单目方法相比误差评估指标相对误差、均方根误差和对数均方根误差分别降低0.034、0.129和0.002,自制测试图片证明了网络的泛化性。结论使用混合注意力机制结合的ResNet网络提取多尺度特征,同时在提取的特征上进行多尺度特征融合提升了深度估计效果,改善了轮廓细节。

安装钢支撑框架的RC框架连接性能试验研究

为了提高钢筋混凝土框架的平面内强度、刚度和延性,提出了一种在现有钢筋混凝土框架内安装钢支撑框架的新型混合连接方式。对3个一层一跨的钢筋混凝土框架进行改装,分别对试样发生的框架剪切破坏行为、整体弯曲破坏行为和剪切滑移破坏行为进行设计。将改装后的框架同时在水平循环荷载和垂直恒定荷载作用下进行试验。结果表明,所提出的混合连接结构可以有效地在钢支撑框架和钢筋混凝土框架之间传递剪力,并通过夹芯钢板和高强度螺栓提高了边界钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪强度。此外,还提出了估算混合连接方式直接抗剪承载力的计算方法。

铁路全钢结构框架墩设计与施工关键技术

针对传统钢横梁-混凝土立柱框架墩邻近营业线时,混凝土立柱施工周期长、钢横梁吊装难度大的问题,提出钢横梁-钢立柱全钢结构框架墩方案。以宣绩高铁跨越既有皖赣铁路工程为背景,对全钢结构框架墩进行设计及应用研究。全钢结构框架墩立柱与横梁均为钢结构,提升了结构整体性;采用轻量化设计降低吊装难度和工程投资;通过柱底混合连接构造连接框架墩钢立柱和混凝土基础,提高了安装精度和连接可靠性。对结构稳定、局部承压、疲劳强度、刚度变形等各项指标进行验算,结果表明均满足规范要求。全钢结构框架墩采用旁位拼装、整体吊装、柱底对位连接的施工方案,施工阶段采用吊装变形控制和对位引导等施工关键技术,有效提高了施工工效和安装精度。对比传统钢横梁混凝土立柱框架墩,全钢结构框架墩工程投资相当,但减小了对既有铁路运营的干扰,施工难度和施工风险均大幅降低。