Russian architectural town-planning traditions and innovations in the Far East in the second half of the XIX-the beginning of the XX centuries

The establishment on the Far East of the orthodox Church and cultural stereotypes of the traditional Russian city occurred through active church building. The temples of the Far Eastern cities by its position in urban environment played a role of the basic exponents of the spiritual-state ideals of Russia. Ussumption cathedrals in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, Nikolsky cathedral in Nikcolsk-Ussurisk, Shadrinsky cathedral in Blagoveshchensk, Saint-Nikolaevsky at Russiand iplomatic mission in Seoul and other orthodox temples of the last thirty years of the XIX-the beginning of the XX-th centuries inherited ancient Russian tradition and were designed in the Byzantian style, style of the Moscow XVII century architecture, in Russian style. The ideas of ″the orthodox, the autocracy and the nationality″ in town-planning are expressed also in devotions of temples and names of new settlements. For example, a large number of temples is devoted to Saint Nicholas. Only in the Primorye Territory they are about 20. Harbin’s Saint-Nikolaevsky cathedral also in a name Nicholas. Harbin’s the Sofia church is devoted to a great symbol Ancient Russia and Russian Empire - church of Saint Sofia in Constantinople. The general plans of settlements and cities of the Far East of the second half of the XIX and boundary XIX-XX centuries were realized by two leading directions of town-planning of Russia: the first is based on the norms of regular town-planning, the second is one connected with the realization of the city - garden concept. The priority remains for classicismical tradition. At the same time, the general plans of Harbin, Dairen realized the innovative idea of the time-the concept of city-garden. On the Russian Far East social town-planning ideas of the city -gardens in a certain measure were embodied in 1910-s in the project of Alexseevsk town; Anutovsky country settlement on Ocean station near Vladivostok, later it was officially named-Garden-City; in a settlement for the railway servicemen on Nikolskay station of the Ussuriskay railway and others. Russian architectural town-planning tradition was enriched by new understanding of the social and town-planning purposes, realized in cities of the Far East in the end of the XIX-the beginning of the XX centuries.

Legends and Traditions of the Chinese Spring Festival

THE Spring Festival,or Chinese New Year,is the most prominent and celebrated festival among Chinese people.Its history can be traced back thousands of years.The holiday begins on the first day of Chinese lunar calendar and ends on the 15th day of the same lunar month,which is celebrated as the Lantern Festival.In 2019,the first day of the Lunar New Year falls on February 5.The holiday is filled with buoyancy and happiness as people take part in an array of celebrations,one of the most important occasions of which is family reunion.

Modernization of Medical Traditions:Indian and Chinese Approaches to Health and Well‑being

The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices.In both the developed as well as developing world contexts,there is a growing need to rejuvenate alternative medical systems,but they have to be modernized to have cross-cultural appeal and acceptance.This paper explores the clash between Western medicine and Indian traditional medicine in 19th century colonial India which offers a historical precedent that could hold key lessons to the spread of traditional medicine across the world.The paper argues that the British government used biomedicine as a political tool to dominate Indians and resistance from Indian practitioners of traditional systems of medicines(TSMs)was systematically put down through policy measures.However,it was the clash between the medical modalities that transformed Indian TSMs forever as systems such as Ayurveda(the science of life)and Yoga took on the challenge and modernized and continue to have global appeal.The paper compares Indian and Chinese medical systems and argues that similarities in theory and practice in two different historical contexts,19th century India and modern-day China,enable us to understand the relevance of modernization practices in our contemporary world.

Identity, Traditions and Lack of Environmental Behaviour

Place memories （traditions）, transmitted through art and the stories of a community, are key elements for the construction of individual and collective identity, connected to specific places. In this regard the authors examined how the representation of traditions affects place identity and in what ways the cultural heritage of the town might influence environmental forms of behaviour such as plans and projects. To this end the authors investigated the small town of Pagani in southern Italy, which has many ancient cultural traditions linked to specific locations and their rituals such as the festival of Our Lady of the Hens. Our contribution favours a qualitative approach in examining the data gathered and a participative methodology. The statistical analysis of the vocabulary distribution within 83 texts concerning town and its traditions, written by local citizens （52% male and 48% female） of different ages （range： 18-78） revealed a strong place identity. Narrative interviews （14） with key people were then analysed by means of grounded theory. In the perspective of conservation psychology the authors finally focussed on how feelings of impotence and social distrust influence relations between citizens and their local environment.

Interpretation of Gastronomic Traditions within Tourism

This article presents a current EU project on the interpretation of Gastronomic European cultural heritage.Europe’s cultural heritage is highly diverse.This is by no means limited to museums,theatres,or castles;gastronomic traditions are also part of Europe’s cultural heritage.As an essential part of the collective European memory,it is essential to preserve this diversity.From an economic perspective,the preservation of cultural heritage is a crucial task for the future.Within the EU,more than 300,000 people work in the cultural heritage sector;in addition,there are about 7.8 million jobs in the EU that correlate indirectly with cultural heritage(e.g.,tourism).How could gastronomic traditions be used to support a sustainable tourisms development?

Thomasine Logia： A Collection of Sapiential Traditions

This paper argues the sapiential characteristic of an ancient text in the history of early Christianity. Although Thomas is a creative and distinctive text for its own community, the major framework of the Logia in a textual-statistic way was based on the traditional Sophia literature that had affected the culture, custom, and authority of the Hellenised Jewish societies. Then, what kind of scrolls, books, and writings could be the religio-historical sources for Thomas？ How was Thomas transformed from those sapiential manuscripts？ While three data of ＂the Pauline Sophia concept＂, ＂the sapiential Logia of Q＂, and ＂the sapiential themes of the Jewish apocalyptic writings＂ are quite relevant, the Greek fragment of Papyrus Oxyrhynchus （P. Oxy.） 654 and NHC II, 2.32：10-51：28 will evince the new insight that the ancient Logia of the Thomasine community was not ＂the traditional Q＂, but could be ＂a new Q＂ coming from the common （oral, or written, or both） Sophia tradition, as an independently developed one.

The Traditions of Thought Between Progress and Reaction. Cicero: An Interpreter and a Latin Creator of the Aristotelian Platonic Tradition of Thought

Farington’s interpretation of the philosophies of Plato and Cicero as reactionary philosophies is discussed.In the light of our interpretative category,such as that of Traditions of Thought,understood as complex rational,historical constructions,within which metaphysical and epistemological principles are mediated with socio-economic-political-cultural conflicts,all denominated as ideologies,instead it is believed that scientific theories are not actually progressive or regressive,but rather the ideologies,when they interpret the concepts of scientific fact,scientific theory and,more strongly,that of philosophy,within general conceptions of the world.In the light of our interpretative category,they thus appear more than regressive philosophers instead of regressive ideologues,if we consider that the philosopher moves within the narrower fields of the so-called metaphysics and epistemology.Cicero also appears to be the great Latin creator of a way of understanding philosophy and its history with the dominant triad Socrates-Plato-Aristotele in it.All this must be considered within my broader historical-philosophical-epistemological elaboration,enclosed in my published books and papers,cited in references.

Ritual Traditions of the Three Dynasties and the Continuity of the Chinese Civilization

The rule of rites was the fundamental pattern of the governance in the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties(i.e.the Three Dynasties).As a complex system of political and cultural practices with political,religious and moral attributes,rites legitimately and structurally underpinned the royal regime,therefore ensuring regime stability,integrating social relations,and enhancing recognition of cultural and political identities.Ritual traditions of the Three Dynasties went beyond extrinsic rites and institutions to include intrinsic spiritual traditions,e.g.divinity of the Heaven,conformity with ancestral heritage,and derivative moral values such as the pursuit of ethics and rewards for benevolence.Also included were the sense of blood relationships,the sense of clanship,the sense of ethics and the sense of filial piety and fraternal duty based on ancestral worship.Through the enlightenment of ritual music,the sense of rites was internalized as the collective value and cultural identity of the members of a society.Therefore,early nations that were founded upon rites functioned as a community of politics,culture and morality.Rites,having been internalized as cultural elements of the Chinese people,shaped the ways of thinking and behavior.It is fair to say that rites have served as the fundamental bedrock for the continuity of the Chinese civilization.

Diversity of China's Wedding Traditions and Customs

“Raise your bridal veil and let me have a close look at your face. Your brows are so thin and long, like the crescent in the sky. Your brows are so thin and long, like the bow-shape moon.”By singing this melodious Uygur love song, I cannot help imagining the unique ethnic weddings of Uygur lovers and recalling the fascinating panorama of "the Second China Cultural Festival on Ethnic Wedding Traditions" recently hosted in Butterfly Lovers Park in Ningbo, a port city in the southeast coast of China.

Komei Delegation from Japan Pledging to Inherit Fine Traditions of the Komei Party and Firmly Upholding Sino-Japanese Friendship

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The History of Christmas Traditions

The Christmas tradition probably began in and around what is now Germany as far back as the 4th century!A man named Nicholas gave his inherited wealth to the poor and became a monk,travelling the countryside and helping those in need.Over the years,he became known as the protector of children and sailors,and was made a saint.

Colorful China:Exhibition on Ethnic Traditions of China

The exhibition"Colorful China"was recently held in the Capital Museum in Beijing.This exhibition displayed 100 pieces or sets of masterpieces of ethnic tradition in four sections,including"Unity and Self-Reliance","Ethnic

Old Festival, New Traditions- China's Spring Festival

SpringFestivalisthemostimportantholidayoftheyear.Thefestival,usuallyfallinginFebruaryaccordingtothesolarcalendar.isatimeoffamilyreunion.Forcenturies,peoplehavebeenreturningtotheirhomestocelebratewiththeirfamilies.Inoldtimes,evenprisonerswereallowedto...

Savoring & Saving Tea Traditions

China’s teahouses open a window to city culture by Liu Wei TEAHOUSES in China can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907).Accompanying flourishing commerce and economy,teahouses were widely found in both urban and rural areas.Due to their many geographical locations and long history,they vary in style across the country. Cameroonian crosstalk performer Francis Tchiegue has been in China for seven years,and speaks Chinese fluently.When touring through Chinese cities,he loves to visit local teahouses to learn

Ancient Charm in a Modern World Kashgar’s old city recalls Silk Road’s history and time-honored traditions

[Kashgar is] the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia.

Two Great Traditions

This article endeavours to answer a diffucult question: How does Christianitydiffer (beyond purely religious differences) from the Chinese tradition? Focusingon collective thought patterns, I shall attempt to explore a number ofnon-religious phenomena that are deeply rooted in Christian doctrines but arenotably absent from Chinese intellectual life. It is these phenomena. the

Discussion on the Influence of Cultural Traditions Towards the Development of Human Rights

No matter whether we consider it from the perspective of historical development or specific conditions of reality, the formation of the concept of human rights, especial- ly its process of playing the realistic role via the concrete realization, has a direct and extremely close relationship with specific cultural values and historical heritages. Therefore, studies of human rights should not just remain at the abstract level of ＂from concept to concept.＂ On the contrary, we should further promote the sound development of the cause of human rights via concretizing this kind of studies.

Tai Lue Traditions in a Transnational World： Study of Tai Lue Community in the United States of America

Historical political movements and wars forced the Tai Lue to escape from their hometown and finally, they migrated to the United States. There are too many sorrowful stories of their escaping from China to Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and new-coming to the USA. The skills for work, working environments and working time are all different from what they had done in Asia. They realize that it is important for them to preserve their traditional culture in the USA. One the one hand, keeping their traditional culture could make them safe, and on the other hand, make them happy and help them reduce homesickness. Theravada Buddhism is their main traditional culture. When the Tai Lue move to the USA, they have to negotiate the mainstream culture and modify their behaviors in order to maintain their traditions as much as possible. The US circumstances provide Tai Lue Americans with both negatives and positives for preserving their traditions. The cultural freedom in the USA provides the Tai Lue the freedom to maintain their traditional culture but some aspects also conflict with American laws and regulations. American Western culture also influences their traditions. Globalization not only provides the Tai Lue traditional culture with possible and similar conditions to extend in the USA, but also helps Tai Lue Americans to do their contributions to the traditions in their motherland. The identity of the Tai Lue is misunderstood as the Lao by the public. Tai Lue Americans are still moving and working for their lives, and they are contemporarily keeping their tradition in the USA. However, it will be hard for Tai Lue American elders to transfer the traditions to their next generation.

Effect of Oral Traditions, Folklores and History on the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1977 Till Date

Nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. in the pre-literate period, Nigeria enjoyed high level of verbal art civilization which traditional rulers and the generality of the populace patronized. The oral tradition served as medium of preservation of culture and history of the ancient past and experiences. Though, most Nigerians can still remember their family history, folklore, tradition and genealogy, only few oral artists and youths of nowadays possess the skill and ability needed to chant the lengthy oral literature. It is in the light of the above that this study examined the effect of oral tradition, folklore, and history on the development of education in Nigeria, 1977 till date. The study adopted historical research method using primary and secondary sources of information to analyze data. Primary sources include, like archive materials, oral interviews and secondary sources include, like textbooks, speeches, journals, and internet materials and images. The outlines of the paper are： the definition of concepts, historical background of Nigerian oral tradition, and folklore in the educational system, the place of oral tradition, folklore and history in the education policy in Nigeria since 1977, the effect of oral tradition, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria since 1977, the prospects of oral traditions, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria, conclusion and a few recommendations for future improvement. The findings of the study revealed that oral traditions, folklore and history were the bed-rock for the development of education and society in the pre-colonial period, but these were dropped gradually with the advent of the colonial masters and gradually deteriorate both in the educational curriculum and general conduct of the society and these have adverse effect on the nation＇s economy. It is recommended that the beauty of Nigerian history, oral and written traditions, culture, folklore like proverbs, chants, satire and symbolism, be brought back into the school system, politics and every sector of the Nigerian economy for proper advancement to take place in the education sector and for overall national development.