Attitudes towards pain management in hospitalized cancer patients and their influencing factors

Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaires, Pain Management Barriers Questionnaire-Taiwan form（BQT）, and Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to 363 pairs of hospitalized cancer patients and their caregivers from the oncology departments of 7 hospitals in Beijing, China.Results： The average patient score for attitudes towards pain management was 2.96±0.49. The dimension scores indicated good attitudes in three areas（scores 〈2.5）, ＂Desire to be good＂（2.22±1.04）, ＂Fatalism＂（2.08±0.81） and＂Religious fatalism＂（1.86±1.00）, and poor attitudes in six areas（scores ≥2.5）, ＂Tolerance＂（3.83±0.96）, ＂Use of analgesics as needed（p.r.n.）＂（3.73±1.01）, ＂Addiction＂（3.44±1.05）, ＂Disease progression＂（3.28±1.26）, ＂Distraction of physicians＂（3.16±1.07） and ＂Side effects＂（2.99±0.68）. Two factors were entered into the regression equation：the caregivers＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and the patients＇ pain knowledge. These two factors explained 23.2% of the total variance in the patients＇ average scores for their attitudes towards cancer pain management.Conclusions： The patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management were poor and could be influenced by the caregivers＇ attitudes and the patients＇ pain knowledge, and thus need to be improved.

基于意象图式的介词towards的隐喻认知

英语介词用法灵活,含义多变,一直是语言教学中的难点。本文以认知语言学中相关理论为指导,通过对《朗文当代高级英语辞典》(第5版)中towards的义项分析,试图探讨其多义形成的认知机制。发现towards的其他义项是由空间域向时间、关系、目的域映射的结果。该研究有助于学习者从认知层面对英语介词进行深刻理解,并为传统英语介词教学提供新思路。

Authentic Existence in Being-toward-Death:A Heideggerian Interpretation on Harry’s Death in“The Snows of Kilimanjaro”

From the existential perspective of Martin Heidegger's theory on death, this paper analyses the protagonist Harry's death in Hemingway's story"The Snows of Kilimanjaro", pointing out that facing directly with his own Being-toward-Death makes him realize his previous life is lost in the inauthentic easiness, and his authentic possibility of being is embedded in writing as a writer.

Modifiable determinants of attitude towards dengue vaccination among healthy inhabitants of Aceh,Indonesia:Findings from a community-based survey

Objective:To explore and understand the attitude towards dengue vaccination and its modifiable determinants among inhabitants of Aceh(northern Sumatra Island,Indonesia),the region that was most severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004.Methods:A communitybased,cross-sectional study was conducted among 535 healthy inhabitants in nine regencies(Kabupaten or Kotamadya) of Aceh that were selected randomly from November 2014 to March 2015.A set of validated,pre-tested,structured questionnaires was used to guide the interviews.The questionnaires covered a range of explanatory variables and one outcome variable(attitude to dengue vaccination).Multi-step logistic regression analysis and Spearman's rank correlation were used to test the role of explanatory variables for the outcome variable.Results:More than 70%of the participants had a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination.Modifiablc determinants associated with poor attitude to dengue vaccination were low education level,working as farmers and traditional market traders,low socioeconomic status and poor knowledge,attitude and practice regarding dengue fever(P<0.05).The KAP domain scores were correlated strongly with attitude to dengue vaccination,r_s=0.25,r_S=0.67 and r_s=0.20,respectively(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis found that independent predictors associated with attitude towards dengue vaccination among study participants were only sex and attitude towards dengue fever(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study reveals that low KAP regarding dengue fever,low education level and low socioeconomic status are associated with a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination.Therefore,inhabitants of suburbs who are working as larmers or traditional market traders with low socioeconomic status are the most appropriate target group for a dengue vaccine introduction program.

An off-and-towards-equilibrium strategy for vibrational control of structures

Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.

Empirical Study on the Empowerment of Families Raising Children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities in Japan: The Association with Positive Feelings towards Child Rearing

Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.

Lipid mediators of inflammation in neurological injury： shifting the balance toward resolution

Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult（removing offending factors）and restoring structure and function of the brain（establish homeostasis）.The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital,since chronic inflammation

On Jane Eyre's Character and Her Attitude towards Love

The novel Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte.Through the hard life of Jane Eyre,especially her fare in love,the novel shows a new attitude towards love and a new moral standard.The author emphasizes Jane's inner heart and her special character,giving Jane a unique charm and a fascinating power.Many scholars have studied on Jane Eyre's character and her attitude towards love.This paper firstly analyses her character,which is self-contemptuous,self-esteemed and rebellious,then emphasizes on discussing Jane's attitude towards love.At last,it comments on the whole article.

奈达翻译理论新解——奈达代表作书名Toward a Science of Translating的名与实

奈达代表作书名Toward a Science of Translating译成"翻译科学探索"引起译论界高度的关注和激烈争论。译文"翻译科学探索"中的两个词——"翻译科学"和"探索",都值得很好的商榷。Toward a Science of Translating的真正含义是"迈向翻译学"。

We Live on a Small Space Comet: The Third Extraordinary Motion of Earth towards the North Pole and Its Various Effects

The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibrations of traffic, and we listed successive scientific confirmations to indicate the rotation of the planet in a regular movement around its axis once every 24 hours, and it is running in another second movement around the sun once every 365¼ days, so are they only two movements, no more?! Is it possible for him to run at a regular speed in an additional direction?

Youngor's big step towards American style casual wear

Aiming to achieve market integration together with European classic style and Chinese business style 130 years ago,Hart brothers established a men＇s wear company-Hart Schaffner Marx,and accordingly,a classic American brand was born in Chicago in the United States.For 130 years,it has enjoyed countless glory,always standing in the forefront of American fashion,and the 44th president of the United States Barack Obama was

丁苯酞联合多奈哌齐对老年帕金森病患者自主神经功能、认知功能及血清神经导向因子-1水平的影响

目的 探讨丁苯酞联合多奈哌齐对老年帕金森病患者自主神经功能、认知功能及血清神经导向因子-1(neuron towards axon guidance factor-1,Netrin-1)水平的影响。方法 选取135例老年帕金森病患者,按照治疗方法分为多奈哌齐组(采用多奈哌齐治疗)、丁苯酞组(采用丁苯酞治疗)和联合组(采用丁苯酞联合多奈哌齐治疗),每组45例,比较3组的疗效及患者治疗前、后的自主神经功能、血清Netrin-1水平的变化情况。结果 联合组的总有效率为91.11%(41/45),较多奈哌齐组的73.33%(33/45)及丁苯酞组的75.56%(34/45)明显升高(P<0.05);治疗后联合组患者的帕金森综合评定量表(unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale,UPDRS)、帕金森症状评分(Wechsler intelligence scale,Webster)均较治疗前降低,且较多奈哌齐组及丁苯酞组降低得更加明显(P<0.05);自主神经功能、认知功能及智力状况等方面比较,治疗后联合组的患者自主神经症状量表(the scales for outcomes in parkinson’s disease-autonomic,SCOPT-AUT)评分低于多奈哌齐组及丁苯酞组(P<0.05),认知功能评估量表(montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)及简易智力量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分均高于多奈哌齐组及丁苯酞组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合组的血清Netrin-1、脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)水平均高于多奈哌齐组及丁苯酞组(P<0.05)。结论 帕金森患者进行丁苯酞联合多奈哌齐治疗,可修复自主神经功能,升高血清Netrin-1水平,安全性高,具有临床推广价值。

情感越多越好吗?——直播商务中主播情感诉求双重影响研究

情感诉求是直播商务中广受主播和商家追捧的营销策略,然而鉴于情感对于个体行为决策影响的复杂性,因此主播情感诉求对消费者购买行为的影响结果和机理尚不明确。为解决这一问题,本文通过真实直播商务数据和行为实验结合的方式构建了主播情感双重影响模型。研究一获取了3万余条分钟级主播语言内容以及真实购买行为数据,运用文本情感挖掘和计量模型的方法,分析了直播商务中主播情感与消费行为之间的关系,结果发现情感与营销效果并非呈正线性关系,而是呈“倒U型”关系。为进一步探究非线性关系产生的内在机制,研究二运用行为学实验的方法,再次验证主播情感对消费者购买意愿的非线性影响,并进一步探讨情感如何通过积极和消极双重力量影响消费者购买。研究发现,主播情感诉求一方面会带来积极影响,即有利于消费者对主播态度的提升,进而带来高购买意愿;另一方面主播情感诉求也会带来消极影响,即不利于消费者对产品的信息识别,进而负向影响其购买意愿。进一步地,研究发现这一双重影响会受到产品类型的调节:对于享乐型产品,主播情感诉求带来的负向影响不再显著,但对实用型产品而言,情感诉求的双重影响依旧显著。

Therapeutic Efficacy Observation on Point-toward-point Acupuncture Combined with Herbs Iontophoresis for Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of point-toward-point acupuncture combined with herbs iontophoresis in treating knee osteoarthritis. Methods： A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each. Patients in the treatment group received point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment; while those in the control group were only treated by point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle. Clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results： The total effective rate was 92.0% in the treatment group, versus 82.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈O.05）. Conclusion： The point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment for knee osteoarthritis has a significant effect.

Sensing behavior of BN nanosheet toward nitrous oxide: A DFT study

In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N2O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N2O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that unlike the pristine sheet, the Al-doped sheet can effectively interact with the N2O molecule so that its electronic properties and conductivity are dramatically changed. We believe that replacing a B atom of the BN sheet with an Al atom may be a good strategy for improving the sensitivity of these nanosheets toward N2O, which cannot be trapped and detected by the pristine sheet.

Therapeutic Observation of Point-towards-point Electroacupuncture for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacies of point-towards-point electroacupuncture(EA), EA with Jiaji points(EX-B 2), and Jing Fu Kang in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR), and to explore the optimal treatment protocol. Methods: Totally 160 patients with CSR were randomized into three groups: a point-towards-point group(n=60) treated with EA with point-towards-point method; a Jiaji group(n=60) treated with EA at cervical Jiaji(EX-B 2) points; a medicine group(n=40) treated with oral administration of Jing Fu Kang alone. The clinical efficacies were compared afterwards. Results: After treatment, the recovery rate and total effective rate of the point-towards-point group were significantly better than that of the Jiaji group and medicine group(both P<0.01). After 1-week treatment, the symptom and function score of the point-towards-point group was significantly better than that of the Jiaji group and medicine group(both P<0.01); the point-towards-point group and Jiaji group both achieved significant improvements in the symptom and function score(P<0.01, P<0.05). After 2-week treatment, the three groups all achieved marked improvements in the symptom and function score(P<0.01). At the end of treatment, in comparing the symptom and function score, the point-towards-point group was significantly different from the medicine group(P<0.01) and Jiaji group(P<0.05); the difference between the Jiaji group and medicine group was also statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: Point-towards-point EA can rapidly improve the symptoms and function of CSR patients, and it's superior to EA at Jiaji(EX-B 2) and oral administration of Jing Fu Kang in comparing the clinical efficacy.

论鲁迅的绍兴成长经验对其传统文化二重态度的影响

关于鲁迅与传统文化的关系问题,更多的学者认为鲁迅对待传统文化呈现二重态度。然而,学界关于鲁迅对待传统文化二重态度的分析,多集中在鲁迅后期而相对忽视了对其早期阶段的剖析。其实,鲁迅在绍兴成长期间,由于其在家庭与私塾中阅读文化典籍和其他各类作品的二重体验,浸染于传统文化的周围人对鲁迅予以的不同影响以及家庭变故之后鲁迅对传统文化负面性的认知,加上绍兴民俗给予鲁迅的二元化体悟,使鲁迅在对待传统文化的态度上逐渐呈现出二重性的特点。

Clinical Study on Point-toward-Point Needling for Asthenopia

Objective:To observe the effect of point-toward-point needling on asthenopia.Methods:A total of 60 asthenopia cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each group.Pointtoward-point needling was used in the observation group;whereas point injection was used in the control group.The signs and symptoms including visual tasks and eye fatigue were observed before and after treatments.This was followed by an inter-group comparison of eye discomfort symptom score and therapeutic effects.Results:After treatment,the symptoms and signs in both groups were significantly improved,showing a statistical significance(P<0.01)and inter-group difference(P<0.01).The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%,versus 69.0%in the control group,showing a statistical difference(P<0.01).Conclusion:Both treatment protocols can help alleviate the clinical symptoms of asthenopia;point-toward-point needling can obtain better effect than point injection.

“全球南方”视野下印度的非洲政策研究

“全球南方”群体性崛起,是世界大变局的鲜明标志。加强对于“全球南方”国家的研究,推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展,是党和国家赋予区域国别研究的时代课题。在有关南南合作的研究中,印度的非洲政策具有特殊意义。一方面,分析印度的非洲政策对于中国进一步调整对非合作战略具有借鉴价值;另一方面,厘清印度的非洲政策对于中国在南南合作框架下维护中印关系良性互动具有重要意义。印度与非洲国家的交往由来已久,历届印度政府都与非洲国家保持着或强或弱的合作关系。自莫迪执政以来,印非关系进一步强化,双方在军事、海洋、能源及其他新兴领域的合作都取得了显著进展。诚然,印度的非洲政策仍存在问题,面临着潜在风险的冲击,但就其未来趋势看,未来印度将持续推进对非合作。研究将对中国在对非合作中妥善处理与印度的关系,携手共创南南合作新图景、“全球南方”新时代提供借鉴。