Cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P on tension wood formation and gravitropism in Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings

The cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P were studied on the gravitropism and wood formation in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var.japonica Maxim. Seedlings using traditional paraffin section technology. Our results are： （1） Gravitropism of stems was strongly inhibited only in B, whereas promoted significantly in D, E, F, H and I treatments; （2） Xylem formation was increased on both sides in H, I and J treatments and on the lower side in E and F which also show the synergistic effect; （3） On the radial direction, cell wall thickness was enhanced on the upper side, whereas decreased on the lower side in C, and was also significantly promoted on the upper in E, G, H, I and J treatments. On the tangential direction, cell wall thickness was increased on the lower side in E, H, I and J treatments respectively; （4） Gelatinous layer of wood fibers was observed on the upper side in all treatments. These results suggest that both GA3 and IAA affected negative gravitropism and wood formation significantly. However, appliedor unapplited-uniconazole-P does not affect G-layer formation, indicating GA does not play the key role on G-layer formation, and ratio of GA3/IAA or IAA may be more important in regulating G-layer formation.

Regulation of applied-hormones on tension wood formation in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var.japonica Maxim. seedlings gravitational response

We investigated the role of GA3, uniconazole-P and IAA on tension wood formation, in particular the vessel features, in Fraxinu smandshurica seedlings. Ninety seedlings were used and treated with applications of GA3 and/or IAA to the apical bud of the stem using a micropipette. Applications of GA3 or GA3 plus IAA with uniconazole-P strongly increased cell number of tension wood in comparison to that of no-uniconazole-P-applied, indicated that GA3 is more efficient than IAA on xylem cell production. Wood quality was also regulated by relative concentration ratio of GA3 to lAA, because of the vessel elements differentiation, density and size were controlled by GA3 and/or IAA on the different levels. These results suggested that the relative concentration ratio of GA3 to IAA and interactions of them are essential in regulating both wood quality and wood quantity, and tension wood formation in this species.

Role of gelatinous layer in growth stress generation in tension wood

To elucidate what controls the magnitude of longitudinal growth stress in tension wood, anatomical measurements of gelatinous fibres were carried out on poplar tension wood (Populus I4551). Sections were cut from embedded blocks to avoid a border artefact described earlier. Results showed that: 1) no gelatinous fibres were observed under a growth strain level from 0.06% to 0.08%; 2) almost all of the non-conductive tissues contained gelatinous fibres above a growth strain level from 0.15% to 0.19%; 3) the amount of fibres, the amount of fibres with gelatinous layer, per unit of tissue area, and the thickness of the gelatinous layers controlled most of the magnitude of growth stress; 4) the contribution of the S2 layer in both fibre types could also play a role in the growth stress generation.

Analysis of genes related to xylem cell wall development based on transcriptomics in Populus alba ‘Berolinensis’ tension wood

Populus alba‘Berolinensis’is a fast-growing,high-yielding species with strong biotic and abiotic stress resistance,and widely planted for timber,shelter belts and aesthetic purposes.In this study,molecular development is explored and the important genes regulating xylem forma-tion in P.alba‘Berolinensis’under artificial bending treat-ments was identified.Anatomical investigation indicated that tension wood(TW)was characterized by eccentric growth of xylem and was enriched in cellulose;the degree of ligni-fication was lower than for normal wood(NW)and oppo-site wood(OW).RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was performed using developing xylem from three wood types(TW,OW and NW).A large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened and 4889 counted.In GO and KEGG enrichment results,genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and cell wall and secondary cell wall biogenesis play major roles in xylem development under artificial bending.Eight expansin(PalEXP)genes were identified from the RNA-seq data;four were differentially expressed during tension wood formation.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PalEXLB1 belongs to the EXPB subfamily and that the other PalEXPs are members of the EXPA subfamily.A transcriptional regulatory network construction showed 10 transcription factors located in the first and second layers upstream of EXP,including WRKY,ERF and bHLH.RT‒qPCR analy-sis in leaves,stems and roots combined with transcriptome analysis suggests that PalEXPA2,PalEXPA4 and PalEXPA15 play significant regulatory roles in cell wall formation during tension wood development.The candidate genes involved in xylem cell wall development during tension wood formation marks an important step toward identifying the molecular regulatory mechanism of xylem development and wood property improvement in P.alba‘Berolinensis’.

Control of Negative Gravitropism and Tension Wood Formation by Gibberellic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim Seedlings

In the present study, we Investigated the role of glbberelllc acid （GA3） and Indole acetic acid （IAA） In the gravity response of stems and tension wood formation using two-year-old stems of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. Japonica Maxim seedlings. Forty-five seedlings were used and divided Into nine groups that Included five seedlings In each group. Seedlings were treated with applications of GA3 alone at concentrations of 2.89×10^-8 and 2.89×10^-7 μmol/L, IAA alone at concentrations of 5.71×10^-8 and 5.71×10^-7 μmol/L, or their combination to the apical bud of the stem using a mlcroplpette. Seedlings were positioned horizontally after the first treatment. The same treatments were repeated six times per week. At the end of the experiment, all seedlings were harvested. Then, stem segments were cut under a light microscope. Application of exogenous GA3 at the higher concentration stimulated the upward bending of stems, whereas exogenous IAA had no effect. A synergistic effect of GA3 and IAA on upward stem bending was observed following application of the two combinations of GA3 and IAA. Moreover, application of exogenous GA3 at the higher dose stimulated wood formation on both the upper and lower sides of the stems, whereas the mixture of GA3 and IAA had a synerglstic effect on wood formation In horizontal stems. Application of exogenous IAA alone at the lower concentration （5.71×10^-8 μmol/L） or application of a mixture of the higher concentrations of GA3 （2.89×10^-7 μmol/L） and IAA （5.71×10^-7 μmol/L） Inhibited the development of gelatinous fibers （the G-layer） of tension wood on the upper side of the horizontal stems. The differentiation of gelatinous fibers of tension wood was not Inhibited by GA3 when It was applied alone, whereas the development of the gelatinous fibers of tension wood was strongly affected by the application of IAA. The findings of the present study suggest that the development of the G-layer Is not related to the dose of GA3, but needs a relatively lower concentration of IAA.

Role of GA_3,GA_4 and Uniconazole-P in Controlling Gravitropism and Tension Wood Formation in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. Seedlings

GA3 and GA4 （gibberellins） play an important role in controlling gravitropism and tension wood formation in woody angiosperms. In order to improve our understanding of the role of GA3 and GA4 on xylem cell formation and the G-layer, we studied the effect of GA3 and GA4 and uniconazole-P, which is an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, on tension wood formation by gravity in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. seedlings. Forty seedlings were divided into two groups; one group was placed upright and the other tilted. Each group was further divided into four sub-groups subjected to the following treatments： 3.43 x 10-9 lunol acetone as control, 5.78 x 10-8 lunol gibberellic acid （GA3）, 6.21 x 10-8 lunol GA4, and 6.86 x 10-8 lunol uniconazole-P. During the experimental period, GAs-treated seedlings exhibited negative gravitropism, whereas application of uniconazole-P inhibited negative gravitropic stem bending. GA3 and GA4 promoted wood fibers that possessed a gelatinous layer on the upper side, whereas uniconazole-P inhibited wood formation but did not inhibit the differentiation of the gelatinous layer in wood fibers on the upper side. These results suggest that： （i） both the formation of gelatinous fibers and the quantity of xylem production are important for the negative gravitropism in horizontally-positioned seedlings; （ii） GA3 and GA4 affect wood production more than differentiation of the gelatinous layer in wood fibers; G-layer development may be regulated by other hormones via the indirect-role of GA3 and GA4 in horizontally-positioned F. mandshurica seedlings rather than the direct effect of GAs; and （iii） the mechanism for upward wood stem bending is different to the newly developed shoot bending in reaction to gravity in this species.

A PtrLBD39-mediated transcriptional network regulates tension wood formation in Populus trichocarpa

Tension wood(TW)is a specialized xylem tissue formed in angiosperm trees under gravitational stimulus or mechanical stresses(e.g.,bending).The genetic regulation that underlies this important mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we used laser capture microdissection of stem xylem cells coupled with full transcriptome RNA-sequencing to analyze TW formation in Populus trichocarpa.After tree bending,PtrLBD39 was the most significantly induced transcription factor gene;it has a phylogenetically paired homolog,PtrLBD22.CRISPR-based knockout of PtrLBD39/22 severely inhibited TW formation,reducing cellulose and increasing lignin content.Transcriptomic analyses of CRISPR-based PtrLBD39/22 double mutants showed that these two genes regulate a set of TW-related genes.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used to identify direct targets of PtrLBD39.We integrated transcriptomic analyses and ChIP-seq assays to construct a transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)mediated by PtrLBD39.In this TRN,PtrLBD39 directly regulates 26 novel TW-responsive transcription factor genes.Our work suggests that PtrLBD39 and PtrLBD22 specifically control TW formation by mediating a TW-specific TRN in Populus.

Ethylene Evolution Changes in Tilted Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim.Seedlings in Relation to Tension Wood Formation

The effects of ethylene on tension wood formation were studied in 3-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. seedlings in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, ethylene evolution of buds and stems was measured using gas chromatography after 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 d of treatment; in experiment 2, both aminoethoxyvinylglycine （AVG） and AgNO3 were applied to the horizontally-placed stems, and the cell numbers on sites of applications were measured after 40 d. Ethylene evolution from buds was found to be much greater in tilted seedlings than in upright ones. The cell numbers of wood fibers in shoots and 1-year-old stems were reduced in treatments with 12.5×10^-7μmol/L AVG, 12.5×10^-8μmol/L AVG, and 11.8×10^-8μmol/Lmol/L AgNO3; whereas the horizontal and vertical diameters were reduced by treatment of 12.5×10^-7μmol/L AVG. Ethylene evolutions of shoots and 1-year-old stems were inhibited greatly in comparison with the control by applying 12.5×10^-7μmol/L AVG. The formation of a gelatinous layer of wood fibers was affected by neither AVG nor AgNO3 application. These results suggest that ethylene regulates the quantity of wood production, but does not affect G-layer formation in F. mandshurica Rupr. var.japonica Maxim. seedlings.

Comparison of Quality of Pulping and Paper-Making between Normal Wood and Tension Wood of Poplar Clone 107(Populus×euramericana‘Neva’) Tree

Both of straight and inclining poplar clone 107 tree were selected for studying materials in this paper.The optimal pulping conditions was established by orthogonal experimental design both for normal wood and tension wood,and the quality of pulping and paper-making between normal wood and tension wood was compared with each other. Finally,potential application for improving paper quality of tension wood through increasing beating revolutions was discussed.The result showed that the optimal cooking condition for normal wood was alkali concentration 15%,the highest temperature 164℃,time at highest temperature 75 min,and for tension wood it was alkali concentration 13%,the highest temperature 160℃,time at highest temperature 40 min.Path coefficient of effect of alkali concentration both on pulp yield and kappa value was significant at different levels.By comparison between average result of normal wood and tension wood in quality of pulping and paper-making,it was found that tension wood had higher pulping yield and lower kappa value than normal wood. Furthermore,for all mechanical properties of paper, normal wood hold higher value than tension wood, and even near two times than tension wood,such as burst index and tensile index.However,difference of tear index was quite narrow.Result of one way ANOVA showed that difference of burst index and tear index between normal wood and tension wood was significant at the 0.001 level,of tear index was significant at the 0.05 level.Based on observation of cross surface of paper,it was assumed that contribution of gelatinous layer to rigidity of single fiber had hampered collapse and compression of fiber during paper formation,which is essential for exerting combination between fibers in paper.So, mechanical properties of tension wood paper were decreased accordingly.However,owing to high cellulose content of gelatinous layer,tension wood was easier to pulping than normal wood.Mechanical properties of tension wood paper could be improved by increasing beating revolutions,the final value even close to normal wood paper.But,the increasing effect had a limit.

树木生长应力形成机理

作为一种自然资源,树木具有重要的环境、社会和经济价值。树木生长成熟过程中,细胞间及细胞壁各层相互作用会产生生长应力,生长应力是木材组织正常发育的结果,是树干和树枝维持其垂直生长或特定角度生长的重要动力。此外,树木在抵御自身重力或光照、风雪、地势等环境刺激时,会形成具有更高水平生长应力的应力组织——应力木,从而达到调整或维持生长形态的目的。树木中的生长应力是影响木材成材和加工质量的重要力学问题,且生长应力水平与细胞结构、化学组分密切相关,开展树木生长应力研究、厘清树木生长应力分布和形成机理,对树木的定向培育、生物学结构与功能研究、木材加工与利用以及仿生新材料的开发具有重要意义。已有研究通过树木生长应力水平测试,结合其解剖结构、基因、化学组分、激素分布、力学材性等方面特征,对树木生长应力形成机理进行了深入分析,探索生长应力的产生来源;但由于生物材料结构复杂、变异性大,且研究者对生长应力形成机理的认识也在不断更新,树木生长应力形成机理尚未达成共识。本研究简述树木生长应力的生物力学作用及常用表征方法,综述主流的树木生长应力形成理论,对生长应力形成机理的一般性假说和特殊应力组织(应拉木和应压木)的生长应力形成假说进行重点分类阐述,并对各假说存在的争议性问题进行分析,以期全面认识树木生长应力,并为推动其进一步研究、为树木细胞结构和性质变异研究以及木材精细化利用提供参考,为探寻有效的降低树木生长应力的措施提供基础,为人工林的生物改良和栽培提供理论和实践支持。

环氧大豆油改性水性聚氨酯的合成与应用

以环氧大豆油多元醇合成改性水性聚氨酯(PUD),并将合成的PUD应用于木器涂料。研究结果表明,提高环氧大豆油多元醇添加比例,PUD亲水性更强,可以获得更小的粒径及更窄的粒径分布,同时表面张力更低,制备的漆膜具有更高的硬度和更优的耐化学性能。将改性PUD应用于木器涂料领域,研究发现由于较低的表面张力且不会稳泡而获得优异的润湿入孔性;相比于市场上通用型PUD和自消光PUD,环氧大豆油改性的PUD具有极高的消光效率和优异的耐水性能,可用于高档木器涂料领域。

长江滩地立木腐朽杨树与正常杨树生长与材性的比较研究

本文对长江滩地意杨的生长和木材材性进行了初步研究 ,着重讨论长江滩地立木腐朽杨树与正常杨树在树高、胸径生长的差异 ,通过回归分析 ,给出了杨树胸径生长与年龄的回归方程。分析研究腐朽木和正常木在年轮宽度、含水率、木材密度、干缩率等方面的差异。通过扫描电镜观测腐朽木和正常木细胞壁层的差异和菌丝在木材细胞的分布状况。研究结果表明 :地势低是导致杨树立木腐朽的直接原因 ;腐朽对杨树的胸径生长和高生长及木材材性有显著影响 ;腐朽材内部生材含水率远低于正常材内部生材含水率 ,这是由于腐朽杨树内部导管比量明显比正常材低导致其输导水分功能减弱所致 ;而腐朽材的密度和干缩率均高于正常材 ;腐朽木中出现了具有应拉木特征的区域 ,菌丝入侵立木杨树主要通过夹皮裂隙 。

欧美杨107应拉木的纤维形态与化学组成

为了解欧美杨107应拉木纤维形态与化学成分构成,并以此分析欧美杨107应拉木作为制浆材的可行性,用切片法测定了应拉木和对应木的纤维形态,并按照GB/T2677(2-10)—1993分析其化学成分构成。结果表明:1)应拉木和对应木纤维的平均长度分别为1321和1227μm,长宽比分别为59.48和44.94,壁腔比分别为0.86和0.39。2)应拉木和对应木的Klason木素含量分别为17.20%和24.04%,硝酸乙醇纤维素含量分别为59.14%和45.52%,综纤维素含量分别为86.59%和78.41%,苯醇抽出物含量分别为1.32%和1.87%,1%NaOH抽出物含量分别为13.95%和21.58%,灰分含量都低于1%。根据对纤维形态和化学成分的测定结果判断:欧美杨107木材的应拉木和对应木都能满足制浆性能的要求,在实际生产中都可被用作制浆材,且应拉木制浆性能比对应木好。

欧美杨107正常木与应拉木纤维形态和化学组成比较

【目的】对欧美杨107(以下简称107杨)应拉木与正常木的纤维形态及化学组成进行全面比较和分析,为杨树应拉木的合理高效利用提供依据。【方法】以直立生长和倾斜生长的107杨为研究材料,通过合理方法区分正常木和应拉木,再对应拉木的解剖构造进行电镜观察,着重比较了107杨正常木和应拉木在纤维形态及化学组成的差异。【结果】107杨应拉木具有典型的应拉木解剖构造,即细胞壁中存在明显的胶质层。正常木与应拉木纤维形态比较结果表明,应拉木的双壁厚、壁腔比、木射线比量和纤维比量均高于正常木,而正常木的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比、胞腔径、微纤丝角、导管比量均大于应拉木。引用单因素方差分析比较正常木与应拉木之间纤维形态的差异,结果表明,正常木与应拉木纤维宽度、胞腔径、双壁厚、壁腔比在P=0.001水平上差异显著,纤维长度和微纤丝角在P=0.01水平上差异显著,其余形态指标差异均不显著。正常木与应拉木化学组成比较结果表明,应拉木的综纤维素、纤维素、α-纤维素含量均高于正常木,而正常木的半纤维素、木质素、苯醇抽提物含量、10g/L氢氧化钠抽提物含量均高于应拉木;单因素方差分析表明,正常木与应拉木纤维素、α-纤维素、半纤维素、木素、10g/L氢氧化钠抽提物含量的差异在P=0.001水上显著,其余指标差异均不显著。【结论】107杨正常木与应拉木的主要纤维形态指标和化学组成存在明显差异,在木材加工利用时需要区别对待。

不同干燥预处理对杨木应拉木孔隙结构的影响

采用CO2超临界干燥、冷冻干燥和常规干燥对杨木应拉木和对应木进行干燥预处理,通过干燥前后试样的形变和吸附等温线,比较不同干燥预处理对杨木应拉木孔隙结构的影响,为定量表征应拉木的微观孔隙结构提供理论依据。结果表明:经CO2超临界干燥的杨木应拉木具有完好的介孔特征(孔径在2～50nm),BET比表面积和中孔体积显著高于冷冻和常规干燥预处理的试样;冷冻和常规干燥预处理均引起试样在纵向和弦向上产生较大的收缩形变,而CO2超临界干燥能有效克服因界面张力造成的试样内部骨架结构塌缩等缺陷,在干燥过程中能较好地复制试样的孔隙结构,是表征应拉木孔隙结构的一种有效干燥预处理方法。

欧美杨107杨正常木与应拉木木素结构的比较研究

采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、凝胶渗透色谱和有机元素分析对从欧美杨107杨正常木与应拉木中提取的纤维素酶解木素的结构进行比较研究。结果表明:欧美杨107杨正常木与应拉木木素的芳香环结构都是紫丁香基含量最高,愈创木基次之,对羟基苯基较少;与正常木木素相比,应拉木木素中紫丁香基、脂肪族羟基、甲氧基含量较多,而愈创木基、对羟基苯基、酚羟基、β-5键含量较少;β-O-4醚键、β-β键和β-1键含量相近;含有一定量的缩合酚羟基和羧基。正常木与应拉木木素的经验式分别为C9H7.21O1.79(OH)0P.h21(OH)1A.l17(OCH3)1.55和C9H7.23O1.76(OH)P0.h18(OH)1A.l25(OCH3)1.62。正常木与应拉木木素的质均相对分子质量分别为8622和8801。

氮气吸附法表征杨木应拉木的孔隙结构

在常规解剖特征分析的基础上,采用氮气吸附法对杨木应拉木的比表面积及孔径分布等孔结构参数进行研究,并通过解析氮气吸附等温线判断孔隙的形状。结果表明:杨木应拉木BET比表面积为21.9m2.g-1,是对应木的13倍;杨木应拉木试样具有完好的介孔特征(孔径2～50nm),并具有一定量的微孔和大孔;内部存在"墨水瓶"状和狭缝状孔隙,孔径为5nm的孔体积分布密度最大,孔径在4～7nm的孔体积占总孔体积的74.4%,孔径超过15nm的孔体积占总体积的10.8%。杨木应拉木中大量存在的中孔孔隙可归因于应拉木木纤维中的厚壁胶质层。

应拉木胶质层解剖结构及化学主成分结构特征

树木为了保持树干笔直或使树枝恢复到正常位置而产生生长应力,树木中具有这种应力的部位被称之为应力木。在天然阔叶林中,树木发生倾斜、弯曲和偏冠时,树干和枝条的上方受拉伸应力,受拉部位的木质部即为应拉木。然而在人工林速生树种的垂直树干中,也大量存在应拉木,但其结构、性质与正常材差异很大,给木材加工利用带来了一系列问题。与正常木相比,应拉木纤维细胞壁结构差异很大,特别是其纤维腔壁内表面常具有特殊形态和化学组成的壁层——胶质层,该壁层具有纤维素含量高、结晶度大、木质素含量低、微纤丝角小和纳米孔隙丰富等特征。因胶质层出现与应拉木中高拉伸应力的产生直接相关,当胶质纤维集中时,木材在干燥和加工利用过程中易产生扭曲、开裂、夹锯和板面起毛等一系列问题,严重制约优质人工林的培育和木材的合理加工利用,造成了大量经济损失。因此,深入了解应拉木与正常木在结构和功能上的差异,特别是应拉木胶质层的特殊结构、化学成分与其生物学功能间的内在联系是深入探究应拉木高拉伸应力产生机制的关键所在,同时也是木材学、植物学、树木生理学和材料学等学科领域研究的交叉前沿问题,对于减少因应拉木缺陷造成的损失、提高木材品质和利用率具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。本文对应拉木胶质层解剖结构及化学主成分结构领域的主要研究现状进行归纳,尤其对胶质纤维在应拉木中的分布特征、胶质层的解剖结构、孔隙结构和化学主成分等方面的最新研究做了详细介绍,旨在剖析应拉木胶质层的结构和特性及其在应拉木形成过程中的作用,为探究应拉木高拉伸应力形成机制提供基础数据。针对我国人工林普遍存在的应力木比例高、材质不均匀等特点,当前学术界和工业界亟需解决的是主要人工林树种中易形成应拉木的树种比率、应拉木中具有胶质纤维的树种比率及应拉木的形成原因等科学问题,今后可从应拉木形成和发育的调控机制、胶质层结构和性质的动态变化、胶质层的多尺度结构表征及对缺失胶质层应拉木的分析等方面开展进一步研究,最终为高效高值利用我国现有人工林资源提供理论依据。

赤霉素对水平放置水曲柳幼苗的负向重性和木材形成的影响

对水平放置 2年生水曲柳 (Franxinusmandshurica)幼苗应用赤霉素 (GAs)及其合成抑制剂烯唑 (Uni . P)对幼苗的负向重性及木材形成中的生理作用进行了探讨。每种生长调节物质 10 0 μg溶于 5 0 %的丙酮中 ,每周 1次处理于幼苗顶端 ,连续处理 5周 ,并在第 1次处理后 2 4h ,将幼苗水平放置。在实验期间 ,对照及GAs处理幼苗茎负向重性受到了促进 ,而Uni . P处理则受到了抑制。GAs增加了茎上侧具有增厚细胞壁的胶质纤维细胞的数量。Uni . P抑制了茎上侧的木材形成 ,但没有影响胶质纤维的分化。对照区木质部中纤维素与木质素的比值上侧大于下侧。该比值在上侧GA4处理区大于GA3 处理区及对照区。该结果说明 ,胶质纤维的分化和木质部的增加对负向重性都是重要的 ;在该种中 ,赤霉素对于木质部细胞形成可能比对胶质纤维分化的影响更大。

I-69杨应拉木生长应力及纤维形态特征的研究

以生长在安庆洲滩的具有不同倾斜角度的6棵I-69杨为研究对象,对应拉木生长应力和纤维形态进行了研究。结果表明:6株倾斜树干的I-69杨应拉木区生长应力指示值(growth stress indicator,GSI)均值为280×10-3μm,对应木区的GSI均值为30×10-3μm,两侧木区的GSI均值为100×10-3μm;应拉木比非应拉木的纤维长度长,长宽比大,但纤维宽度、腔径、双壁厚、壁腔比的值应拉木均比非应拉木的小,单因素方差分析结果表明,不同单株、不同方向(应拉木区、对应木区和两侧木区)对纤维形态特征值均有显著性的影响;纤维形态特征的径向变异规律总体上是由髓心向外增大,并在达到一定的年龄后保持稳定波动或略有增大;树干最外围纤维长度与GSI值径向变化趋势一致且相关性显著,纤维长度与GSI值得到多项式方程为y=0.0023x2-0.0309x+1 315.9(R2=0.9843)。