Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental factors.Apart from the negative consequences,it can also cause positive changes,such as acclimatization of plants to stress co...Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental factors.Apart from the negative consequences,it can also cause positive changes,such as acclimatization of plants to stress conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of plants to mechanical stimulation.Our aim was to evaluate the response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to a moderate force of 5 N(newton)for 20 s,which could be compared with the pressure caused by animal movement and weather conditions such as heavy rain.Mechanically stimulated leaves were sampled 1 h after exposure and after a recovery period of 20 h.To study a possible systemic response,unstimulated leaves of treated plants were collected 20 h after exposure alongside the stimulated leaves from the same plants.The effect of stimulation was assessed by measuring oxidative stress parameters,antioxidant enzymes activity,total phenolics,and photosynthetic performance.Stimulated leaves showed increased lipid peroxidation 1 h after treatment and increased superoxide dismutase activity and phenolic oxidation rate after a 20-h recovery period.Considering photosynthetic performance after the 20-h recovery period,the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II was lower in the stimulated leaves,whereas photochemical quenching was lower in the unstimulated leaves of the treated plants.Nonphotochemical quenching was lower in the stimulated leaves 1 h after treatment.Our study suggested that plants sensed moderate force,but it did not induce pronounced change in metabolism or photosynthetic performance.Principal component analysis distinguished three groups–leaves of untreated plants,leaves analysed 1 h after stimulation,while stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants analysed 20 h after treatment formed together the third group.Observed grouping of stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants could indicate signal transduction from the stimulated to distant leaves,that is,a systemic response to a local application of mechanical stimuli.展开更多
Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with mutation...Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with mutations that modify the type of glucosinolates (i.e. myb28myb29 and cyp79B2cyp79B3 are deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates, respectively) make it possible to test for the specific effects of these secondary chemicals on insect herbivores. The Pad3 mutant (deficient in camalexin), which has a role in resistance to pathogens, was also tested. Likewise, the effects of different glucosinolate hydrolysis products can be evaluated using genetically modified (GM) lines of the wild type Col-0 ecotype, which naturally produces isothiocyanates. These GM lines include the nitrile-producing 35S: ESP and the double knockout tgg1tgg2, which virtually lacks hydrolysis products. In both no-choice and choice experiments, the crucifer specialist Pieris rapae was virtually unaffected by differences in the type of glucosinolates or hydrolysis products. In contrast, the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua had statistically significant increases in pupae/adult weight and faster developmental times when reared on mutants deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. There were no differences in the performance of either insect species when reared on wild type Col-0 or Pad3. Results from feeding choice trials showed that Pieris rapae had no statistically significant preference for any of the genetic lines. In contrast, Spodoptera exigua had a significant feeding preference for the double mutant tgg1tgg2. This study provides evidence that variation in the type of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can influence insect performance and feeding choices, and that responses are species-specific.展开更多
[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze th...[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to introduce a rapid DNA extraction method for PCR detection of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Through the improvement of conventional DNA extraction method,a rapid Arabidopsis thaliana DNA extr...[Objective] The aim was to introduce a rapid DNA extraction method for PCR detection of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Through the improvement of conventional DNA extraction method,a rapid Arabidopsis thaliana DNA extraction method was obtained.With randomly selected Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic strains and mutants as samples,the method was verified.[Result] After electrophoresis,UV absorption detection,it was found that DNA samples are complete and less pollution,and the result of PCR amplification objective fragment was good which proved DNA is suitable as a template for PCR reaction.After PCR detection,positive plants gene amplified bands were clear,without false-positive,and the test results were satisfactory.[Conclusion] The method is suitable for rapid extraction of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA and PCR detection.展开更多
为探究丛枝菌根真菌对拟南芥〔Arabidopsis thaliana(Linn.)Heynh.〕耐盐性的影响,测定了接种摩西斗管囊霉〔Funneliformis mosseae(T.H.Nicolson et Gerd.)C.Walker et A.Schüler〕和细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata Trap...为探究丛枝菌根真菌对拟南芥〔Arabidopsis thaliana(Linn.)Heynh.〕耐盐性的影响,测定了接种摩西斗管囊霉〔Funneliformis mosseae(T.H.Nicolson et Gerd.)C.Walker et A.Schüler〕和细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe)后及(或)质量体积分数2%NaCl胁迫下拟南芥种子萌发率、幼苗鲜质量和根长及抗逆相关基因表达情况。结果显示:在无NaCl胁迫下,接种细凹无梗囊霉显著(P<0.05)提高了拟南芥种子萌发率,接种2种菌均显著提高了幼苗鲜质量而降低了幼苗根长;在NaCl胁迫下,接种2种菌均明显提高了种子萌发率及幼苗鲜质量和根长,且以细凹无梗囊霉的影响更为明显。在NaCl胁迫和非胁迫下,接种摩西斗管囊霉使PAP1、PDF1、POD表达水平显著上调,接种细凹无梗囊霉使NCED3表达水平显著上调。总体来看,摩西斗管囊霉和细凹无梗囊霉均能够促进拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长并提高其耐盐性,且细凹无梗囊霉的作用更为明显。展开更多
基金supported by the University of Zagreb Research Grant.
文摘Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental factors.Apart from the negative consequences,it can also cause positive changes,such as acclimatization of plants to stress conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of plants to mechanical stimulation.Our aim was to evaluate the response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to a moderate force of 5 N(newton)for 20 s,which could be compared with the pressure caused by animal movement and weather conditions such as heavy rain.Mechanically stimulated leaves were sampled 1 h after exposure and after a recovery period of 20 h.To study a possible systemic response,unstimulated leaves of treated plants were collected 20 h after exposure alongside the stimulated leaves from the same plants.The effect of stimulation was assessed by measuring oxidative stress parameters,antioxidant enzymes activity,total phenolics,and photosynthetic performance.Stimulated leaves showed increased lipid peroxidation 1 h after treatment and increased superoxide dismutase activity and phenolic oxidation rate after a 20-h recovery period.Considering photosynthetic performance after the 20-h recovery period,the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II was lower in the stimulated leaves,whereas photochemical quenching was lower in the unstimulated leaves of the treated plants.Nonphotochemical quenching was lower in the stimulated leaves 1 h after treatment.Our study suggested that plants sensed moderate force,but it did not induce pronounced change in metabolism or photosynthetic performance.Principal component analysis distinguished three groups–leaves of untreated plants,leaves analysed 1 h after stimulation,while stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants analysed 20 h after treatment formed together the third group.Observed grouping of stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants could indicate signal transduction from the stimulated to distant leaves,that is,a systemic response to a local application of mechanical stimuli.
文摘Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with mutations that modify the type of glucosinolates (i.e. myb28myb29 and cyp79B2cyp79B3 are deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates, respectively) make it possible to test for the specific effects of these secondary chemicals on insect herbivores. The Pad3 mutant (deficient in camalexin), which has a role in resistance to pathogens, was also tested. Likewise, the effects of different glucosinolate hydrolysis products can be evaluated using genetically modified (GM) lines of the wild type Col-0 ecotype, which naturally produces isothiocyanates. These GM lines include the nitrile-producing 35S: ESP and the double knockout tgg1tgg2, which virtually lacks hydrolysis products. In both no-choice and choice experiments, the crucifer specialist Pieris rapae was virtually unaffected by differences in the type of glucosinolates or hydrolysis products. In contrast, the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua had statistically significant increases in pupae/adult weight and faster developmental times when reared on mutants deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. There were no differences in the performance of either insect species when reared on wild type Col-0 or Pad3. Results from feeding choice trials showed that Pieris rapae had no statistically significant preference for any of the genetic lines. In contrast, Spodoptera exigua had a significant feeding preference for the double mutant tgg1tgg2. This study provides evidence that variation in the type of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can influence insect performance and feeding choices, and that responses are species-specific.
文摘[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2006BAD21B04)Research Foundation for the Excellent Youth Scholars of Shandong Province(2004BS02013)Youth Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2007YQN003)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to introduce a rapid DNA extraction method for PCR detection of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Through the improvement of conventional DNA extraction method,a rapid Arabidopsis thaliana DNA extraction method was obtained.With randomly selected Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic strains and mutants as samples,the method was verified.[Result] After electrophoresis,UV absorption detection,it was found that DNA samples are complete and less pollution,and the result of PCR amplification objective fragment was good which proved DNA is suitable as a template for PCR reaction.After PCR detection,positive plants gene amplified bands were clear,without false-positive,and the test results were satisfactory.[Conclusion] The method is suitable for rapid extraction of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA and PCR detection.
文摘为探究丛枝菌根真菌对拟南芥〔Arabidopsis thaliana(Linn.)Heynh.〕耐盐性的影响,测定了接种摩西斗管囊霉〔Funneliformis mosseae(T.H.Nicolson et Gerd.)C.Walker et A.Schüler〕和细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe)后及(或)质量体积分数2%NaCl胁迫下拟南芥种子萌发率、幼苗鲜质量和根长及抗逆相关基因表达情况。结果显示:在无NaCl胁迫下,接种细凹无梗囊霉显著(P<0.05)提高了拟南芥种子萌发率,接种2种菌均显著提高了幼苗鲜质量而降低了幼苗根长;在NaCl胁迫下,接种2种菌均明显提高了种子萌发率及幼苗鲜质量和根长,且以细凹无梗囊霉的影响更为明显。在NaCl胁迫和非胁迫下,接种摩西斗管囊霉使PAP1、PDF1、POD表达水平显著上调,接种细凹无梗囊霉使NCED3表达水平显著上调。总体来看,摩西斗管囊霉和细凹无梗囊霉均能够促进拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长并提高其耐盐性,且细凹无梗囊霉的作用更为明显。
