An expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China

This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury, estab- lished from February 2009 to July 2010. The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the overview （one item）; pre-hospital care （one item）; evaluation and diagnosis （13 items）; treatment （23 items）; prevention and treatment of major com- plications （12 items）; and rehabilitation （four items）. This is the first time that Chinese experts have published a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury. The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods, literature analysis, and clinical experiences. Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidences. The level of agreement with the rec- ommendation among the panel members was assessed as either low, moderate, or strong. Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with ＂1＂ cor- respondJng to neutrality and ＂5＂ representJng maxJmum agreement. Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated. This mean score was then translated into low, moderate, or strong. After all of the votes were collected and calculated, the results showed no low-level recommendations, 10 moderate-level recommendations, and 44 strong-level recom- mendations. An expert consensus was reached and was recognized by Chinese spine surgeons. Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thora- columbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treatment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.

Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture-Dislocation without Neurological Deficit: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Thoracolumbar spine fracture-dislocations are very unstable and usually secondary to high energy trauma. Due to disruption of the entire vertebrae columns, the absence of neurological deficit is exceptional. Aim: The purpose of this work is to report our experience in the management of this entity in a context of limited resources and to make a review of the literature. Case presentation: A 30-year-old man was admitted with a severe low back pain after a traffic accident. Neurological functions were intact after examination. Radiological assessments revealed a complete L3-L4 fracture-dislocation. The patient underwent an open posterior reduction and internal long segment fixation. The post-operative was marked by a surgical site infection treated with surgical debridement and targeted antibiotic therapy. The neurological functions were preserved. Conclusion: Fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine are caused by high energy trauma and are remarkably unstable lesions. When they are associated with intact neurorological functions, reduction and stabilization of these fractures are a challenge.

Imaging evaluation of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: Radiological review

Spine fractures account for a large portion of musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. A classification of spine fractures is necessary in order to develop a common language for treatment indications and outcomes. Several classification systems have been developed based on injury anatomy or mechanisms of action, but they have demonstrated poor reliability, have yielded little prognostic information, and have not been widely used. For this reason, the Arbeitsgemeinschaftfür Osteosynthesefragen(AO) committee has classified thorocolumbar spine injuries based on the pathomorphological criteria into3 types(A: Compression; B: Distraction; C: Axial torque and rotational deformity). Each of these types is further divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups reflecting progressive scale of morphological damage and the degree of instability. Because of its highly detailed sub classifications, the AO system has shown limited interobserver variability. It is similar to its predecessors in that it does not incorporate the patient's neurologic status.The need for a reliable, reproducible, clinically relevant, prognostic classification system with an optimal balance of ease of use and detail of injury description contributed to the development of a new classification system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score(TLICS). The TLICS defines injury based on three clinical characteristics: injury morphology, integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status of the patient. The severity score offers prognostic information and is helpful in decision making about surgical vs nonsurgical management.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture complicated by simple conus medullaris injury

Between 1990 and 1996, 15 patients with thoracolumbar spine fracture complicated by simple conusmedullaris injury were admitted. All patients were Injured by falling from height (mean, o meters). Clinical symp-toms indicated hypoesthesia or anesthesia of S3-5 sensory region,dysporia and urinary dysfunction. but normal sensation and motion of the bilateral lower extremities. Waston-Jones classified the spinal cord and nerve root injury following thoracolumbar spine fracture into three types. According to our observations, it should be classfied into five types: 1) concussion of the conus medullaris; 2) simple incomplete injury of the conus medullaris; 3) simplecomplete injury of the conus medullaris; 4) spinal cord transection and partial nerve root injury; 5) spinal cordtransection and entire nerve root injury.

Outcome of Long Segment Transpedicular Screw Fixation in Unstable Thoracolumbar Spine Injury with Incomplete Neurological Deficit

Background: Long segment transpedicular screw fixation in thoracolumbar spine injury has gained popularity in the last decades as it provides immediate stability, prevents further risk of complications and allows early mobilization of patient. Objectives: Evaluation of clinical and functional outcome after long segment transpedicular screw fixation in unstable thoracolumbar spine injury with incomplete neurological deficit patients. Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of twenty four (24) patients with traumatic unstable fracture of the thoracolumbar spine with incomplete neurological deficit underwent long segment transpedicular screw fixation were included in this study. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively. Results: A total of 24 patients aged between 20 - 60 years of both sexes (Male-21, Female-03) were included in this study. Their mean (±SD) age was 33.12 (±8.57) years. Most of them were farmer [09 (37.5%)] and day labour [08 (33.33%)]. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common [16 (66.67%)] cause of injury and then fall from height [08 (33.33%)]. The most common level of injury involved was L1-10 (41.67%) patients, followed by L2-07 (29.17%), T12-05 (20.83%) and T11-02 (8.33%) of the study patients. Burst fracture was the commonest [22 (91.67%)] type of fracture followed by Chance fracture [02 (8.33%)]. Pre-operative mean (±SD) Cobb angle, Kyphotic deformation of vertebral body, Beck index and vertebral compression deformity were 21.83 ± 4.5 degrees, 22.09 ± 4.40 degrees, 0.78 ± 2.65 and 0.18 ± 0.93 mm respectively, after procedure which were significantly (p Conclusions: Long segment transpedicular screw fixation is an effective method of treatment in patients having thoracolumbar spine injury with incomplete neurological deficit.

Progress in the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures with Internal Fixation of Injured Vertebrae with Screws

The thoracolumbar spine,due to its large range of motion and relatively fragile anatomical structure,is prone to traumatic fractures and has become one of the common types of fractures in clinical practice.Thoracic and lumbar fractures may lead to spinal instability,spinal stenosis,etc.,and early restoration of vertebral height and sequence is necessary.Although the technique of transpedicular screw internal fixation for traumatic vertebrae is effective in the short term,in the long run,there may be adverse situations such as fixation breakage and loosening,leading to loss of vertebral height and kyphosis deformity.The technique of internal fixation of injured vertebrae with screws is considered to minimize postoperative complications and is worthy of promotion and use.With the advancement of medical technology,imaging,and biomechanics,the treatment methods for thoracolumbar spinal fractures are becoming increasingly diverse.

不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效研究

目的:分析不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效,以及对血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)水平的影响。方法:选取我院2020年1月-2022年6月收治的120例行微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗的胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者,随机分为三组。A组(40例)选择经皮入路,B组(40例)选择经Wiltse入路,C组(40例)选择经后正中入路。记录并比较三组伤椎有效性指标:Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比;视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分、血清BALP、β-CTX水平和围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量)。结果:三组患者术后7 d、30 d的伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),但三组间伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比差异无统计意义(P>0.05);三组患者术后VAS评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后1 d、7 d的VAS评分比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组患者术后血清BALP水平均明显上升,血清β-CTX水平均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后7 d的血清BALP及β-CTX水平比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量关系为A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:经皮入路和经Wiltse入路微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗能有效改善胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者伤椎有效性及骨代谢水平,而传统后正中入路的有效性及对骨代谢水平的改善作用相对较差,临床可结合患者情况在经皮入路和经Wiltse入路二者之间酌情选择入路方式,并结合小针刀术进行干预治疗。

骨密度联合骨代谢指标在胸腰椎PVP后再骨折中的应用进展

胸腰椎骨折在我国具有较高的发病率,可严重影响患者日常生活,需及时治疗。椎体成形术(vertebroplasty,PVP)是临床用于治疗胸腰椎骨折的一种常见技术,具有疗效高、术后康复快等优势。部分患者于术后可能受到多种因素影响出现再骨折等情况,不仅影响远期预后,严重时可加重病情,增加手术治疗难度。因此,如何评估胸腰椎PVP后再骨折风险与治疗效果,分析影响胸腰椎PVP后再骨折的主要因素,加强高危人群管理,预防胸腰椎PVP再骨折发生至关重要。目前,临床主要将骨密度、骨代谢相关指标作为预测胸腰椎PVP后再骨折的主要观察指标,能够有效预测再骨折发生率,同时还能用于疾病治疗后临床效果的评估,应用价值较高。文章主要从骨密度、骨代谢指标在胸腰椎PVP后再骨折中的应用情况进行综述,分析了骨代谢指标与骨密度在胸腰椎PVP后再骨折中的应用进展,此文的研究结果为骨密度、骨代谢指标后期标准制定提供了借鉴内容。

基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者的效果

目的:探讨基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者的临床效果。方法:将2022年8月—2023年9月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇七医院骨科(脊柱病区)收治的60例老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法将患者分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组应用脊柱骨折术后常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上应用基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴治疗。比较两组临床疗效、首次排便时间、首次排气时间及生活质量[便秘患者生活质量量表(PAC-QOL)]。结果:研究组临床总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组首次排便时间、首次排气时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组PAC-QOL各维度评分及总分低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于子午流注理论中药贴敷神阙穴在老年胸腰椎骨折术后阳明腑实证便秘患者中应用可有效促进排气、排便,改善便秘,提升生活质量。

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经损伤的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者的临床疗效。方法选取40例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,并对患者手术时间、切口平均长度、术中出血量、住院时间进行记录。对所有患者进行随访,观察和记录手术前、手术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访的影像学指标[包括术后Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度百分比(RAVH)]、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)腰疼评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)及视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,评价临床结果的改善程度。结果所有手术均顺利完成,患者平均手术时间(76.2±7.2)min,术中平均出血量(68.5±3.8)mL,切口平均长度(11.8±0.9)cm,平均住院时间(10.1±1.2)d。术后及随访期间均未出现感染、内固定物松动及断裂等并发症。患者术后一周Cobb角较术前显著改善,RAVH较术前显著增加(P<0.05);术后6个月较术后一周及末次随访较术后6个月比较,患者Cobb角略有增加,RAVH略有丢失,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术前、术后一周、术后一月及末次随访患者JOA评分显著增加,而VAS和ODI评分随时间推移而显著减少,差异在不同时间点具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术在治疗胸腰椎骨折时,可以有效恢复伤椎椎体高度,纠正矢状面后凸Cobb角,恢复脊柱生理曲度,具有显著的临床疗效。

胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的危险因素分析

目的分析胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的危险因素,为预防胸腰椎结核手术失败提供理论依据。方法胸腰椎结核患者446例,均接受病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗并获得2年以上随访,随访期间发现内固定失败者48例。收集所有患者的基本资料、手术相关资料及术后随访资料,以是否发生胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败为因变量,建立单因素Logistic回归分析模型,自变量包括性别、年龄、术前存在并发症、病灶范围、手术方式选择、术前及术后正规化疗、手术部位严格制动、合并脊柱外结核、术前合并后凸畸形、术前术后合并症、术后结核药物耐药,采用逐步筛选法进行单因素Logistic回归分析。将单因素分析有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析模型作为自变量,以胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败为因变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的危险因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶范围、手术方式选择、术前及术后正规化疗、手术部位严格制动、术前合并后凸畸形、术后结核药物耐药是胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的相关因素(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶范围(多椎体)、手术方式(前路)、术前及术后未正规化疗、手术部位未严格制动、术前合并后凸畸形、术后结核药物耐药是胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后有较高的内固定失败风险,病灶范围(多椎体)、手术方式(前路)、术前及术后未正规化疗、手术部位未严格制动、术前合并后凸畸形、术后结核药物耐药是胸腰椎结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后内固定失败的独立危险因素。

经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折近远期效果观察

目的:观察胸腰椎骨折患者接受经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗的近远期疗效。方法:选择2018年2月-2022年1月我院70例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组采用常规切开椎弓根内固定治疗,观察组采用经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗,对比2组各项手术指标、术后恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果:术后观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后引流量、术后负重时间、骨折愈合时间均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前2组患者的伤椎后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎后缘高度比值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3个月及术后1年伤椎后凸Cobb角均降低,伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎后缘高度均升高,观察组变化比对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前2组患者ODI、Harris评分、VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7dVAS评分降低,术后3个月及术后1年ODI评分降低,Harris评分升高,观察组变化比对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为5.71%,低于对照组的25.71%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎骨折患者接受经皮微创脊柱后路钉棒系统固定治疗,近期疗效和远期疗效均能得到有效保障,对于促进患者腰椎指标及功能改善、缓解疼痛程度及减少并发症发生率均具有显著效果。

有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折生物力学分析中的应用及发展方向

背景:脊柱骨折最高发部位是胸腰段,其症状为后背部疼痛、后凸畸形、活动受限,或伴脊髓神经损伤引发下肢疼痛、麻木甚至截瘫等并发症。有限元法是一种数字化的计算机建模技术,能真实模拟实物模型并进行受力分析。目的:综述有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中的应用。方法:在中英文文献数据库PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网中检索2024年3月之前发表的有限元分析法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中应用的相关文献,中英文检索词为“有限元分析法(finite element analysis methods)”“生物力学(biomechanical phenomena)”“应力分析(stress analysis)”“胸腰椎骨折(thoracolumbar fractures)”“脊柱骨折(spinal fractures)”,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①通过有限元法对不同病因(骨质疏松性、创伤性、病理性)导致的胸腰椎骨折进行探索,有利于对各种类型胸腰椎骨折的生物力学特征有更加深刻的认识,完善对胸腰椎骨折的个性化和精细化治疗;②单一样本或数量较少样本的有限元分析具有偶然性,未来的有限元分析需要更大的样本数量来减少样本偶然性带来的误差;③仅骨骼的刚性结构不能满足实物的完整性所具有的生物力学工况,未来的有限元模型需要尽可能纳入实物的所有结构(例如肌肉、韧带等软组织);④有限元法在骨质疏松性和创伤性胸腰椎骨折方面的研究较多,未来需要进行更加深入的研究;病理性胸腰椎骨折领域的研究较少,未来研究范围较广。

人体脊柱动力学数值仿真分析模型建立及验证

目的建立T2~L5胸腰椎有限元模型并验证其有效性,为探究脊柱冲击载荷下的动态响应特性及损伤机制提供数值模型支撑。方法基于CT扫描图像数据建立T2~L5胸腰椎三维有限元模型;仿真分析施加不同力矩下(屈伸、旋转和侧弯工况)T12~L1段载荷-转角曲线,并与文献报道的数据进行对比;对T2~6、T7~11和T12~L53段脊柱有限元模型施加不同高度下的自由落体载荷并进行仿真分析,获得轴向力峰值和弯矩,并与文献报道的数据进行对比分析。结果T12~L1段脊柱有限元模型受不同方向力矩发生最大转角在-2.24°~1.55°,与文献数据吻合良好。在不同跌落高度下,T2~6、T7~11和T12~L53段脊柱有限元模型的轴向峰值力分别为1.7~5.3、1.3~5.5、1.3~7.5 kN,均处于文献数据误差范围内;脊柱与椎间盘应力云图显示,椎体由外缘最先受力,椎间盘由髓核承受主要载荷,符合实际脊柱损伤发生机制。结论所建立的T2~L5脊柱模型能够正确模拟不同工况下脊柱的生物力学行为特性,分析结果具有有效性。

脊柱胸腰段应力分布与骨折相关性的三维有限元分析

目的:观察脊柱胸腰段骨折与椎体骨性结构及韧带间应力分布的相关性,探索脊柱胸腰段椎体骨折的力学机制。方法:招募8名健康男性青年志愿者,行脊柱全长X线片和CT检查排除脊柱畸形、肿瘤及骨病,对脊柱各椎体及股骨行骨密度测定排除骨质疏松。均行自T11椎体上终板至L2椎体下缘CT薄层扫描,将8名志愿者CT图像参数导入ABAQUS 2016软件中进行标准化,并进行有限元网格化构建。应用MIMICS 17.0、GEOMAGICS 15.0和PRO/ENGINEER 5.0软件处理,建立脊柱胸腰段有限元模型,测量模型相关参数,并验证模型有效性。在T11椎体上终板上加载竖直轴向载荷500N、附加扭矩10N·m模拟垂直压缩、前屈、后伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转7种运动状态,使用ABAQUS软件对有限元模型7种运动状态下的应力分布特点及变化规律进行分析,观察应力分布与脊柱胸腰段骨折的相关性。结果:建立的三维有限元模型共有309583个节点和428760个单元,包括4个椎体、3个椎间盘、前纵韧带、后纵韧带、横突间韧带、棘间韧带等结构。7种运动状态下的数据与文献报道的数据无明显偏差,模型有效。T11~L2椎体椎弓根截面积分别为135mm^(2)、154mm^(2)、105mm^(2)、139.2mm^(2)。应力云图结果显示各运动状态下高应力区存在于椎体的松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质。在垂直压缩状况下,T12椎体所受应力最大(617.4MPa),前屈状态下T11所受应力最大(200.7MPa),后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体所受应力最大(314.2MPa、574.4MPa、626.2MPa、641.3MPa、527.1MPa),且前屈体位时椎体所能承受的应力最小,左旋转时所能承受的应力最大。垂直压缩状况下T12椎体发生骨折,前屈状态下T11发生骨折伴韧带损伤,后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体发生骨折伴韧带损伤。骨折发生时,前纵韧带在后伸、左右侧屈状态下存在高应力区,后纵韧带在前屈状态下存在高应力区,横突间韧带和棘间韧带在前屈、左右侧屈、左右旋转状态下存在高应力区。结论:在构建包括重要韧带、椎间盘等软组织结构的脊柱胸腰段三维模型中,椎体松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质、韧带均存在高应力区,不同状态下所受应力最大椎体不同,发生骨折的椎体和韧带损伤也不同;L1椎弓根截面积最小,最易发生骨折。

骨水泥强化空心侧孔螺钉固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折患者的效果比较

目的:比较骨水泥强化空心侧孔螺钉固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉固定术(PSF)治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折(SF)患者的效果。方法:回顾性收集2020年6月-2023年6月厦门市中医院收治的120例胸腰段SF患者的病历资料,按手术方案不同分为观察组(骨水泥强化空心侧孔螺钉固定术,n=60)与对照组(传统PSF,n=60)。比较两组手术效果、影像学指标(伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎Cobb's角)、椎体功能[Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分]、骨代谢指标[β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)、骨γ-梭基谷氨酸蛋白(BGP)、骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)]及并发症发生率。结果:观察组手术优良率为98.33%,较对照组的86.67%高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月,两组伤椎前缘高度比及血清BGP、BMP-2水平较术前升高,伤椎Cobb's角、ODI评分及血清β-CTX水平较术前降低,且观察组伤椎前缘高度比及血清BGP、BMP-2水平较对照组高,伤椎Cobb's角、ODI评分及血清β-CTX水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为3.33%,较对照组的15.00%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相较于传统PSF治疗胸腰段SF患者,骨水泥强化空心侧孔螺钉固定术可进一步提升手术效果,改善椎体功能、骨代谢水平,促进脊柱生理解剖结构恢复,降低并发症发生风险。

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨折对患者手术创伤程度及脊柱功能的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(Percutaneous Vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗老年胸腰椎骨折对患者手术创伤程度、脊柱功能的影响。方法方便选取2022年2月-2023年2月东台市中医院骨伤科收治的84例老年胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,以随机数生成器将患者分成两组,各42例。其中切开组应用切开复位内固定治疗;观察组应用PVP术式治疗。对比两组手术创伤程度(出血量、切口长度、住院时间),脊柱功能(椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Dability Index,ODI),数字模拟评分法(Numeric Rating Scale,NRS),Barthel指数评分(Barthel Index,BI),世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHO Quality of Life,WHOQOL)。结果观察组出血量、切口长度、住院时间分别为(52.11±13.83)mL、(4.58±1.26)cm、(10.59±2.48)d,切开组对应指标分别为(116.79±15.98)mL、(11.86±2.95)cm、(13.75±2.64)d,观察组指标水平均优于切开组,差异有统计学意义(t=19.835、14.708、5.654,P均<0.05)。术前两组椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);术后两组椎体前缘高度增加,后凸Cobb角减小,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组患者的ODI、NRS、BI以及WHOQOL评分均优于切开组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论PVP术式在治疗老年胸腰椎骨折患者中表现出令人满意的效果,能够控制手术创伤,促进脊柱功能恢复,并且有助于降低术后脊柱功能障碍、疼痛水平,能够使患者获得更全面的自主生活能力和更高的生活质量。

Application of a paraplegic gait orthosis in thoracolumbar spinal cord injury

Paraplegic gait orthosis has been shown to help paraplegic patients stand and walk, although this method cannot be individualized for patients with different spinal cord injuries and functional recovery of the lower extremities. There is, however, a great need to develop individualized paraplegic orthosis to improve overall quality of life for paraplegic patients. In the present study, 36 spinal cord（below T4） injury patients were equally and randomly divided into control and observation groups. The control group received systematic rehabilitation training, including maintenance of joint range of motion, residual muscle strength training, standing training, balance training, and functional electrical stimulation. The observation group received an individualized paraplegic locomotion brace and functional training according to the various spinal cord injury levels and muscle strength based on comprehensive systematic rehabilitation training. After 3 months of rehabilitation training, the observation group achieved therapeutic locomotion in 8 cases, family-based locomotion in 7 cases, and community-based locomotion in 3 cases. However, locomotion was not achieved in any of the control group patients. These findings suggest that individualized paraplegic braces significantly improve activity of daily living and locomotion in patients with thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折合并胸腰筋膜损伤患者在椎体强化术后临床疗效分析

目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)合并胸腰筋膜损伤(TFI)患者在椎体强化术后的临床疗效。方法选取2022年11月至2023年8月川北医学院附属医院骨科收治的81例采用经皮椎体球囊后凸成形术(PKP)治疗的OVCF患者为研究对象,根据是否合并TFI进行分组,将合并TFI的患者作为TFI组(n=36),未合并TFI患者作为NTFI组(n=45)。比较两组患者年龄、性别、住院时间、骨密度等一般资料;手术时间、术中出血量、伤椎节段(T10-L2、L3-I5)占比、单侧或双侧穿刺占比、骨水泥注射量等术中指标。分别采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者腰部疼痛程度和腰椎功能改善情况。结果两组患者伤椎节段占比、手术时间、术中出血量、单或双侧穿刺占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术前、术后3 d VAS、ODI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TFI组患者术后1、3个月VAS、ODI评分均高于NTFI组患者(P<0.05)。结论TFI组患者在采用PKP治疗后3个月内,腰椎疼痛缓解程度和腰椎功能改善情况均较NTFI组患者差,TFI可作为OVCF合并TFI患者在椎体强化术后临床疗效观察的有效指标。

体表脊柱侧位节段定位板的研制及临床应用

目的:研制体表脊柱侧位节段定位板,探讨其在胸腰椎节段定位的临床应用效果。方法:自2018年3月至2021年3月老年患者因胸腰椎压缩性骨折行经皮椎体球囊扩张后凸成形手术共768例,男356例,女412例;年龄64~92(77.9±13.5)岁。均伤后1周内来院治疗。所有患者进行术前定位,按照定位方法不同分为定位板组和定位器组。定位板组390例,男180例,女210例,年龄64~92(78.4±14.3)岁。定位器组378例,男176例,女202例,年龄64~90(77.5±13.4)岁。用上述两种方法初步定位后做好皮肤标记,常规消毒铺巾,在标记点及近尾端垂直身体刺入细针头后透视脊柱侧位,评价原定位方法的准确率,对两组定位透视次数、定位时间和定位准确性。结果:定位板组和定位器组透视次数分别为(3.3±0.5)次和(5.0±1.2)次,定位时间分别为(60.4±9.4)s和(105.0±30.9)s,透视准确率分别为97.5%(380/390)和85.6%(324/378),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:体表脊柱侧位节段定位板具有操作简便、定位准确,患者接受X线辐射次数少的优点。