Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice

There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen （N） on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level （150 kg N ha^-1, 150N）, grain yield decreased （by 21.07-26.07%） under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading （BH） compared with the no shading （NS） treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading （AH）, grain yield also decreased （by 9.46-10.60%） due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N （300 kg N ha^-1, 300N） could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight （T99） was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18-5.91% in 150N BH. In 150N AH, the grain weight was 13.39-13.92% lower than that in 150N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate （GRmean and GRmax）. In inferior grains, grain weight and GRmean had a tendency of 150N NS〉150N BH〉150N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300N decreased the grain weight due to lower GReen both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150N BH and 150N AH. Shading with the high level of 300N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.

Combination of two-hour post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography amylase levels and cannulation times is useful for predicting post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

AIM To estimate the efficacy of 2 h post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) serum amylase levels and other factors for predicting postERCP pancreatitis.METHODS This was a retrospective,single-center cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent ERCP from January 2010 to December 2013.Serum amylase levels were measured 2 h post-procedure,and patient- and procedure-related pancreatitis(PEP) risk factors wereanalyzed using a logistic model.RESULTS A total of 1520 cases(average age 72 ± 12 years,60% male) were initially enrolled in this study,and 1403 cases(725 patients) were ultimately analyzed after the exclusion of 117 cases.Fifty-five of these cases developed PEP.We established a 2 h serum amylase cutoff level of two times the upper limit of normal for predicting PEP.Multivariate analysis revealed that a cannulation time of more than 13 min [odds ratio(OR) 2.28,95%CI:1.132-4.651,P=0.0210] and 2 h amylase levels greater than the cutoff level(OR=24.1,95%CI:11.56-57.13,P<0.0001) were significant predictive factors for PEP.Forty-seven of the 55 patients who developed PEP exhibited 2 h amylase levels greater than the cutoff level(85%),and six of the remaining eight patients who developed PEP(75%) required longer cannulation times.Only 2 of the 1403 patients(0.14%) who developed PEP did not exhibit concerning 2 h amylase levels or require longer cannulation times.CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the combination of 2 h post-ERCP serum amylase levels and cannulation times represents a valuable marker for identifying patients at high risk for PEP.

Stochastic network equilibrium model with reliable travel time confidence level

In order to ensure on-time arrival when travelersmake their trips, the stochastic network assignment modelunder uncertainty of travel time is investigated. First, basedon travelers＇ route choice behavior, the reliable travel timeconfidence level （RTTCL）, which is the probability that a triparrives within the shortest average travel time plus theacceptable travel time difference, is defined. Then, areliability-based user equilibrium （RUE） model, whichhypothesizes that for each OD pair no traveler can improvehis/her RTTCL by unilaterally changing routes, is built.Since the traditional traffic assignment algorithms are notfeasible to solve the RUE model, a quasi method of successiveaverage （QMSA） is developed. Using Nguyen-Dupuis andSioux Falls networks, the model and the algorithm are tested.The results show that the QMSA algorithm can rapidlyconverge to a high accuracy for solving the proposed RUEmodel, and the RUE model can provide a good response totravelers＇ behavior in the stochastic network.

A DISCRETE TIME TWO-LEVEL MIXED SERVICE PARALLEL POLLING MODEL

We present a discrete time single-server two-level mixed service polling systems with two queue types, one center queue and N normal queues. Two-level means the center queue will be successive served after each normal queue. In the first level, server visits between the center queue and the normal queue. In the second level, normal queues are polled by a cyclic order. Mixed service means the service discipline are exhaustive for center queue, and parallel 1-limited for normal queues. We propose an imbedded Markov chain framework to drive the closed-form expressions for the mean cycle time, mean queue length, and mean waiting time. Numerical examples demonstrate that theoretical and simulation results are identical the new system efficiently differentiates priorities.

Real-time Assessment of Cytosolic, Mitochondrial, and Nuclear Calcium Levels Change in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells during Pulsed Microwave Exposure Using a Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator

Little information is available about the effects of exposure to pulsed microwaves on neuronal Ca^2＋ signaling under non-thermal conditions. In this study, rat pheochromocytoma （PC12） cells were exposed to pulsed microwaves for 6 min at a specific absorption rate （SAR） of 4 W/kg to assess possible real-time effects. During microwave exposure, free calcium dynamics in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus of cells were monitored by time-lapse microfluorimetry using a genetically encoded calcium indicator （ratiometric-pericam, ratiometric-10ericam-mt,

On Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Using Wavelet Time-division Scale Level Moment

Based on an in-depth study of wavelet gray moment, we proposed a concept of a time-division scale level moment and gave the specific definition; ulteriorly, we discussed the factors which affected the fault diagnosis ability of a time-division scale level moment. The analysis results in the caculation of six typical fault signals show that the time-division scale level moment can be used to display the detailed information of a wavelet gray level image, extract the signal＇s characteristics effectively, and distinguish the vibration fault. Compared to the method of a wave gray moment vector, the method mentioned in this paper can provide higher calculation speed and higher capacity of fault identification, so it is more suitable for online fault diagnosis for rotating machinery.

Real-time State Monitoring During Switching Mode Transitions in High Power Three-level Inverters

大功率多电平逆变器近年来在实际工业生产中得到越来越广泛的应用。多电平逆变器由于结构复杂,采用元器件较多,因此在设计和实验中,实现各个工作状态下运行参数的同步监测和分析较为困难。本文针对大功率三电平逆变器,实现开关动态特性的在线测试,在此基础上,进一步研究三电平逆变器在开关状态变化时理论与实际负载运行工况下电路拓扑的转换变化规律。通过全电路电气参数和元器件状态的实时监测,发现在三电平逆变器非正常运行状态下开关转换时额外电应力,同时,深入研究在实际工况运行条件非正常状态下该额外电应力出现的机理和原因,为三电平逆变器的故障诊断提供了参考,对于设计高可靠性的多电平逆变器系统有一定的理论和现实意义。

资源类型对绿色消费的影响:时间还是金钱更有效?

时间与金钱是两种重要的资源类型,人们在绿色消费的过程中不可避免地会受到这两种资源对认知思维和决策行为的影响。然而,目前对于资源类型影响绿色消费行为的具体机制仍不明确。本研究将时间与金钱引发的认知差异引入绿色消费,一方面,基于解释水平理论与人类价值观,分析了时间资源如何促进绿色消费,以及金钱资源如何抑制绿色消费。另一方面,分别从个体、企业以及产品层面出发,结合实验法探究时间与金钱资源影响绿色消费的边界条件,并引入情绪响应水平、环保自我担当以及感知产品有效性作为中介变量,构建资源类型影响绿色消费的理论模型。研究结论将有助于发挥时间与金钱资源在促进绿色消费过程中的积极作用,同时也为企业利用资源线索引导绿色消费提供了新的思路。

多尺度视角下浙江省农村电商发展水平时空差异及其影响因素

从淘宝电商经济、乡村经济环境、电商经济支撑、电商服务保障4个维度构建指标体系,运用综合评价法、探索性空间数据分析(exploring spatial data analysis,ESDA)法,从省、市、县、乡镇4种尺度对浙江省农村电商发展水平的时空分异规律进行探索,并运用空间回归分析法进行影响因素分析。研究表明:(1)从省域尺度看,浙江省农村电商水平处于全国第一梯队且引领示范作用明显,在时间上表现为“快-稳-快”的增长趋势。江浙沪区域,在空间上与周边沿海城市产生了“近朱者赤”的高-高集聚效果。(2)从市域尺度看,高水平区主要分布在杭州市、宁波市、嘉兴市、台州市和温州市,并在沿海地区形成正向集聚,金华市、绍兴市和湖州市集聚效应相对不高,靠近江西省的外围区城市发展水平相对较低。(3)从县域尺度看,高水平区主要分布在两处,一处是以杭州市、宁波市、义乌市为支点的中北部区域,另一处是在以温州市、台州市为支撑的东南部集聚片区。低水平区主要分布在浙西南地区并产生了低值集聚效应,形成塌陷区。(4)从乡镇尺度看,淘宝村集聚区与市域、县域尺度类似,主要分布在浙中北地区和浙东南沿海一带,内部的专业化组织、临近扩散效应明显,而在浙西、浙西南外围区发育不佳。高、较高水平淘宝村在浙北、浙中、浙东南地区分别形成了以五金电器、小家电和服装皮草业为核心的“一主两副”3个核心区。(5)从影响因素看,市、县尺度均表现为创新人才、经济支撑等指标的正向影响和工业水平的负向影响突出,县域尺度主要受工业和批发零售业共同作用,乡镇尺度下淘宝村的集聚水平与成长基础更具解释性。

Relativistic Reduction of the Electron-Nucleus Force in Bohr’s Hydrogen Atom and the Time of Electron Transition between the Neighbouring Quantum Energy Levels

The aim of the paper is to get an insight into the time interval of electron emission done between two neighbouring energy levels of the hydrogen atom. To this purpose, in the first step, the formulae of the special relativity are applied to demonstrate the conditions which can annihilate the electrostatic force acting between the nucleus and electron in the atom. This result is obtained when a suitable electron speed entering the Lorentz transformation is combined with the strength of the magnetic field acting normally to the electron orbit in the atom. In the next step, the Maxwell equation characterizing the electromotive force is applied to calculate the time interval connected with the change of the magnetic field necessary to produce the force. It is shown that the time interval obtained from the Maxwell equation, multiplied by the energy change of two neighbouring energy levels considered in the atom, does satisfy the Joule-Lenz formula associated with the quantum electron energy emission rate between the levels.

浅谈B1B2涂装工艺高外观清漆的应用

介绍了涂装车身鲜映性的影响因素,主要通过提高清漆的流挂极限及流平时间来改善外观质量。

《民法典》第1221条(“当时的医疗水平”作为注意义务标准)评注

《民法典》第1221条规定了医疗技术损害责任,其核心概念是“当时的医疗水平”。该概念自从在《侵权责任法》第57条中首次出现以来,一直存在争议。日本、德国及英美法的经验表明,应当从一般注意义务的角度来理解“当时的医疗水平”。对于“当时的医疗水平”的判断,有必要正确认识诊疗规范的效力差异,强制性诊疗规范本身就是注意义务,而权威性及参考性诊疗规范都只是判断医疗注意义务的重要依据,而非唯一标准。考察“当时的医疗水平”时,应当遵循一般的过错理论,主要的判断步骤可以依次划分为:正确认识诊疗规范的作用、尊重少数人的观点、提高对于预防与避免风险的注意要求、考虑医疗资源配置的差异性影响、谨慎审查医师的自由裁量权。

A Water Level Forecast of Pattani River in the Southern of Thailand by Deep Learning

Nowadays, the deep learning methods are widely applied to analyze and predict the trend of various disaster events and offer the alternatives to make the appropriate decisions. These support the water resource management and the short-term planning. In this paper, the water levels of the Pattani River in the Southern of Thailand have been predicted every hour of 7 days forecast. Time Series Transformer and Linear Regression were applied in this work. The results of both were the water levels forecast that had the high accuracy. Moreover, the water levels forecasting dashboard was developed for using to monitor the water levels at the Pattani River as well.

基于多维空间的航路利用率

航路利用率表征了空域中航路的利用情况,通过计算航路利用率可以实现对空域资源进行更合理、高效的利用。为了更加准确地计算给定时间段内固定航路的利用率,通过构建抽象的三维空间,提出了一种基于多维空间的航路利用率计算方法。在考虑时间和空间两个角度之间的相互联系有了突破,从时间、航路、高度层三个维度建立航路时空利用率计算模型计算航路时空利用率,结合航路容量利用率,从时间、空间、容量三个角度出发,建立了航路利用率计算模型。最后通过算例分析计算得到某一空域四条航路的利用率。

妊娠晚期会阴按摩联合凯格尔运动在初产妇经阴道分娩中的应用效果

目的探究妊娠晚期会阴按摩联合凯格尔运动在初产妇经阴道分娩中的应用效果。方法选取2023年7月至2024年3月的68例初产妇作为此次研究对象,应用随机数字表法,将68例初产妇分为对照组(30例)与观察组(30例)。对照组妊娠晚期采用常规干预措施,观察组妊娠晚期采用会阴按摩联合凯格尔运动,对比两组的产程时间、疼痛程度、会阴损伤情况以及临床相关指标。结果观察组第一产程、第二产程以及第三产程时间、VAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组会阴损伤程度对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组会阴出血量、产后下床活动时间均低于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论妊娠晚期会阴按摩联合凯格尔运动可显著改善初产妇产程时间以及疼痛程度,同时可改善患者会阴出血量、产后下床活动时间以及新生儿Apgar评分。

GH基因和IGF-1基因在不同年龄牦牛器官/组织中表达的研究

为了探究GH基因和IGF-1基因在不同年龄牦牛器官/组织中的表达水平,试验采用实时荧光定量(qPCR)方法检测不同年龄(0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5岁)牦牛肝脏、心脏、股肌、背最长肌和腰大肌中GH基因和IGF-1基因的表达水平。结果表明:两个基因在不同年龄牦牛5种器官/组织中均有表达。其中GH基因在0.5岁牦牛群体的肝脏、股肌、心脏组织中表达水平显著高于腰大肌和背最长肌(P<0.05),在1.5岁牦牛群体的肝脏、心脏、腰大肌中显著高于股肌和背最长肌(P<0.05)。在4个生长阶段中,肝脏组织中IGF-1基因的表达水平显著高于股肌、心脏、腰大肌、背最长肌(P<0.05),且随着年龄的增长有下降的趋势;2.5岁牦牛群体的IGF-1基因在股肌中的表达水平显著高于肝脏、心脏、腰大肌、背最长肌(P<0.05)。说明GH基因和IGF-1基因主要作用于幼年牦牛;在肝脏中表达水平最高,且随着年龄的增长其表达水平逐渐下降。

基于时变控制水位的供水管网优化调度

城市供水管网运行的优化调度对于实现系统节能降耗至关重要。针对传统方法寻优效果差、实用性不高的问题,引入基于水塔时变控制水位的调度规则,在含多水塔的供水管网内探究最经济的多泵站联合调度机制。选用分时水泵状态、固定水塔水位和时变水塔水位为决策变量,分别构建电费最低且水压冗余度最低的多目标优化调度模型,采用第二代非支配排序遗传算法求解。结果表明:基于时变控制水位的调度规则更具经济效益,至少节约4.93%的成本;与分时调度计划相比,优化求解更高效,在非固定时段内实现运行状态的灵活切换;相较于固定控制水位,采取更低的控制水位下界,能有效降低高峰电价时段的水塔蓄存量。

双层石墨烯手性超表面实现圆二色性及其动态调控研究

针对石墨烯手性超表面的研究主要集中在中红外波段,而在太赫兹波段的器件研究相对较少,以及石墨烯非本征结构产生的圆二色性不足的问题,根据石墨烯的特性设计了一种双层石墨烯手性超表面结构。该结构的上下两层石墨烯图案存在一定的夹角,通过调整这个夹角大小和中间层二氧化硅的厚度,研究了超表面结构的圆二色性。此外,还通过改变石墨烯的费米能级和弛豫时间,分析了超表面结构的动态调谐能力。仿真结果表明:该超表面结构能够在太赫兹频段实现圆二色性,并且具备动态调谐的能力。

微光像增强器光晕消失时间测试方法

光晕(halo)效应对微光像增强器探测的应用造成了不利影响且不可避免。微光像增强器的光晕消失时间缺乏测试方法,因此提出了基于数字目视的光晕消失时间测试系统。该系统通过开关电源给LED光源提供频率为25 Hz、占空比可调的脉冲信号,利用高帧率相机连续采集1500张像增强器经直径为3.5 mm小孔后的图像,其中包含若干个完整的明暗周期。通过重复计算标准差,去除偏离平均值的周期序列来优化周期信息,获得亮暗周期内光源熄灭的图片索引,同理可获得光晕消失的图片数量,从而计算得到光晕消失时间。编号为GZ318118A的像增强器光晕消失时间为3.33 ms。测试结果表明,测量装置的重复性为0.863%,可以对光晕消失时间进行有效测试。