The Effect of Core Eccentricity on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Tall Buildings

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of core eccentricity on the structural behavior of concrete tall buildings.Concrete buildings of 55 floors with plan dimensions 48.0×48.0 m2 were investigated.Three cases of main core locations are studied:centric(A),eccentric by one sixth(B)and one third(C)of building width.The three-dimensional finite element method has been used in conducting structural analysis through ETABS software.Gravity and lateral(wind and seismic)loadings are applied to all building cases.It has been concluded that the core location is the prime parameter governing the structural behavior of tall buildings.Although the first two cases(A,B)have acceptable and similar structural behaviors conforming to code limits,in the third case(C),the building behavior came beyond code limits.The author introduced remedial action by adding two secondary cores in the opposite direction of the main core(C-R)to restore the building behavior to the code limits.The results of this action were satisfactory.

Effects of Drought Stress on Germination of Tall Fescue

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of drought stress on germination of tall fescue.[Method] Simulation drought experiment on 14 varieties of tall fescue seeds by PEG-6000 researched its germination effect under drought resistance.[Result] The relative germination rate of all tall fescue varieties declined with intensifying drought stress level with the water potential of-0.6 Mpa as the turning point;the relative germination rate of tall fescue existed linear relationship with drought stress：Y = 70.412X ＋ 103.11,r=0.988 8.The sensible water potential range was ≥-0.40 Mpa for tall fescue under drought stress.LC50 of water potential was-0.76 Mpa,the lethal water potential was-1.33 Mpa.Arid Ⅲ,Crossfire Ⅱ and Traple A had stronger drought resistant ability,but Pixie,Infero and Poppoint had weaker drought resistant ability.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for cultivated pasture and drought resistant breeding.

人TALL-1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达与鉴定

目的研究在毕赤酵母(Pichia Pastoris)系统中人TALL-1基因的分泌表达,获得具有生物活性的重组TALL-1。方法将人TALL-1基因插入含AOX1启动子和α分泌信号肽序列的酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,用SacⅠ将重组质粒线性化,电转化Pichia Pastoris GS115感受态细胞,筛选阳性整合子并进行甲醇诱导表达,采用MTT对表达产物进行初步的生物活性检测。结果经过诱导表达条件的优化,人TALL-1在酵母培养基BMMY中实现了分泌表达;免疫印迹和酶联免疫检测结果显示,重组产物可以结合其特异抗体;生物学活性检测证实其可抑制Hela细胞增殖。结论在毕赤酵母系统中实现了人TALL-1的分泌表达,具有生物学活性的重组TALL-1分子可以用于进一步的结构与功能研究。

人TALL-1基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的 克隆人TALL 1基因全长及其胞外区片段 ,构建人TALL 1及其胞外区蛋白毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体。方法 从人新鲜淋巴结组织中提取总RNA ,利用RT PCR技术扩增人TALL 1及其胞外区基因编码区序列 ,构建人TALL 1及其胞外区cDNA毕赤酵母表达载体 ,并进行序列测定。结果 克隆获得的 85 8bp和 4 5 9bp片段与文献报道的人TALL 1全长及其胞外区基因编码区cDNA序列一致 ,将目的基因插入酵母表达载体pPIC 9Kα因子分泌信号肽下游。结论 本实验为大量获得人TALL 1蛋白及其可溶性功能蛋白 。

Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的观察及护理

目的总结Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的发生情况及护理对策。方法对17例施行外科Ben-tall手术的患者资料进行回顾性分析,总结术后各种早期并发症的发生情况及相关护理对策。结果9例患者术后均出现不同程度的并发症,其中胸腔积液4例,心包填塞1例,脑部并发症2例,心律失常4例,低心排血量综合征1例。其中4例患者出现2项或2项以上并发症,经过精心治疗及护理,患者均痊愈出院。结论外科Ben-tall术后早期并发症严重,甚至危及生命,术后严密观察病情及护理是患者顺利康复的重要因素。

Effects of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residues and Leaching for Different Kinds of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizers in Tall-fescue Soil

ObjectiveThe aim was to explore the movement of nitrate nitrogen in tall-fescue soils by different kinds of slow release nitrogen fertilizers. MethodBased on infiltration-tanks and test plots, a new and environment friendly fertilizer was explored. ResultThe results show that compared with urea treatment, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments could reduce nitrate nitrogen content and leaching amount in soils. Compared with PCU30 and IU treatments, the PCU60 treatment became more efficient in reducing nitrate content and leaching amount in 0-90 cm soil layer. ConclusionIn summary, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which can reduce soil nitrate content and leaching losses, is a kind of novel fertilizer with high environmental benefit and promising application.

重组人TALL-1基因全长及其胞外区片段的克隆和表达

目的 获得人TALL 1基因全长及其胞外区片段 ,构建重组表达载体并对其诱导表达。方法 利用RT PCR技术从人外周血单个核细胞中扩增出TALL 1全长及其胞外区基因编码区序列 ,克隆于载体pGEX 4T 1中 ,测序证实序列正确后转化大肠杆菌BL2 1,以IPTG诱导表达 ,SDS PAGE和Westernblot分析表达产物。结果 ①从人外周血单个核细胞中扩增出编码TALL 1基因全长及其胞外区片段cDNA序列 ,序列测定证实与文献报道的序列一致 ;②成功构建了GST融合表达载体pGEX 4T 1 hTALL 1和pGEX 4T 1 sTALL 1;③表达了hTALL 1 GST和sTALL 1 GST融合蛋白。结论 人TALL 1基因全长及其胞外区片段的克隆成功及融合蛋白的表达 ,为进一步探索TALL 1抗原表位打下了基础。

人全长TALL-1在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 在克隆人TALL 1(TNF andapoptosisligand relatedleukocyteexpressedligand 1)全长cDNA的基础上 ,用大肠杆菌进行表达并鉴定其生物学活性。方法 采用RT PCR技术 ,从HL 60细胞中扩增编码人TALL 1的cDNA ,克隆于高效原核表达载体pQE 80L中 ,以IPTG诱导表达 ,Ni NTA层析纯化后 ,进行生物学活性检测。结果 RT PCR扩增得到了85 8bp的DNA片段 ,测序结果与GenBank中报道的编码TALL 1的cDNA序列一致 ,并在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达 ,活性检测发现它能抑制U93 7细胞的生长。结论 成功克隆了人TALL 1全长cDNA ,并获得了高效表达及纯化 ,纯化产物具有生物学活性 。

MULTIMODAL CONTROL OF SEISMIC RESPONSES OF TALL BUILDINGS

Multimodal control for seismic responses of tall buildings is performed by using MTMDs. Installation and main parameters of MTMDs are described, equations of motion of the coupled system of tall buildings and MTMDs are built under earthquake excitations, and parametrical optimization for multimodal control is carried out under excitations of harmonic ground motion. An 11 story frame building controlled by MTMDs is simulated under the excitation of El Centro earthquake (1940, NS), and its displacement response at the top floor in the case of multimodal control is reduced by 20% more than the case of single modal control. Some conclusions are given as the MTMDs is an effective, reliable and practical passive measurement for controlling seismic responses of tall buildings and the multimodal control has better adaptability and reliability by comparison with the single modal control.

Seismic response of tall building considering soil-pile-structure interaction

The seismic behavior of tall buildings can he greatly affected by non-linear soil-pile interaction during strong earthquakes.In this study a 20-storey building is examined as a typical structure supported on a pile foundation for different conditions:(1) rigid base,i.e.no deformation in the foundation:(2) linear soil-pile system;and (3) nonlinear soil-pile system. The effects of pile foundation displacements on the behavior of tall building are investigated,and compared with the behavior of buildings supported on shallow foundation.With a model of non-reflective boundary between the near field and far field, Novak's method of soil-pile interaction is improved.The computation method for vibration of pile foundations and DYNAN computer program are introduced comprehensively.A series of dynamic experiments have been done on full-scale piles, including single pile and group,linear vibration and nonlinear vibration,to verify the validity of boundary zone model.

Modified consecutive modal pushover procedure for seismic investigation of one-way asymmetric-plan tall buildings

The effects of higher modes and torsion have a significant impact on the seismic responses of asymmetric-plan tall buildings. A consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure is one of the pushover methods that have been developed to consider these effects. The aim of this paper is to modify the (CMP) analysis procedure to estimate the seismic demands of one-way asymmetric-plan tall buildings with dual systems. An analysis of 10-, 15- and 20-story asymmetric-plan buildings is carried out, and the results from the modified consecutive modal pushover (MCMP) procedure are compared with those obtained from the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure and the nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). The MCMP estimates of the seismic demands of one-way asymmetric-plan buildings demonstrate a reasonable accuracy, compared to the results obtained from the NLTHA. Furthermore, the accuracy of the MCMP procedure in the prediction of plastic hinge rotations is better than the MPA procedure. The new pushover procedure is also more accurate than the FEMA load distribution and the MPA procedure.

Recent progress of seismic research on tall buildings in China Mainland

As a result of rapid economic growth and urbanization in the past two decades,many tall buildings have been constructed in China Mainland,offering researchers and practitioners an excellent opportunity for research and practice in the field of structural engineering. This paper reviews progress by researchers throughout China Mainland on the seismic research of tall buildings,focusing on three major topics that impact the seismic performance of tall buildings. These are:(1) new types of steel-concrete composite structural members such as steel-concrete composite shear walls and columns,(2) earthquake resilient shear wall structures such as shear walls with replaceable structural components,self-centering shear walls and rocking walls,and(3) performance-based seismic design,including seismic performance index,performance level and design method. The paper concludes by presenting future research needs and directions in this field.

Production of Transgenic Tall Fescue Plants with Enhanced Stress Tolerances by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation

In order to improve stress tolerances of turf-type tall fescue （Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying plasmid pCMD containing stress tolerance-related CBF1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was used to transform mature seeds-derived embryogenic calli of four cultivars. A total of 112 transgenic plants were regenerated from 32 independent lines and verified by histochemical detection of GUS activity, PCR assay and Southern hybridization analysis. The transformation frequency ranged from 0.92 to 2.87% with apparent differences among the cultivars. Stress tolerances of transgenic plants were enhanced, which was shown by the facts that transgenic plants had distinct growth superiority and significantly higher survival rate than non-transformed ones under high salinity and high osmosis stresses, and that relative electronic conductivity of in vitro leaves treated with low and high temoeratures, dehvdration and high salinity stresses was 25-30% lower in transgenic plants than in control plants.In addition,it was observed that growth of transgenic plants was inhibited due to constitutive overexpression of CBF1 gene under normal environmental conditions.

Effects of Seed Maturity of Turf-Type Tall Fescue on the Seed Vigor and the Optimal Harvesting Time

By assay of accelerated aging germination, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, seedling weight, electric conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and acid phosphoesterase activity during seed development of turf-type tall fescue, the seed vigor of tall fescue were studied. Combining with seed moisture content and yield, the optimal harvesting time of tall fescue was determined. The results indicated that the seed vigor increased continuously along with seed maturity, and the higher seed vigor was achieved at 19th day after perk anthesis and maintained continuously until 31st day after peak anthesis. At 25th day after peak anthesis, the highest yield of 3 533 kg ha-1 and the good quality of seeds of tall fescue were harvested with 32.19% moisture content. From 22nd to 31st day after peak anthesis, the seed yield of 3 300 kg ha-1 and the good quality seeds of tall fescue were harvested with 40 - 12. 43% moisture content, and the span was the optimal harvesting time.

Push-Over Analysis for Concrete Structures of Tall Building

In this paper, push-over analysis for tall concrete structures was made and a corresponding computer program was given. Several kinds of elements in the program were considered to meet the demand of tall buildings with complex structural type. These elements included beam-column element for beams and columns, single slice wall element and three vertical line element for walls, and tube-wall element for tubes. Computational example for verifying the models indicates that the result obtained by this method is identical with a well-known test result and the program can be used to search for the full process of structural reaction, even the softening stage of the structure. With this push-over analysis method, an actual tall building with complex structural type was analyzed, and the result has been put into practice of the structural design of the building. Key words push-over analysis - tall structure - complex type - nonlinearity - earthquake level - weak storey MSC2000 74S05 - 74L99 Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)

Tall Buildings with Dynamic Facade Under Winds

Burgeoning growth of tall buildings in urban areas around the world is placing new demands on their performance under winds.This involves selection of the building form that minimizes wind loads and structural topologies that efficiently transfer loads.Current practice is to search for optimal shapes,but this limits buildings with static or fixed form.Aerodynamic shape tailoring that consists of modifying the external form of the building has shown great promise in reducing wind loads and associated structural motions as reflected in the design of Taipei 101 and Burj Khalifa.In these buildings,corner modifications of the cross-section and tapering along the height are introduced.An appealing alternative is to design a building that can adapt its form to the changing complex wind environment in urban areas with clusters of tall buildings,i.e.,by implementing a dynamic facade.To leap beyond the static shape optimization,autonomous dynamic morphing of the building shape is advanced in this study,which is implemented through a cyber–physical system that fuses together sensing,computing,actuating,and engineering informatics.This approach will permit a building to intelligently morph its profile to minimize the source of dynamic wind load excitation,and holds the promise of revolutionizing tall buildings from conventional static to dynamic facades by taking advantage of the burgeoning advances in computational design.

TAll钛合金棒材特性对比研究

对两批TAll钛合金棒材超声检测特性、疲劳性能和金相组织等进行了对比研究.研究结果表明,钛合金的组织不均匀对其无损检测特性和疲劳行为有明显的影响.钛合金的组织不均匀导致了无损检测时杂波水平的升高,并使其疲劳性能下降.

Tall gastrodis tuber combined with antiepileptic drugs repairs abnormal perfusion foci in focal epilepsy

One hundred patients with focal epilepsy were recruited for the present study and their seizures controlled with antiepileptic drugs. The patients then orally received a capsule of tall gastrodis tuber powder, a traditional Chinese drug, and underwent single photon emission computed tomography, long-term electroencephalogram, and CT/MRI. Blood drug levels were monitored throughout the study. Before treatment with tall gastrodis tuber, 35 of the 100 cases had abnormal CT/MRI scans; 79 cases had abnormal single photon emission computed tomography images; 86 cases had abnormal electroencephalogram; and a total of 146 abnormal perfusion foci were observed across the 100 subjects. After treatment, the number of patients with normal single photon emission computed tomography images increased by 12; normal electroencephalogram was observed in an additional 27 cases and the number of patients with epileptiform discharge decreased by 29 （34% of 86）; the total number of abnormal perfusion foci decreased by 52 （36%） and changes in abnormal loci were visible in 65 patients. These changes indicate that the administration of tall gastrodis tuber in combination with antiepileptic drugs repairs abnormal perfusion foci in patients with focal epilepsy Our results demonstrate that traditional Chinese drugs can repair abnormal perfusion foci and, as such, are a promising new pathway in the treatment of focal epilepsy.

Influence of seismic wave type and incident direction on the dynamic response of tall concrete-faced rockfill dams

Owing to the stochastic behavior of earthquakes and complex crustal structure,wave type and incident direction are uncertain when seismic waves arrive at a structure.In addition,because of the different types of the structures and terrains,the traveling wave effects have different influences on the dynamic response of the structures.For the tall concrete-faced rockfill dam(CFRD),it is not only built in the complex terrain such as river valley,but also its height has reached 300 m level,which puts forward higher requirements for the seismic safety of the anti-seepage system mainly comprising concrete face slabs,especially the accurate location of the weak area in seism.Considering the limitations of the traditional uniform vibration analysis method,we implemented an efficient dynamic interaction analysis between a tall CFRD and its foundation using a non-uniform wave input method with a viscous-spring artificial boundary and equivalent nodal loads.This method was then applied to investigate the dynamic stress distribution on the concrete face slabs for different seismic wave types and incident directions.The results indicate that dam-foundation interactions behave differently at different wave incident angles,and that the traveling wave effect becomes more evident in valley topography.Seismic wave type and incident direction dramatically influenced stress in the face slab,and the extreme stress values and distribution law will vary under oblique wave incidence.The influence of the incident direction on slab stress was particularly apparent when SH-waves arrived from the left bank.Specifically,the extreme stress values in the face slab increased with an increasing incident angle.Interestingly,the locations of the extreme stress values changed mainly along the axis of the dam,and did not exhibit large changes in height.The seismic safety of CFRDs is therefore lower at higher incident angles from an anti-seepage perspective.Therefore,it is necessary to consider both the seismic wave type and incident direction during seismic capacity evaluations of tall CFRDs.