A Systematic Review of Computer Vision Techniques for Quality Control in End-of-Line Visual Inspection of Antenna Parts

The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has underscored the critical role of antennas in ensuring seamless connectivity.Antenna defects,ranging from manufacturing imperfections to environmental wear,pose significant challenges to the reliability and performance of communication systems.This review paper navigates the landscape of antenna defect detection,emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of various defect types and the associated challenges in visual detection.This review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers,engineers,and practitioners engaged in the design and maintenance of communication systems.The insights presented here pave the way for enhanced reliability in antenna systems through targeted defect detection measures.In this study,a comprehensive literature analysis on computer vision algorithms that are employed in end-of-line visual inspection of antenna parts is presented.The PRISMA principles will be followed throughout the review,and its goals are to provide a summary of recent research,identify relevant computer vision techniques,and evaluate how effective these techniques are in discovering defects during inspections.It contains articles from scholarly journals as well as papers presented at conferences up until June 2023.This research utilized search phrases that were relevant,and papers were chosen based on whether or not they met certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.In this study,several different computer vision approaches,such as feature extraction and defect classification,are broken down and analyzed.Additionally,their applicability and performance are discussed.The review highlights the significance of utilizing a wide variety of datasets and measurement criteria.The findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge and point researchers in the direction of promising new areas of investigation,such as real-time inspection systems and multispectral imaging.This review,on its whole,offers a complete study of computer vision approaches for quality control in antenna parts.It does so by providing helpful insights and drawing attention to areas that require additional exploration.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Dynamic Visual Image Modeling Based on Mobile RobotSelf- Organizing Network in Internetof Things Perception Layer

The dynamic multichannel binocular visual image modeling is studied based on Internet of Things (IoT) Perception Layer, using mobile robot self-organizing network. By employing multigroup mobile robots with binocular visual system, the real visual images of the object will be obtained. Then through the mobile self-organizing network, a three-dimensional model is rebuilt by synthesizing the returned images. On this basis, we formalize a novel algorithm for multichannel binocular visual three-dimensional images based on fast three-dimensional modeling. Compared with the method based on single binocular visual system, the new algorithm can improve the Integrity and accuracy of the dynamic three-dimensional object modeling. The simulation results show that the new method can effectively accelerate the modeling speed, improve the similarity and not increase the data size.

Application of Three-Dimensional Visual Simulation in Tidal Defense Engineering

Any tidal defense engineering involves the collection and analysis of massive information about engineering structures and their surrounding environment. Traditional method, which is carried out mainly by means of twodimensional drawings and textures, is not efficient and intuitive enough to analyze the whole project and reflect its spatial relationship. Three-dimensional visual simulation provides an advanced technical means of solving this problem. In this paper, triangular irregular network (TIN) model simplified by non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) technique was used to establish the digital terrain model (DTM) of a super large region. Simulation of dynamic water surface was realized by combining noise function with sine wave superposition method. Models of different objects were established with different modeling techniques according to their characteristics. Application of texture mapping technology remarkably improved the authenticity of the models. Taking the tidal defense engineering in the new coastal region of Tianjin as a case study, three-dimensional visual simulation and dynamic roaming of the study area were realized, providing visual analysis and visible demonstration method for the management and emergency decision-making associated with construction.

Research on the Construction of Drug Inspection Evaluation Indicator System

Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision.

Educational Assistance Through Modeling in Tsukuba University of Technology-Professional Education for the Hearing or Visually Impaired

The National University Corporation Tsukuba University of Technology（NTUT） is the only institute of higher education for the hearing and the visually impaired in Japan. In our university, hearing or visually impaired students are studying to be technicians after they graduate, toward social independence. From previous experience of higher education for students with disabilities, effects are increased when modeling is used by the teachers involved in professional education. In the Mechanical Engineering Course, we are using modeling, to match the drawing and shape for beginning students. It includes support for enhancing one＇s view, and how to draw out the ability of mechanical engineering students for the basics. For students to study Mechanical Design and Drawing, Modeling of Gear Pump, Jack and Globe Valve are easily shown through drawings and the operation of each mechanism through sample drawings in the textbook. It is possible to make an opportunity to think about the machine mechanism. It will be shown by students＇ works. The assembling of the model triggers the need for form accuracy by making a function, and improves the quality of learning. It is possible that a three-dimensional molding machine can be produced through experiential learning by the model, and modeling with the dimension numerical data. Moreover, it is also embodied in a three-dimensional modeling which results in the image processing programming created. Confirming the improvement of the program through the shape with the quality. In the Department of Synthetic Design, students have chances to realize and self-evaluate from the design of the lamp shade with a complicated shape. In the Faculty of Health Science from Department of Health, high quality teaching of visually-impaired students through the use of bone model teaching materials has become possible in the medical-related courses.

Research and application on integration modeling of 3D bodies in coal mine with blended data model based on TIN and ARTP

Data modeling is the foundation of three-dimensional visualization technology. First the paper proposed the 3D integrated data model of stratum, laneway and drill on the basic of TIN and ARTP, and designed the relevant conceptual and logical model from the view of data model, and described the data structure of geometric elements of the model by adopting the object-oriented modeling idea. And then studied the key modeling technology of stratum, laneway and drill, introduced the ARTP modeling process of stratum, laneway and drill and studied the 3D geometric modeling process of different section laneways. At last, the paper realized the three-dimensional visualization system professionally coalmine-oriented, using SQL Server as background database, Visual C＋＋6.0 and OpenGL as foreground development tools.

上盖开发的地下停车场室外综合管线设计优化

市域铁路车辆基地占地面积大,且城市用地紧张,地下车辆基地进行上盖开发形成趋势。地下车辆基地采用混凝土和整体钢板结构形式,一方面地下车辆基地结构立柱密集繁多,且由于消防要求导致顶板悬挂管线空间受限,对管线的布置带来巨大的挑战;另一方面混凝土一旦浇筑完成,再进行二次开挖返工困难重重。该文主要通过介绍地下停车场底板和顶板室外管线布置特点,包括管沟敷设形式、管沟布置原则和管线接口等在实际工程中的应用,再利用三维建模可视化(BIM)进行关键交叉节点的检查,最终合理完成室外管线优化设计。

An experimental study on horizontal well waterflooding in the Cretaceous porous carbonate reservoir of Oman

Porous carbonate reservoirs,prevalent in the Middle East,are lithologically dominated by bioclastic limestones,exhibiting high porosity,low permeability,intricate pore structure,and strong heterogeneity.Waterflooding through horizontal wells is commonly used for exploiting these reservoirs.However,challenges persist,such as significant uncertainty and complex operational procedures regarding adjustment effects during the exploitation.The USH reservoir of the Cretaceous D oilfield,Oman exemplifies typical porous carbonate reservoirs.It initially underwent depletion drive using vertical wells,followed by horizontal well waterflooding in the late stage.Currently,the oilfield is confronted with substantial developmental challenges,involving the understanding of residual oil distribution,effective water cut control,and sustaining oil production since it has entered the late development stage.Employing a microscopic visualization displacement system equipped with electrodes,this study elucidated the waterflooding mechanisms and residual oil distribution in the late-stage development of the USH reservoir.The results reveal that the reservoir's vertical stacking patterns act as the main factor affecting the horizontal well waterflooding efficacy.Distinct water flow channels emerge under varying reservoir stacking patterns,with post-waterflooding residual oil predominantly distributed at the reservoir's top and bottom.The oil recovery can be enhanced by adjusting the waterflooding's flow line and intensity.The findings of this study will provide theoretical insights of waterflooding mechanisms and injection-production adjustments for exploiting other porous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East through horizontal wells.

BIM技术在用地紧张大型水厂管线综合设计中的应用实践

在水厂管线综合设计过程中,各类管线错综复杂,利用二维设计软件设计时,管线交叉位置多,高程计算工作量大,设计难度高。以松山湖水厂一期工程为例,采用BIM技术软件进行厂区管线的设计,在设计过程中节省了设计周期、优化管线布置、减少厂区管线之间的“错、漏、碰、缺”等问题,并在设计交底过程中采用BIM模型进行交底,避免施工过程中出现错误,节约施工周期和施工成本,补充了BIM技术在厂站内管线系统设计内容的使用场景。

铝合金列车车身焊缝表面激光清洗-质量检测一体化方法

视觉检测是实现焊缝表面质量检测的有效手段。然而,铝合金轨道列车车身电弧焊接产生的黑灰使视觉传感器采集到的数据存在大量缺失,影响了焊缝表面质量检测的精度。为此,该文提出一种铝合金车身焊缝表面激光清洗-质量检测一体化方法,设计了“清洗-焊接-检测”一体化装置。首先采用激光清洗技术去除电弧焊接产生的黑灰,降低了数据缺失率;随后基于线结构光传感器采集焊缝表面轮廓信息,采用三次样条插值和随机抽样一致性算法建立焊缝表面动态理想轮廓模型;通过特征点提取、比较动态理想轮廓与实际轮廓差异实现了焊缝特征尺寸的测量与表面缺陷检测。结果表明,激光清洗后采集数据的缺失率相比清洗前降低了93.43%;提出的激光清洗-质量检测一体化方法实现了焊缝特征尺寸测量与表面缺陷检测。焊缝特征尺寸检测精度达0.1 mm,气孔、焊瘤、未熔合缺陷的长度检测精度达0.2 mm。

基于Mask R-CNN模型的铁路隧道衬砌机制砂混凝土裂缝视觉检测

铁路隧道衬砌结构裂缝图像具有复杂的灰度分布和变化特征,局部和全局的多特征信息会干扰跟踪方向和边界跟踪参数,模型可扩展性受限,检测准确率较低。为此,提出基于Mask R-CNN模型的铁路隧道衬砌机制砂混凝土裂缝视觉检测方法。首先输入分段线性变换后的砂混凝土裂缝图像,抽取阈值,生成连通域标识,再以像素点为背景点,在Mask R-CNN模型中,同时检测裂缝区域的位置和标记像素级的边缘掩膜,判定裂缝边界起点与裂缝宽度;然后进行累加视觉检测方法设计,按照裂缝的几何特征以及排序结果,求解裂缝长度,获得完整的裂缝轮廓。试验结果表明,所提方法可以较为完整地检测所有关键位置,裂缝参数信息检测准确率较高;迭代次数升高后,检测结果受到的影响较小,可扩展性得到了改善,可适应任务需求,具有较好的应用价值。

基于空间多自由度激光定位模型的垂直电梯轿厢与井道壁距离视觉检测方法

为有效检测垂直电梯轿厢与井道壁距离,提出基于空间多自由度激光定位模型的垂直电梯轿厢与井道壁距离视觉检测方法。将激光跟踪仪、插入惯性单元的六自由度激光标靶,分别布置于井道壁、垂直电梯轿厢合适位置。应用光电传感装置,通过执行相应计数操作,获取棱镜到激光跟踪仪坐标原点的距离,有效检测垂直电梯轿厢与井道壁距离,测量结果与实际间距基本一致,能够有效实施电梯安全预警,可显著提升电梯安全性能。

通用机器人视觉检测系统的全局校准技术

介绍了基于通用机器人的车身在线柔性视觉检测系统的工作原理和在复杂现场环境下使用激光跟踪仪和测量臂进行全局校准的实用方法。基于测量姿态的全局校准方法,利用机械约束将传感器坐标系和靶标坐标系统一起来,实现测量姿态时传感器坐标系与系统基准坐标系的坐标转换。基于机器人运动学模型的全局校准方法,利用机器人末端关节位姿可通过正向运动学获知的特点,在现场构建机器人基坐标系,并通过坐标变换获得与机器人运动精度无关的手眼关系,实现任意姿态时的全局校准。实际测量结果表明,应用两种校准方法后系统的重复性精度都十分理想,测量装置重复测量标准差和系统重复测量标准差分别为0.07mm和0.13mm,能够满足在线监控白车身加工尺寸变化的精度要求,系统进行坐标测量时的误差分别为±0.2mm和±0.8mm。

BIM技术在隧道衬砌病害信息可视化中的应用

对BIM技术在运营公路隧道衬砌结构病害检测结果信息可视化展示中的应用展开了研究,通过对Auto CAD和Revit的二次开发,实现隧道衬砌病害的三维可视化。所实施的方法为:将公路隧道的结构进行解构,以便在BIM软件中建立隧道各个构件的空间模型;结合隧道结构特征,推导出将CAD平面图形元素映射到三维隧道空间结构的转换公式;提取隧道病害展示图中特征点的关键参数,把提取的隧道病害的参数进行坐标换算,将隧道病害元素映射到隧道结构的空间模型上,实现了衬砌病害从二维向三维的转化。通过BIM技术展示衬砌病害的三维可视化,为公路隧道的维修养护工作提供便利。

数字孪生变电站框架设计与关键技术研究

数字孪生(DT)技术的发展给电力系统的智能化管理带来诸多便利,然而作为推动能源电力行业数字化、智能化的关键技术,相关研究与应用还处于初期起步阶段,亟需开展系统性研究,以突破适应能源电力行业特殊性的数字孪生关键技术。为此,本文以变电站作为应用场景,首先对变电站运维管理现状进行了分析,指出现阶段存在变电站巡检模式缺陷、模型精度不够、感知参量单一、缺乏对数据的深度挖掘等问题。以此设计了一套涵盖空间信息与设备建模、变电主设备机理建模、智能反馈控制、设备感知网络、基于数据驱动的数字孪生体模型的仿真,以及3维可视化渲染与应用的数字孪生变电站模型框架。然后讨论了变电站数字孪生技术面临的问题与挑战:专业智能研制方面,变电站数字孪生系统对传感器的感知精度、智慧功能集成度、抗干扰能力、功耗以及供能方式等提出更高要求;海量数据存储与计算方面,海量多源异构感知数据如何高效存储与利用,以及如何优化算力资源分配,满足系统实时计算需求;模型研究方面,现有数据驱动模型精度不足,模型不可解释且缺乏论证,影响整个系统的可靠运行;数据方面,如何解决“数据安全”与“数据孤岛”问题;3维虚拟实体构建与动态更新方面,如何低成本快速构建可用的高精度3维变电站模型,以及研究设计3维模型的动态更新算法,以保证孪生系统实时空一致性。进而探讨了解决问题的关键技术:通过感知理论研究与提升制作工艺、结合分布式云存储与云边协同计算、数据驱动与机理知识融合建模、可信联邦学习等先进技术,以及实景3维重建与点云动态可视化等相关技术,在满足隐私保护和数据安全前提下,建立“形”与“态”相融合的变电站数字孪生系统,实现变电站运行状态全感知、全生命周期数据智能管理与高效利用,变电站全业务场景智慧运行。结合数字孪生模型设计与关键技术问题的探讨,给出了一套面向工程应用的数字孪生变电站系统设计方案,重点阐述了包括变电站设备实时监测、设备故障诊断与故障预测、运维决策优化与智能反馈控制等典型的应用场景。

迁移学习模式下基于GoogLeNet网络的风电机组视觉检测

针对无人机航拍环境下拍摄角度变换、特征不显著等干扰问题,提出一种改进的GoogLeNet卷积神经网络对风电机组进行识别和定位,无需人工预选取即可自动提取风电机组类别特征。通过GoogLeNet网络构造风电机组深度特征向量,在网络模型训练过程中引入迁移学习的概念,利用风电机组图像训练已预训练的GoogLeNet网络,在加快模型训练速度的同时,能避免分类网络陷入局部最优解。并在Faster RCNN框架下采用区域建议网络和多任务损失函数将候选区域搜索和边框回归融入到网络中,实现航拍图像中风电机组的自动分类和标注,缩短数据处理时间。实验结果表明,通过迁移学习的手段,利用优化的GoogLeNet网络能改善复杂航拍环境下的目标视觉检测准确率,完成风电机组自动定位任务,基于GoogLeNet的风电机组平均准确率达到了96%以上。

基于可视化技术的曲面加工误差分析及应用

随着国民经济的迅猛发展,诸如汽车制造、船舶制造、航空航天、武器装备、电力等领域对曲面零件的制造精度和制造效率提出了越来越高的期望和要求。因此,为了保证产品的加工质量,对这类零件进行自动检测是大多数制造业中需要重点考虑的问题。针对曲面检测误差的评估问题,建立了检测误差模型,实现了可视化云图的显示和误差的统计分析;最后通过BP人工神经网络的专家系统获得数控加工所需工艺参数值,从而为进一步的数控加工提供了指导依据。

船舶操纵模拟中视景仿真的研究

视景仿真是船舶操纵模拟的核心技术之一,也是操纵仿真逼真程度的体现。我们以航海模拟试验系统为背景,阐述了开发航海模拟器的实时虚拟视景的方法,重点介绍了视景仿真中需注意的几个关键技术及其解决的方法、并提出建模的一般方法。最后根据经验提出了一些在开发中应注意的问题。视景仿真在航海模拟系统中的应用对其他应用场合也有一定的参考价值。

混合气体保护焊的熔深监测试验与分析

在进行混合气体保护焊时,为保证焊接稳定性与焊接质量,有必要通过视觉技术进行熔深的监测。对弧焊熔深监测技术进行了分析,明确了建立焊接熔深监测模型所需要解决的问题。进行了焊接试验,分析了熔深的变化情况,并将熔池监测图像与熔深值有效对应,开发了专用的软件,实现了熔池特征参数的提取与分析;利用BP神经网络建立了熔深预测模型。结果表明:焊接熔池监测图像特征参数可实现熔深预测,能够一定程度上反映出熔深的变化情况。