基于海尔贝克式排布的电磁铁EMAT研制

电磁声传感器由于其结构简单且无需耦合等特点,在超声无损检测领域具备显著的应用潜力。传统的永磁铁式横波电磁声传感器存在诸多缺陷,包括换能效率低、激发超声模态不具一致性,以及在铁磁性试件上检测时吸附力强、难以移动等,这些问题不仅影响了检测结果的准确性,也限制了其应用范围。本研究基于永磁铁海尔贝克式电磁声传感器以及空芯电磁铁电磁声传感器的特点,研制了一种新型的电磁铁横波传感器,实现单侧磁场增强的同时,可实现偏置磁场强度可调。本文采用正交试验的方法对传感器励磁磁铁以及涡流线圈结构参数进行优化,提高了回波信号的幅值。研究结果表明,经过优化后的电磁声传感器对于铝板的检测,可显著增加试件表面产生的垂直磁场强度及分布范围,并大幅降低水平磁场,能够更有效地激发较为纯净的横波。

跑道型线圈EMAT等效阻抗影响因素分析

电磁超声换能器(EMAT)是一种不需要耦合剂就能对被测试件进行超声检测的传感器,在常规超声难以检测的领域发挥着重要的作用。但是电磁超声换能器换能效率低、信噪比差的问题,制约着电磁超声换能器的发展。该文主要从等效阻抗的角度研究传感器的阻抗特性,分析影响传感器阻抗特性的影响因素,根据传感器的阻抗特性对传感器进行优化设计,并对不同工况下的传感器进行阻抗匹配,研究不同工况下阻抗匹配网络对于传感器信号幅值和信噪比的影响。研究结果表明,磁铁到线圈间距和提离距离对传感器等效阻抗的影响较为显著,按照提离距离为0.5 mm和磁铁到线圈间距为1 mm设计的传感器能够满足对不同性质的被检材料检测时信号幅值达到最优的目的,在不同被检材料下随提离距离的变化信号幅值的衰减规律不同,阻抗匹配网络的加入有利于提高大提离下信号的信噪比。

单向L(0,2)超声导波EMAT结构设计

超声导波在管道中传播时双向传播的特性以及端面反射回波的影响导致检测回波信号复杂难以分辨。依据电磁声换能器(EMAT)激发机理和纵向超声导波的波结构特性,设计了一种周期性永磁铁增强径向偏置磁场,从而增大洛伦兹力轴向分量、减小径向分量来控制激发单一L(0,2)导波;同时依据波叠加原理,通过控制相邻线圈线间距、激励电流方向和延迟时间等来选择纵向超声导波的激发方向。研究结果表明:当相邻激励线圈电流相反、线间距为λ/4,且延迟时间为T/4时,采用优化设计的周期性永磁铁可以实现管道中超声导波的方向控制,使得回波信号容易分辨,提高了管道的检测效率。

基于EMATE和POA-ELM的声音信号故障诊断方法

常规的工程机械故障诊断方法一般需对振动信号进行分析,但采集振动信号时需要使振动传感器与工程机械相接触,在某些情况下工程机械表面不适合安装传感器,如设备的温度较高或者传感器的安装空间有限。针对这些问题,以声音信号作为故障诊断对象,提出了一种基于增强多尺度注意熵(EMATE)和鹈鹕优化算法优化极限学习机(POA-ELM)的工程机械故障诊断方法。首先,利用声音传感器采集了工程机械不同故障的声音信号,避免了振动传感器存在的接触式采集缺陷;然后,利用EMATE提取了声音信号中的故障信息,建立了表征工程机械不同故障状态的特征向量;接着,鉴于ELM的参数需要优化的问题,采用POA对ELM的关键参数进行了寻优,建立了参数自适应设置的ELM分类模型;最后,利用POA-ELM分类器对故障特征进行了辨识,实现了工程机械的故障识别,并利用往复压缩机和滚动轴承的声音信号数据集对基于EMATE-POA-ELM的故障诊断方法的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:将EMATE方法作为故障特征提取指标能够取得100%和99.23%的识别准确率,且特征提取的时间仅为53.88 s和172.47 s;与多尺度注意熵、复合多尺度注意熵、时移多尺度注意熵等指标相比,EMATE的平均故障识别准确率更高,并具有更好的综合性能。

Effects of interleukin-10 treated macrophages on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway

BACKGROUND Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation are an urgent issue in oral implant surgery that must be solved.Regulating the various phenotypes of macrophages to enhance the inflammatory environment can significantly affect the progression of diseases and tissue engineering repair process.AIM To assess the influence of interleukin-10(IL-10)on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)following their interaction with macrophages in an inflammatory environment.METHODS IL-10 modulates the differentiation of peritoneal macrophages in Wistar rats in an inflammatory environment.In this study,we investigated its impact on the proliferation,migration,and osteogenesis of BMSCs.The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and its activated form,phos-phorylated-STAT3,were examined in IL-10-stimulated macrophages.Subsequently,a specific STAT3 signaling inhibitor was used to impede STAT3 signal activation to further investigate the role of STAT3 signaling.RESULTS IL-10-stimulated macrophages underwent polarization to the M2 type through substitution,and these M2 macrophages actively facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Mechanistically,STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in the process by which IL-10 influences macrophages.Specifically,IL-10 stimulated the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced the macrophage inflammatory response,as evidenced by its diminished impact on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.CONCLUSION Stimulating macrophages with IL-10 proved effective in improving the inflammatory environment and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.The IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in the macrophage-mediated control of BMSCs’osteogenic differentiation.

基于PECT-EMAT复合检测方法的铁磁性材料的复合缺陷检测

铁磁性材料在现代能源工业设备关键结构上广泛应用。一些关键部位由于生产、使用时产生的拉应力状态及环境影响,易萌生表面应力腐蚀裂纹,同时在弯管或焊缝处经长期冲蚀也可能出现内部局部减薄缺陷,对工业设备结构的安全可靠性构成了严重的威胁。本研究提出并开发了基于脉冲涡流-电磁超声复合电磁无损检测方法来检测铁磁性试件的表面裂纹和底部减薄缺陷。并开发了基于频谱滤波的信号分离方法,成功提取出复合检测中的脉冲涡流信号和电磁超声信号。实验结果表明,其中脉冲涡流信号可以有效检测试件的表面裂纹,电磁超声信号可以很好地定量试件底部减薄缺陷的残余厚度。由此可见,本研究开发的新型方法可以同时检测试件上下表面两种类型的缺陷,具有明显的优势。

激光-仅线圈式EMAT的金属检测系统优化设计

在铝合金铸造和高温轧制过程中,采用非接触式无损检测技术实现在线监测与检测,对减小生产成本、保证生产线连续、提高产品成品率具有重要意义。首先,建立了以脉冲激光束激励和仅线圈式电磁超声换能器(EMAT)接收的铝合金Laser-EMAT检测过程有限元模型,分析了水膜表面约束机制以及硅钢聚磁结构对所激励的多模式超声波幅值的影响规律,研究了仅线圈式EMAT的励磁线圈和接收线圈的外径、内径、线径、层数等对超声波接收效率的影响;其次,开展了铝合金Laser-EMAT检测实验,验证了水膜表面约束机制、仅线圈式EMAT设计参数和硅钢聚磁结构对检测回波幅值的影响规律。研究结果表明,水膜表面约束下,采用硅钢材料作为励磁线圈的聚磁背板后,超声回波信号幅值增强了37.76%,信噪比增加了17.3 dB。在激光能量一定、光斑大小不变、励磁线圈外径为12.3 mm、内径为1.6 mm、线径为0.4 mm、层数为2层时,线圈阻抗与电路内阻一致,线圈获得的能量最多,其提供的径向偏置磁场最强。当接收线圈外径为14.1 mm、内径为1.7 mm、线径为0.26 mm时,超声波接收效率最佳。

基于偏置磁场EMAT表面波换能器效率的分析

为提高常规EMAT(电磁超声)换能器效率,设计一种新型偏置磁场EMAT换能器。利用有限元软件建立EMAT激励表面波的二维仿真模型,对比分析常规和偏置EMAT对激励表面波的影响。最后设计正交试验研究磁铁高度、磁铁宽度、线圈高度、线圈宽度和线圈提离对偏置EMAT激励表面波的影响规律,并通过试验验证了其准确性,此外还研究了偏置磁铁对接收EMAT的影响。结果表明,偏置EMAT换能器激励的表面波幅值比常规EMAT的提高了51%,并且该方法不会在频域信息上发生主频分叉畸变问题,采用偏置EMAT接收的信号幅值比常规EMAT的提高了38%,偏置EMAT能有效提高检测灵敏度。

基于S构型内检式EMAT的管道裂纹电磁超声螺旋导波定量检测

为了解决传统轴向导波对管道斜向裂纹检测灵敏度低的缺点,基于电磁超声螺旋导波检测机理,提出了一种适用于管道斜向裂纹检测的S构型内检式EMAT(电磁超声换能器)。针对所提换能器,建立金属管道电磁超声螺旋导波检测有限元模型,探究不同螺旋角螺旋导波在管道上的传播过程和回波信号特征。搭建了电磁超声螺旋导波检测试验系统,采用所提EMAT和L(0,2)轴向导波EMAT对斜向裂纹进行检测。试验结果表明,S构型内检式EMAT对于斜向裂纹具有更高的检测灵敏度,对于裂纹的高分辨率检测具有重要意义。

传感器在生物医学领域研究的前沿进展--TRANSDUCERS 2023国际会议综述

2023年6月25日至6月29日,第22届国际固态传感器、执行器和微系统会议(TRANSDUCERS 2023)在日本京都召开,来自世界各地的专家学者济济一堂,分享在传感器与执行器等领域的最新研究成果。本文从可穿戴生物传感器、生物传感器后端电路和传感器在生物医学领域的应用等3个角度,详细介绍并阐述本次会议上的前沿研究成果,并对相关研究成果的研究意义与未来展望给出了总结。

A Pipe Inspection Using a Circumferential SH-Mode Plate Wave Generated in a Pipe by an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)

Inspection of a pipeline is essential for the safe use of such facilities. A trial sensor using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which can generate the SH-mode plate wave propagating in the circumferential direction, has been developed to realize this objective. It consists of a circulating electromagnetic induction coil around the pipe and many permanent magnets arranged on the surface of the pipe in the circumferential direction. It is postulated that the intensity of the SH-mode plate wave propagating in the circumferential direction is dependent on any defects in the circumferential direction. A resonance method was then utilized to obtain a stronger received signal. As a result, it was confirmed that the resonance status can be detected. The relationship between the signal intensity and the pipe thickness was then evaluated. It was confirmed that the wall thickness of about 20% can be detected under a static condition. Finally, a moving test has been executed by using an axially traveling device manufactured by trial. The test pipes with different sizes of drilled holes were prepared. The change in the received signal intensity according to different sizes of the drilled holes was successfully detected.

Photoacoustic microscopy based on transparent piezoelectric ultrasound transducers

Photoacoustic microscopy(PAM),due to its deep penetration depth and high contrast,is playing an increasingly important role in biomedical imaging.PAM imaging systems equipped with conventional ultrasound transducers have demonstrated excellent imaging performance.However,these opaque ultrasonic transducers bring some constraints to the further development and application of PAM,such as complex optical path,bulky size,and difficult to integrate with other modalities.To overcome these problems,ultrasonic transducers with high optical transparency have appeared.At present,transparent ultrasonic transducers are divided into optical-based and acoustic-based sensors.In this paper,we mainly describe the acoustic-based piezoelectric transparent transducers in detail,of which the research advances in PAM applications are reviewed.In addition,the potential challenges and developments of transparent transducers in PAM are also demonstrated.

Helical particle manipulation based on power-exponent-phase acoustic vortices generated by a sector transducer array

The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.

Inverse design and realization of an optical cavity-based displacement transducer with arbitrary responses

Optical cavity has long been critical for a variety of applications ranging from precise measurement to spectral analysis.A number of theories and methods have been successful in describing the optical response of a stratified optical cavity,while the inverse problem,especially the inverse design of a displacement sensitive cavity,remains a significant challenge due to the cost of computation and comprehensive performance requirements.This paper reports a novel inverse design methodology combining the characteristic matrix method,mixed-discrete variables optimization algorithm,and Monte Carlo method-based tolerance analysis.The material characteristics are indexed to enable the mixed-discrete variables optimization,which yields considerable speed and efficiency improvements.This method allows arbitrary response adjustment with technical feasibility and gives a glimpse into the analytical characterization of the optical response.Two entirely different light-displacement responses,including an asymmetric sawtooth-like response and a highly symmetric response,are dug out and experimentally achieved,which fully confirms the validity of the method.The compact Fabry-Perot cavities have a good balance between performance and feasibility,making them promising candidates for displacement transducers.More importantly,the proposed inverse design paves the way for a universal design of optical cavities,or even nanophotonic devices.

Design and analysis of longitudinal–flexural hybrid transducer for ultrasonic peen forming

Ultrasonic peen forming(UPF)is an emerging technology that exhibits great superiority in both its flexible operating modes and the deep residual stress that it produces compared with conventional plastic forming methods.Although ultrasonic transducers with longitudinal vibration have been widely studied,they have seldom been incorporated into UPF devices for machining in confined spaces.To meet the requirements of this type of machining,a sandwich-type piezoelectric transducer with coupled longitudinal-flexural vibrational modes is proposed.The basic structure of the transducer is designed to obtain large vibrational amplitudes in both modes.Experimental results obtained with a prototype device demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed transducer.The measured vibrational amplitude for the working face in the longitudinal vibrational mode is 1.0μm,and electrical matching increases this amplitude by 40%.The flexural vibration characteristics of the same prototype transducer are also tested and are found to be slightly smaller than those of longitudinal mode.The resultant working strokes of the UPF impact pins reach 1.7 mm and 1.2 mm in the longitudinal and flexural modes,respectively.The forming capability of the prototype has been evaluated via 15-min machining on standard 2024-T351 aluminum plates.After UPF,an improved surface morphology with lower surface roughness is obtained.The aluminum plate test piece has an apparent upper deformation with an arc height of 0.64 mm.The measured peak value of the compressive residual stress is around 250 MPa,appearing at a depth of 100μm.The proposed longitudinal-flexural hybrid transducer thus provides a high-performance tool for plate peen forming in confined spaces.

Micro-Sized Pinhole Inspection with Segmented Time Reversal and High-Order Modes Cluster Lamb Waves Based on EMATs

Pinhole corrosion is difficult to discover through conventional ultrasonic guided waves inspection,particularly for micro-sized pinholes less than 1 mm in diameter.This study proposes a new micro-sized pinhole inspection method based on segmented time reversal(STR)and high-order modes cluster(HOMC)Lamb waves.First,the principle of defect echo enhancement using STR is introduced.Conventional and STR inspection experiments were conducted on aluminum plates with a thickness of 3 mm and defects with different diameters and depths.The parameters of the segment window are discussed in detail.The results indicate that the proposed method had an amplitude four times larger than of conventional ultrasonic guided waves inspection method for pinhole defect detection and could detect micro-sized pinhole defects as small as 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth.Moreover,the segment window location and width(5-10 times width of the conventional excitation signal)did not affect the detection sensitivity.The combination of low-power and STR is more conducive to detection in different environments,indicating the robustness of the proposed method.Compared with conventional ultrasonic guided wave inspection methods,the proposed method can detect much smaller defect echoes usually obscured by noise that are difficult to detect with a lower excitation power and thus this study would be a good reference for pinhole defect detection.

仅线圈式电磁超声检测方法与提离特性研究

针对传统永磁体式或脉冲电磁铁式电磁超声换能器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)易吸附铁磁性颗粒导致换能效率下降甚至功能性损坏、难与铁磁性金属材料实现快速分离或移动、探头体积大、难以实现狭小区域等探头不可达区域的检测等难题,提出了一种仅线圈式电磁超声检测的技术实现与建模方法。建立了集仅线圈式EMAT的激励等效电路和检测过程的场路耦合分析有限元模型,分析了仅线圈式EMAT的纵波激励和接收机理,研究了提离对EMAT线圈的等效阻抗、放电电流的高频成分和类直流成分、检测回波的幅值和中心频率的影响。研制了仅线圈式EMAT检测电路,验证了提离的影响规律。研究结果表明:所研制的仅线圈式电磁超声检测系统可以在80 mm厚的铝合金试样中激励和接收纵波,且在0.1 mm提离时,一次底波的信噪比为28.10 dB。当提离由0.1 mm增加至1.0 mm时,二次底波的信噪比由22.21 dB减小至8.01 dB,其中心频率由1.35 MHz下降为1.27 MHz。

基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的钢板多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器设计与优化

为了解决传统Barker码脉冲压缩技术受脉冲功率放大器额定参数(占空比,最大脉冲宽度等)限制而导致的脉冲压缩效果下降、检测速度降低等问题,提出一种基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器(EMAT)。建立了基于tone-burst信号激励-Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波EMAT检测过程的有限元模型,分析了永磁体的配置形式、阵元序列长度、激励信号周期数、曲折线圈匝数等因素对脉冲压缩后的主旁瓣比和主瓣宽度的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:曲折线圈匝数为4和Barker码序列长度为13位的多阵元EMAT在配置3对外置永磁体后,其信噪比(SNR)可提高9.8 dB。综合考虑检测回波的空间分辨率和SNR,多阵元Lamb波EMAT最佳参数为:曲折线圈匝数为10、激励信号周期数为11、Barker序列为13位,并配置3对外置永磁体。

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and inhibits proliferation by regulating miR-328-3p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common cancer types worldwide,and its prevention and treatment methods have garnered much attention.As the active ingredient of licorice,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)has a variety of pharmacological effects.The aim of this study was to explore the effective target of 18β-GRA in the treatment of GC,in order to provide effective ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanism of 18β-GRA in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting autophagy flux in GC cells.METHODS Whole transcriptomic analyses were used to analyze and screen differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention.Lentivirus-transfected GC cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 were used to detect cell proliferation ability,cell colony formation ability was detected by the clone formation assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis.A nude mouse transplantation tumor model of GC cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-328-3p overexpression on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Tumor tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.TransmiR,STRING,and miRWalk databases were used to predict the relationship between miR-328-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)-related information.Expression of STAT3 mRNA and miR-328-3p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and the expression levels of STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3),and LC3 were detected by western blot analysis.The targeted relationship between miR-328-3p and STAT3 was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter gene system.AGS cells were infected with monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-LC3 adenovirus double label.LC3 was labeled and autophagy flow was observed under a confocal laser microscope.RESULTS The expression of miR-328-3p was significantly upregulated after 18β-GRA intervention in AGS cells(P=4.51E-06).Overexpression of miR-328-3p inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation ability,arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase,promoted cell apoptosis,and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nude mice(P<0.01).No obvious necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue in the negative control group(no drug intervention or lentivirus transfection)and vector group(the blank vector for lentivirus transfection),and more cells were loose and necrotic in the miR-328-3p group.Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-328-3p has a targeting relationship with STAT3,and STAT3 was closely related to autophagy markers such as p62.After overexpressing miR-328-3p,the expression level of STAT3 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and p-STAT3 was downregulated(P<0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the luciferase activity of miR-328-3p and STAT33’untranslated regions of the wild-type reporter vector group was significantly decreased(P<0.001).Overexpressed miR-328-3p combined with bafilomycin A1(Baf A1)was used to detect the expression of LC3 II.Compared with the vector group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p group was downregulated(P<0.05),and compared with the Baf A1 group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p+Baf A1 group was upregulated(P<0.01).The expression of LC3 II was detected after intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells,and the results were consistent with the results of miR-328-3p overexpression(P<0.05).Additional studies showed that 18β-GRA promoted autophagy flow by promoting autophagosome synthesis(P<0.001).qPCR showed that the expression of STAT3 mRNA was downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).CONCLUSION 18β-GRA promotes the synthesis of autophagosomes and inhibits GC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-328-3p/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Inner damage identification and residual strength assessment of a 3D printed tunnel with marble-like cementitious materials using piezoelectric transducers

Quantitative damage identification of surrounding rock is important to assess the current condition and residual strength of underground tunnels.In this work,an underground tunnel model with marble-like cementitious materials was first fabricated using the three-dimensional(3D)printing technique and then loaded to simulate its failure mode in the laboratory.Lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric(PZT)transducers were embedded in the surrounding rock around the tunnel in the process of 3D printing.A 3D monitoring network was formed to locate damage areas and evaluate damage extent during loading.Results show that as the load increased,main cracks firstly appeared above the tunnel roof and below the floor,and then they coalesced into the tunnel boundary.Finally,the tunnel model was broken into several parts.The resonant frequency and the peak of the conductance signature firstly shifted rightwards with loading due to the sealing of microcracks,and then shifted backwards after new cracks appeared.An overall increase in the root-mean-square deviation(RMSD)calculated from conductance signatures of all the PZT transducers was observed as the load(damage)increased.Damage-dependent equivalent stiffness parameters(ESPs)were calculated from the real and imaginary signatures of each PZT at different damage states.Satisfactory agreement between equivalent and experimental ESP values was achieved.Also,the relationship between the change of the ESP and the residual strength was obtained.The method paves the way for damage identification and residual strength estimation of other 3D printed structures in civil engineering.