A Novel Three-parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis for Cell Cycle

To set up a three-parameter method for cell cycle analysis by two-laser flowcy-tometer, which can detect two types of cyclin plus DNA content in one measurement, and thatanalyze unscheduled expression of cyclins. Methods: Three-color fluorescence was used for analysisof two types of cyclins and DNA content simultaneously in individual cells by two-laser flowcytometry. MOLT-4 cells were used to study the expression of major cyclins in mammalian cells. ATriton-X100 permeabilization procedure was optimized for detection of two types of cyclins. Onecyclin was stained directly with a FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb), and the other,indirectly with RPE-Cy5-conjugated secondary antibody, while DNA was stained with the fluorochromeDAPI. mAMSA and mimosine treated MOLT-4 cells were used to test this three-parameter method.Results: Permeabilization with 0.5% Triton-XlOO in PBS containing 1% BSA for 5 min on ice providedoptimal conditions for the simultaneous labelling of two cyclins plus DNA in single cells. It wasfound that the emission spectrum of the three dyes (DAPI, FITC and RPE-Cy5) could be measured withno compensation. Based on cyclinA/cyclinE/DNA flow cytometric analysis, asynchronously growingMOLT-4 cells could be divided into 6 compartments (G1o, G1e, G1l, S, G2, and M) simultaneously,allowing for analysis of cell cycle phase specific perturbations without the necessity of cellsynchronization. Unscheduled cyclin B1 expression was observed in G1 cells treated with mimosine andcyclin E in G2 cells treated with mAMSA. We found that unscheduled cyclin expression paralleledexpected cyclin expression. Conclusion: Thus, three-color FCM analysis of cells may not only beapplied to measure unscheduled vs. expected cyclin expression but may also be used to estimate thefraction of cycling cells in up to 6 cell populations.

A three-parameter single-step time integration method for structural dynamic analysis

The existing three-parameter single-step time integration methods, such as the Generalized-a method, improve numerical dissipation by modifying equilibrium equation at time points, which cause them to lose accuracy due to the interpolation of load vectors. Moreover, these three-parameter methods do not present an available formulation applied to a general secondorder non linear differential equatio n. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an innovative three-parameter single-step method by introducing an additional variable into update equations. Although the present method is spectrally identical to the Generalized-cx method for undamped systems, it possesses higher accuracy since it strictly satisfies the equilibrium equation at time points, and can be readily used to solve nonlinear equations. By the analysis of accuracy, stability, numerical dissipation and dispersion, the optimal second-order implicit and explicit schemes are generated, which can maximize low-frequency accuracy when high-frequency dissipation is specified. To check the performance of the proposed method, several numerical experiments are conducted and the proposed method is compared with a few up-to-date methods.

Selection Method of Evaluation Indicators with Three-Parameter Interval Grey Number

The evaluation problem with three-parameter interval grey number (T-PIGN) widely exists in real world. To select effective evaluation indicators of the problem, this paper puts forward evaluation index system selection principle of T-PIGN based on distance entropy model, and gives out evaluation index system selection judgment criterion of T-PIGN. Furthermore, for the redundancy of evaluation index system with T-PIGN, a selection method of evaluation index system with T-PIGN is proposed. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is verified by concrete examples.

Two Probability Plots of the Three-Parameter Lognormal Distribution

The two-parameter lognormal distribution is a variant of the normal distribution and the three-parameter lognormal distribution is an extension of the two-parameter lognormal distribution by introducing a location parameter. The Q-Q plot of the three-parameter lognormal distribution is widely used. To obtain the Q-Q plot one needs to iteratively try different values of the shape parameter and subjectively judge the linearity of the Q-Q plot. In this paper,a mathematical method was proposed to determine the value of the shape parameter so as to simplify the generation of the Q-Q plot. Then a new probability plot was proposed,which was more easily obtained and provided more accurate parameter estimates than the Q-Q plot. These are illustrated by three realworld examples.

An Optimal Policy with Quadratic Demand, Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Deterioration Rate, Shortages and Salvage Value

The present paper focuses an optimal policy of an inventory model for deteriorating items with generalized demand rate and deterioration rate. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The salvage value is included into deteriorated units. The main objective of the model is to minimize the total cost by optimizing the value of the shortage point, cycle length and order quantity. A numerical example is carried out to illustrate the model and sensitivity analyses of major parameters are discussed.

Study on Prediction Method of Structural Three-parameter Power Function P-S-N Curve

This paper applies weighted least square method to estimate the three-parameter power function equation of the fatigue life curve, and uses comprehensive fatigue life coefficient to correct the equation, and at the same time combines probability statistics method to bring out the prediction method of structure＇s three- parameter power function P-S-N curve, finally applies the prediction method to a ship＇s frame-type elevate, based on the fatigue test data of it＇s material-SA06 aluminium alloy, to obtain it＇s structure＇s three-parameter power function P-S-N curve. Compared with the conventional least square method, the presented method can give

Hypothesis testing for reliability with a three-parameter Weibull distribution using minimum weighted relative entropy norm and bootstrap

With the help of relative entropy theory,norm theory,and bootstrap methodology,a new hypothesis testing method is proposed to verify reliability with a three-parameter Weibull distribution.Based on the relative difference information of the experimental value vector to the theoretical value vector of reliability,six criteria of the minimum weighted relative entropy norm are established to extract the optimal information vector of the Weibull parameters in the reliability experiment of product lifetime.The rejection region used in the hypothesis testing is deduced via the area of intersection set of the estimated truth-value function and its confidence interval function of the three-parameter Weibull distribution.The case studies of simulation lifetime,helicopter component failure,and ceramic material failure indicate that the proposed method is able to reflect the practical situation of the reliability experiment.

Dynamic Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis on Three-Parameter Interval Grey Number of Upper(Lower)Deviation Quasi-Normal Distribution

Aiming at the dynamic multi-attribute decision making problem where the weight of each decision stage and attribute weight are completely unknown and the attribute value is unknown distributed three-parameter interval grey number,a threeparameter interval grey number dynamic multiattribute grey target decision making method with attribute value following quasi-normal distribution is proposed.Firstly,the position relationship between the“center of gravity”point and the kernel of the threeparameter interval grey number is discussed.According to the characteristicthat the attribute value obeys the quasi-normal distribution,anew weight isgiventothe“centerof gravity”point,and a new distance measure formula of the three-parameter interval grey number is defined.Secondly,according to the principle of maximum entropy,the objective programming model is constructed to determine the stage weight and attributeweight.Then,the schemes aresorted according to thesize of the comprehensive bull's-eye distance Finally an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the decision model.

Lithium-ion cell inconsistency analysis based on three-parameter Weibull probability model

The inconsistency of lithium-ion cells degrades battery performance,lifetime and even safety.The complexity of the cell reaction mechanism causes an irregular asymmetrical distribution of various cell parameters,such as capacity and internal resistance,among others.In this study,the Newman electrochemical model was used to simulate the 1 C discharge curves of 100 LiMn2 O4 pouch cells with parameter variations typically produced in manufacturing processes,and the three-parameter Weibull probability model was used to analyze the dispersion and symmetry of the resulting discharge voltage distributions.The results showed that the dispersion of the voltage distribution was related to the rate of decrease in the discharge voltage,and the symmetry was related to the change in the rate of voltage decrease.The effect of the cells’capacity dominated the voltage distribution thermodynamically during discharge,and the phase transformation process significantly skewed the voltage distribution.The effects of the ohmic drop and polarization voltage on the voltage distribution were primarily kinetic.The presence of current returned the right-skewed voltage distribution caused by phase transformation to a more symmetrical distribution.Thus,the Weibull parameters elucidated the electrochemical behavior during the discharge process,and this method can guide the prediction and control of cell inconsistency,as well as detection and control strategies for cell management systems.

面向足底压力优化的全接触矫形鞋垫设计

为优化足底压力分布、降低足底峰值压力,提出一种基于三维足部模型的全接触矫形鞋垫参数化设计方法。以足底压力数据为基础,结合三维晶格结构分析,对鞋垫的减压结构进行优化。首先,利用足部三维扫描模型,通过Grasshopper插件平台开发全接触鞋垫模型参数化设计流程,实现全接触鞋垫的个性化设计。其次,在Abaqus环境下,对TPU材质的六种常见三维立方晶格结构进行能量吸收效率的分析,计算不同填充率下“金刚石”晶格结构的有效弹性模量,评估不同晶格结构在吸收足底压力时的性能,为减压结构的选择提供科学依据。然后,利用图像采样算法提取足底压力较大的区域,选择相应的有效弹性模量结构进行填充,完成全接触矫形鞋垫优化设计,并通过仿真分析对比优化前后矫形鞋垫的减压性能。最后,通过静态和动态足底压力测量实验,证明基于足形和三维减压结构设计的个性化矫形鞋垫可以有效优化足底压力分布、卸载足底压力峰值和提高足部稳定性。

BIM技术在市政大型污水输送管线设计中的应用

大型污水管线是城市排水体系的重要组成部分,在市政道路下管线错综复杂的情况下利用建筑信息模型(BIM)技术对复杂的地下管线进行了三维建模,将二维图纸内容合并于一个模型中,直观展现地下管线的相互关系,有利于设计、施工相互交流、沟通,确保交底顺利进行。文章以南干线改造工程为例,通过模型构建、参数化、协同设计、碰撞交叉检查等方法对大型污水管线与BIM结合应用进行了研究,采用模型化的分析手段,有效提高市政给排水管线设计工作过程模块化工作的容错率,进一步提高工程效率。

非标设备参数化设计的研究与应用

随着数字化交付时代的到来,很多重要的油气田地面工程项目都要求进行数字化交付,完成全站场的三维模型建立。其中油气田非标设备种类多,零部件多,装配关系复杂,建模难度大。为了提高非标设备的建模效率,利用C#语言对SolidWorks进行二次开发,首先通过建立参数化零部件、后端数据库、前段界面及后台程序设计,实现设备零部件参数化;进而根据设计实际装配情况并应用基于C#的SolidWorks自动装配语句,实现参数化的零部件在设备上的自动装配,完成非标设备参数化建模。结果表明:应用非标设备参数化软件开发的成果,设备建模效率提高3~5倍。此外,在设备参数化完成的基础上,对设备参数化的数据进行加工处理,并对设备模型转工程图出图进行有针对性的二次开发,尤其是尺寸的自动标注,将实现设备模型转工程图自动出图,自动出图的实现将会大幅提高非标设备的出图设计效率。

一种解决三区间数回归的混合PM方法

为了解决现有PM方法应用于三区间数回归模型时难以保证数学一致性及回归区间和观测区间之间存在的相交性问题,文章构建一种用于回归区间上下界的PM方法和用于回归最有可能值点非参数化方法的混合回归模型,通过添加“回归区间上界≥回归最有可能值≥回归区间下界”这一约束条件来确保区间数据的数学一致性,并通过限制“回归区间上界≥观测区间下界且观测区间上界≥回归区间下界”来确保区间相交性。基于K-T方程组讨论回归系数的解析表达式。蒙特卡洛模拟结果表明:与CCRM+模型相比,混合回归模型具有更好的回归效果,PCO平均提高了121%,N0平均降低了89%。在观测数据波动更大的多元回归中,混合回归模型也具有更好的回归效果。

平面闸门全过程三维参数化设计及应用

针对目前闸门设计中存在设计质量不稳定、设计周期长、重复工作量大等问题,基于全过程三维参数化设计理念,依据设计规范和手册,提出了一种闸门全过程三维参数化设计方法,即在同一平台Workbench通过编写相应程序实现平面闸门结构的三维参数化几何建模、空间结构分析和工程出图。工程应用结果表明,该方法可使闸门结构由平面设计过渡到空间设计,设计过程更加直观形象,提高了设计的质量和效率,减少了设计过程中因设计变更产生的重复性工作量。

基于BIM的超大跨度空间网壳结构场馆三维激光扫描生成方法

受网壳结构场馆跨度大小的影响,导致激光扫描图像空间轴与真实场景图像坐标轴之间的偏离程度较大,为保证扫描图像能准确、真实地反映网壳结构场馆的空间布局形式,提出基于BIM的超大跨度空间网壳结构场馆三维激光扫描生成方法。根据BIM建模原则实施Revit族参数化处理,再联合相关参数指标完成基于BIM的超大跨度空间网壳结构场馆建模。按照点云匹配条件连接提取得到的特征线段,通过解算激光点坐标的方式,确定扫描图像中的激光点布局形式,完成超大跨度空间网壳结构场馆三维激光扫描图像生成。实验结果表明:BIM建模方法可将扫描图像空间轴与真实场景图像坐标轴之间的偏离程度控制在5%以内,能够较好地反映超大跨度网壳结构场馆的空间布局形式。

基于Pro/E的有序抛秧机三维参数化造型设计

有序抛秧机是一种将水稻钵苗按一定行株距抛入田间的机具,传统的设计方法是利用平面二维图表示,不直观,不便于修改。应用P ro/E软件进行抛秧机三维参数化造型设计,通过改变尺寸参数可以方便地改变和修改零件的形状,直观地观察和分析整个机具的外形、零件间的相互位置关系,从三维造型可自动生成平面二维图纸,用于生产与加工。

挖泥船绞刀的三维建模方法

分析绞吸式挖泥船绞刀的结构及工作原理,介绍在Pro／E环境下生成三维模型中的内外轮廓线方法,缩短绞刀设计周期,为后续分析绞刀切削性能提供方便。

3-D consistency dynamic constitutive model of concrete

Based on the consistency-viscoplastic constitutive model,the static William-Warnke model with three-parameters is modified and a consistency-viscoplastic William-Warnke model with three-parameters is developed that considers the effect of strain rates. Then,the tangent modulus of the consistency viscoplastic model is introduced and an implicit backward Elure iterative algorithm is developed. Comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental data show that the consistency model properly provides the uniaxial and biaxial dynamic behaviors of concrete. To study the effect of strain rates on the dynamic response of concrete structures,the proposed model is used in the analysis of the dynamic response of a simply-supported beam and the results show that the strain rate has a significant effect on the displacement and stress magnitudes and distributions. Finally,the seismic responses of a 278 m high arch dam are obtained and compared by using the linear elastic model,as well as rate-independent and rate-dependent William-Warnke three-parameter models. The results indicate that the strain rate affects the first principal stresses,and the maximal equivalent viscoplastic strain rate of the arch dam. Numerical calculations and analyses reveal that considering the strain rate is important in the safety assessments of arch dams located in seismically active areas.

基于BIM的长距离引调水工程三维参数化智能设计研究及应用

为了摆脱以往三维设计中效率低下的重复性工作,提高长距离引调水工程三维设计的水平和效率,从建筑物建模之初就融入参数化设计理念。首先建立引调水工程典型建筑物BIM模型,再基于组件对象技术(COM)与Inventor API(应用程序接口)技术,采用C#编程语言开发出一套基于C/S框架的三维参数化智能设计平台。通过研究引调水工程的BIM标准化关键技术,建立存储各类模型及其信息的数据库,并对Navisworks可视化仿真软件进行二次开发,融合基于云平台的协同设计技术,实现工程图纸的高效快速生成、施工进度仿真以及协同办公等功能。该系统已经应用于某长距离引调水工程中且效果显著,应用前景广泛。

外注式单体液压支柱参数化建模与仿真

根据单体液压支柱在普采面支护的应用实践,建立了单体液压支柱恒阻阶段的Simulink仿真模型和支撑阶段的SimHydraulics参数化仿真模型,完成了计算机仿真。用提取压力仿真曲线坐标值的方法,求取了密闭系统的性能参数,安全阀开启压力和回柱特性仿真曲线符合工程实际。其工程指导意义是:单体液压支柱设计要提高安全阀的开启流量,改善乳化液的通流作用,回柱时要轻转卸载手把。所提出的参数化通用建模方法,可以方便地对各种类型的液压缸或液压支架立柱进行数学建模或参数化仿真建模,得到的仿真结果能够为系统的设计、稳定性判定和参数设定等提供理论依据。