Dynamic Interaction Analysis of Coupled Axial-Torsional-Lateral Mechanical Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Systems

Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.

Designing Proportional-Integral Consensus Protocols for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Using Delayed and Memorized State Information

This paper is concerned with consensus of a secondorder linear time-invariant multi-agent system in the situation that there exists a communication delay among the agents in the network.A proportional-integral consensus protocol is designed by using delayed and memorized state information.Under the proportional-integral consensus protocol,the consensus problem of the multi-agent system is transformed into the problem of asymptotic stability of the corresponding linear time-invariant time-delay system.Note that the location of the eigenvalues of the corresponding characteristic function of the linear time-invariant time-delay system not only determines the stability of the system,but also plays a critical role in the dynamic performance of the system.In this paper,based on recent results on the distribution of roots of quasi-polynomials,several necessary conditions for Hurwitz stability for a class of quasi-polynomials are first derived.Then allowable regions of consensus protocol parameters are estimated.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for determining effective protocol parameters are provided.The designed protocol can achieve consensus and improve the dynamic performance of the second-order multi-agent system.Moreover,the effects of delays on consensus of systems of harmonic oscillators/double integrators under proportional-integral consensus protocols are investigated.Furthermore,some results on proportional-integral consensus are derived for a class of high-order linear time-invariant multi-agent systems.

Preparation and Characterization of DLC Films by Twinned ECR Microwave Plasma Enhanced CVD for Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Applications

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have recently been pursued as the protection of MEMS against their friction and wear.Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique is very attractive to prepare DLC coating for MEMS.This paper describes the preparation of DLC films using twinned electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave PECVD process.Raman spectra confirmed the DLC characteristics of the films.Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR)characterization indicates the carbon is bonded in the form sp~3 and sp~2 with hydrogen participating in bonding.The surface roughness of the films is as low as approximately (0.093)nm measured with an atomic force microscope.A CERT microtribometer system is employed to obtain information about the scratch resistance,friction properties,and sliding wear resistance of the films.The results show the deposited DLC films have low friction and good scratch/wear resistance properties.

Integration of Multi-Constellation GNSS Precise Point Positioning and MEMS-Based Inertial Systems Using Tightly Coupled Mechanization

We develop a new integrated navigation system, which integrates multi-constellations GNSS precise point positioning (PPP), including GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, with low-cost micro-electro-mechanical sensor (MEMS) inertial system, for precise positioning applications. To integrate GNSS and the MEMS-based inertial system, the process and measurement models are developed. Tightly coupled mechanism is adopted, which is carried out in the GNSS raw measurements domain. Both un-differenced and between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combinations of pseudorange and carrier phase GNSS measurements are processed. Rigorous models are employed to correct GNSS errors and biases. The GNSS inter-system biases are considered as additional unknowns in the integrated error state vector. The developed stochastic model for inertial sensors errors and biases are defined based on first order Gaussian Markov process. Extended Kalman filter is developed to integrate GNSS and inertial measurements and estimate inertial measurements biases and errors. Two field experiments are executed, which represent different real-world scenarios in land-based navigation. The data are processed by using our developed Ryerson PPP GNSS/MEMS software. The results indicate that the proposed integrated system achieves decimeter to centimeter level positioning accuracy when the measurement updates from GNSS are available. During complete GNSS outages the developed integrated system continues to achieve decimeter level accuracy for up to 30 seconds while it achieves meter-level accuracy when a 60-second outage is introduced.

GNSS/MEMS IMU车载组合导航中IMU比例因子误差的影响分析

从系统状态模型出发,分析比例因子误差对组合导航精度和计算量的影响,同时基于车载运动的特点分析比例因子误差的观测性,提出一种仅保留航向陀螺仪和水平加速度计比例因子误差的降维状态模型。实验结果表明,当比例因子误差大于6×10^(-3)时,增广比例因子误差有助于提高导航精度,但计算量增加约170%;降维模型能够达到高维模型的导航精度,与不增广比例因子误差相比,计算量仅增加约70%。

基于MEMS陀螺的高温随钻定向测斜仪研究

针对油气井测量时所面临的小孔径、超深井、温度范围广、温度变化率高、工作时间长等挑战,研究了基于MEMS陀螺仪的定向测斜仪,设计了MEMS陀螺定向测斜仪软硬件系统.为确保该环境下的测量精度提出了一种动态温度补偿方案,并采用基于小波滤波多尺度分析的方法对动态温变环境下陀螺输出信号进行去噪滤波处理,以实现定向测斜仪系统的测量精度.论文给出了定向测斜仪硬件系统方案、定向测斜算法、小波多尺度滤波算法.测试结果表明:该系统在常温和动态温变环境下井斜方位角精度优于±2°,井斜角精度优于±0.1°,工作温度最高150℃,可适应我国深层油气井勘探开发的应用场景需求.

Numerical Simulation of Shock Resistant Microsystems (MEMS)

The mechanical response of shock-loaded microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is simulated to formulate guidelines for the design of dynamically reliable MEMS. MEMS are modeled as microstructures supported on elastic substrates, and the shock loads are represented as pulses of acceleration applied by the package on the substrate over a finite time duration. For typical MEMS and shock loads, the response of the substrate is closely approximated by rigid-body motion. Results indicate that modeling the shock force as a quasi-static force for MEMS with low-natural frequencies may lead to erroneous results. A criterion is obtained to distinguish between the dynamic and quasi-static responses of the MEMS.

基于MEMS技术的集成压力-湿度传感器

设计了一种高灵敏度的集成压力和湿度传感单元的芯片。压力传感单元基于SOI和蛇形电阻结构。室温下,传感器在载压范围为3~129 kPa内灵敏度为0.026 mV/kPa,与有限元仿真基本吻合。传感器在25~120℃范围内的热灵敏度漂移为0.004‰FS/℃,热零点漂移为0.25%FS/℃。湿度传感单元采用的叉指电极和电容式结构,引入含氟PI作湿度敏感膜。设计Mo电阻加热结构加快传感器降湿过程,缩短降湿时间近32%。在10%~90%RH的湿度范围,含氟PI湿度传感器的灵敏度为0.121 pF/%RH,略低于无氟PI器件。含氟基团的引入,使得传感器的湿滞较无氟PI降低16%。“电容-湿度”曲线呈指数分布,相关系数R^(2)=0.996。测试结果发现,湿度传感单元和压力传感单元拥有良好的独立工作性能。

基于改进自适应滤波的MEMS陀螺振动误差抑制研究

本文提出一种基于改进自适应滤波的MEMS陀螺随机振动误差的补偿算法。该算法采用简化Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法估计量测噪声,并通过协方差匹配技术引入收敛性判据抑制了滤波的发散,它提高了实时性且减少了计算量。实验结果表明:经过改进算法滤波后,MEMS陀螺随机振动误差的方差减少97.76%,与常规卡尔曼滤波相比,改进算法的方差减少了72.66%,验证了改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法可以有效地抑制MEMS陀螺因随机振动引起的输出误差。

基于POA-VMD-WT的MEMS去噪方法

针对MEMS传感器所测得的加速度和角速度输出信号噪声较大问题,提出一种基于鹈鹕优化算法(pelican optimization algorithm,POA)的变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)结合小波阈值(wavelet threshold,WT)的去噪方法。首先利用POA对VMD的参数组合进行优化选择,然后应用POA-VMD将含噪信号自适应、非递归地分解为一系列本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)。再通过计算每个IMF的余弦相似度对IMFs进行分类,根据计算结果将IMFs分为噪声主导分量与信号主导分量,对分类后的噪声主导分量进行改进小波阈值去噪处理,最后对处理后的噪声分量与信号主导分量进行重构,获得降噪后的MEMS传感器信号。静态和动态实验结果表明,该方法去噪处理后信号的信噪比分别提高12和10 dB,均方误差分别降低75.5%和46.6%,去噪效果显著,能够提高MEMS传感器的精度。

基于MEMS加速度计与磁力计的位移计设计

基坑水平位移监测是基坑安全的重要检测项目之一。针对现有的阵列式位移计在基坑水平位移监测中容易产生扭转误差的问题,设计了一种基于MEMS加速度计与磁力计的位移计,能够同时满足基坑水平位移与沉降位移监测的需求。介绍了位移计自动化实时监测系统组成。对位移计的结构以及监测节的硬件电路进行了设计,并制作完成了位移计样机。阐述了位移计通过对加速度计与磁力计的数据进行融合,计算位移坐标的测量原理和扭转误差校正的方法。最后通过模拟监测节间发生扭转时位移计水平位移监测的实验,以及位移计沉降位移监测试验。实验结果表明,该位移计能够精确测量水平与沉降位移,并能够有效校正位移计竖直安装时监测节扭转带来的扭转误差。

MEMS陀螺工作原理及其性能提升方法

MEMS陀螺是一种应用广泛的新型微惯性传感器,可实现高精度、小体积、抗干扰性强的角速度测量,被广泛应用于航空航天、平台钻井、自动驾驶、可穿戴设备以及手机中。近年来,随着对MEMS陀螺研究的不断深入,许多新型MEMS陀螺的工作原理被提出,由于测量原理的不同,其性能差异往往很大。本文旨在解决对MEMS陀螺的工作模式缺少系统性综述的问题,根据陀螺最终的读出技术,将MEMS陀螺的工作模式分为调幅、全角以及调频模式。在系统介绍其工作原理的基础上,详细讨论了各种工作模式下MEMS陀螺的性能提升方法。最后还介绍了各类MEMS陀螺的发展趋势,并结合各模式特性对MEMS陀螺的发展做出了展望。

Surface Technology Systems赢得超过两百万英镑的MEMS生产设备订单

英国韦尔斯新港（Newport）近日讯：将电浆制程科技运用在先进电子设备之制造和封装的巨擘Surface Technology Systemsplc（STS）（伦敦证交所代号：SRTS）公司，日前宣布已获得来自微机电系统（MEMS）生产设备制造业者价值超过两百万英镑的订单。

一种基于硅基MEMS三维异构集成技术的T/R组件

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维异构集成工艺,设计并制作了用于相控阵天线系统的三维堆叠式Ku波段双通道T/R组件。该组件由两层硅基结构通过球栅阵列(BGA)植球堆叠而成,上下两层硅基封装均采用5层硅片通过硅通孔(TSV)、晶圆级键合工艺实现。组件集成了六位数控移相、六位数控衰减、串转并、电源调制、逻辑控制等功能,最终组件尺寸仅为15 mm×8 mm×3.8 mm。测试结果表明,在Ku波段内,该组件发射通道饱和输出功率大于24 dBm,单通道发射增益大于20 dB,接收通道增益大于20 dB,噪声系数小于3.0 dB。该组件性能好,质量轻,体积小,加工精确度高,组装效率高。

基于双螺旋式加热器的柔性MEMS流量传感器

针对传统流量传感器的量程限制,提出了一种基于双螺旋结构加热器的柔性基底微机电系统(MEMS)热式流量传感器。在基底上打出均匀通孔阵列以降低热传导损耗,两对测温电阻对称分布在加热器两侧,以获得较宽量程,在微小流量与大流量下均表现出较高灵敏度。采用基于惠斯通电桥的检测电路实现输出电压的测量,同时保持加热器与环境温度恒定温差200 K,对电阻自热进行补偿。传感器工作温度-100~400℃,量程为0~60 m/s;低流速下灵敏度约为12.75 V/(m·s^(-1)),分辨率可达0.001 mm/s,高流速下灵敏度约为1.4 mV/(m·s^(-1)),功耗低至1.3 mW。

MEMS电容薄膜真空计微电容检测系统的设计

为了满足空间环境探测对真空测量仪器准确度高、体积小、质量轻、功耗低的应用需求,基于微机电系统(MEMS)的小型化电容薄膜真空计应运而生。针对MEMS电容薄膜真空计微小电容测量需求,设计了一种基于CDC电容数字转换器的微电容检测系统,获得了fF级微电容检测分辨率。采用温度漂移误差自校准技术,解决了测量压力受温度扰动影响的问题。地面样机测试与验证表明,该检测系统具有宽量程、高分辨率和低功耗检测的优点,为MEMS电容薄膜真空计实现空间应用奠定了技术基础。

MEMS器件可靠性评价标准分析及建议

本文研究了MEMS器件的失效模式和失效机理,进行了归纳总结;基于其模式和失效机理,分析了MEMS器件的可靠性试验项目和相关试验标准,总结了可靠性试验现状。最后,针对以上情况对MEMS器件可靠性试验的标准体系建设和完善提出了建议,进行了展望。

井中永置式套管外三分量光纤MEMS地震检波器研究

针对非常规油气井套管外永置式微振动监测,研制了一种基于光纤法布里帕罗(F-P)干涉原理和微机电(MEMS)技术的三分量光纤MEMS地震检波器,将微地震信号转化为F-P腔长的变化,通过超快光谱探测技术和动态白光干涉解调技术实现高速解调。设计并理论仿真了μm/g量级的高灵敏度MEMS加速度芯片,突破大深度双面套刻工艺完成芯片样品制造。采用高集成度小型化结构设计、无胶封装工艺设计和陶瓷微加工工艺实现25 mm微型外径,满足套管外永置式安装要求,提高了高温检测精度。在实验室完成了检波器与标准电学加速度计的性能对比测试,结果表明:检波器可耐受175 MPa高压和180℃高温,灵敏度分别为1.2382,1.2590,1.0862μm/g,工作频带为0~350 Hz,量程为±5 g,线性度误差<0.01%,抗横向串扰能力<5%。研制的检波器耐高温高压、尺寸小巧、灵敏度高、线性度良好,在非常规油气井储层压裂改造和采油气生产过程中,永置式套管外的三分量光纤MEMS地震检波器可以发挥重要的监测作用。

e络盟提供Tronics Microsystems高性能MEMS惯性传感器

e络盟宣布引入来自Tronics Microsystems(TDK公司旗下专注于生产标准惯性传感器和定制MEMS产品的部门)的全系列高性能MEMS陀螺仪,进一步扩大其惯性传感解决方案产品组合。这一举措让e络盟能够为那些寻求创新开发、先进技术和高性能解决方案的客户提供更强的支持服务。

中国资本收购世界第一纯MEMS代工厂SjIex Microsystems

香港投资控股公司（GAE）日前宣布取得全球最大的纯MEMS代T厂Silex Microsystems的98％股份。该交易已经于近日完成，双方并未透露具体交易金额。Silex Microsystems创始人兼CEO Edvard Kalvesten则仍然保留其2％股份，交易后Silex的组织架构和业务运营保持不变，原有管理团队仍按既有安排履行职责。