双耦合SP-S补偿紧凑型抗偏移WPT系统

在无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统中,偏移是不可避免的,偏移会引起系统参数的变化从而影响系统的传输性能。基于S-S和P-S补偿拓扑,提出一种具有抗偏移特性的双耦合SP-S补偿的紧凑型WPT系统。该系统采用两个同轴布置、相互解耦的圆角方形线圈作为能量的发射线圈,其与单一方形接收线圈均有耦合,提升了X方向和Y方向的抗偏移容忍度。通过谐振参数配置使接收线圈在偏移的过程中,一个线圈回路的输出增加,另一个线圈回路输出减少,从而使系统输出随接收线圈位置偏移波动平缓。提出方形解耦线圈结构参数的设计方法,并分析发射端并联补偿电容对输出抗偏移性能的影响。最后,搭建实验平台验证该方法的有效性与系统的抗偏移能力。

基于交互式设计超材料建模与分析的MCR-WPT效率提升研究

超材料具有特殊的磁场调控能力,被广泛关注并应用于磁耦合谐振无线电能传输(MCR-WPT)领域,但寻求针对特定领域目标需求的超材料设计具有挑战性.目前,超材料的一般设计方法为S参数反演法和等效电路法,设计流程通常需要多次建模仿真得到目标参数,该过程较为繁琐耗时.对此,深入分析上述两种设计方法的特性并将二者结合,采用HFSS与MATLAB软件交互设计和优化用于MCR-WPT特性提升的超材料,有效简化了超材料的设计过程.以无线电能传输效率优化为目标设计方形和Koch两种超材料单元,分析对比两种单元的电磁特性.搭建工作频率为6.78 MHz的MCR-WPT系统实验平台,探究两种超材料对传输效率的影响.实验结果表明,方形超材料和Koch超材料分别实现了28.4%和24.6%的最大传输效率提升,证明了交互设计可以更简便地设计超材料并且用于无线电能传输系统传输效率的提升.

电动汽车多车位WPT下沉式磁屏蔽系统研究

在电动汽车无线电能传输系统中,实现高效传输的同时减少磁泄漏一直是一个技术挑战。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种应用于多无线电能传输系统的下沉式屏蔽线圈结构,该结构在减小目标面漏磁的同时不会影响系统的传输效率。首先,提出了一种基于矢量磁位的矩形线圈磁场计算方法,通过此方法对系统目标面漏磁进行分析,为后续的磁泄漏优化提供了理论依据;其次,介绍了一种漏磁优化的方法,运用该方法得到满足要求的各线圈参数,为实现高效的无线电能传输提供了关键支持;最后,根据得到的线圈参数,研制了一套带磁屏蔽结构的双车位电动汽车无线充电系统,通过仿真和实验,让提出的屏蔽结构和方法的有效性得到了充分证实。结果显示,当系统输出功率恒定在4 kW时,所提出的屏蔽结构不仅使目标区域最大泄漏磁场降低了25%,且传输效率高达95%。

基于SAR阻抗匹配的WPT最大效率跟踪控制方法

无线电能传输(WPT)技术因其安全、便捷、非接触等优点而备受关注。最大效率传输是WPT系统中一个重要课题。传统的最大效率跟踪方法通常设定系统在固定耦合条件进行负载阻抗匹配,然而,耦合系数会在初级和次级线圈相对位置变化时不可避免地发生变化。提出基于耦合系数辨识与半有源整流(SAR)阻抗匹配的最大效率跟踪控制方法,该方法利用SAR结合耦合系数识别进行阻抗匹配,开关控制电容(SCC)补偿其阻抗虚部,避免了整流电路中非线性因素的影响。同时系统响应较快且控制方法便于实现。仿真和实验结果表明,耦合系数和等效负载变化时,都可以准确估计耦合系数并跟踪至最大效率点和输出恒压。

海水对UUV WPT系统的影响及耦合机构的补偿研究

针对水下无人航行器(UUV)无线电能传输(WPT)系统的效率和稳定性问题,建立了水下WPT等效电路,并对其工作原理进行了数学推导和分析。以此为基础研究了海水环境对WPT电路性能的影响机理,推导出了WPT系统在海水中的传输功率及效率模型。由于在海浪和海流等水下外界干扰下电能传输机构的收/发端均会产生偏移,从而影响系统电能传输的稳定性和效率。为减小影响,分析了4种典型拓扑补偿电路结构,并给出了最优补偿电路选取原则。最后,在MATLAB平台进行验证,结果验证了数学推导的正确性以及补偿电路设计的有效性。研究结果可为类似水下无线供电系统的设计提供借鉴。

基于WPT-CNN的复合绝缘子内部缺陷智能识别研究

超声波技术常用于复合绝缘子内部缺陷的检测,但缺陷识别过程依赖于试验人员专业经验。为实现复合绝缘子内部缺陷的智能识别,提出了一种基于小波包变换和卷积神经网络的超声波检测信号识别模型。首先,通过小波包变换对超声波检测信号进行时频特征提取,并将一维信息转化为二维特征矩阵;其次,将二维特征矩阵输入卷积神经网络中,实现对信号特征的智能识别;最后,采用试验信号样本集对模型进行训练与测试。结果表明,提出的模型能对缺陷、气孔、裂纹、界面脱粘和夹杂五类复合绝缘子超声波检测信号进行识别,且平均准确率可达98.7%,能为复合绝缘子内部缺陷的智能识别提供很好的工程应用参考。

基于平衡阻抗的MC-WPT系统传导干扰抑制方法

抑制电磁干扰(electromagnetic interference,EMI)以提升电磁兼容性是磁耦合无线电能传输系统推广应用中必须解决的关键问题。该文以传统LCC-S型磁耦合无线电能传为研究对象,针对阻抗不平衡和寄生参数造成的传导干扰问题,提出EMI滤波器和谐振补偿网络的融合拓扑。文中分析传统LCC-S型MC-WPT系统传导干扰的产生机理及传输通道特性,给出融合拓扑的设计方法,并通过实验验证该文所提出的拓扑对EMI抑制的有效性。在搭建的85 kHz/500 W实验系统中,该文提出的融合拓扑的线圈共模干扰电流相比于传统LCC-S型拓扑降低35.6 dB,在特定频率点的线圈差模干扰电流降低23.6 dB;在输入侧的共模和差模传导干扰分别降低约30 dB和10 dB。该文所提出的融合拓扑及其设计方法也可推广应用至其他谐振类型的MC-WPT系统中。

基于等效阻抗的分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振BD-WPT系统传输特性分析

针对谐振式无线电能传输系统中分数阶电感、电容元件的仿真实现困难的问题,采用等效阻抗实现分数阶电容的等效.基于分数阶电容的阻抗特性,给出了一种分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振双向无线电能传输(bidirectional wireless power transfer,BD-WPT)系统结构,通过建立含分数阶电容的串联谐振式双向无线电能传输系统的电路模型,推导了其传输功率和效率关系.仿真实验结果表明,与整数阶串联谐振系统相比,系统的输出功率提升了7.82%,传输效率提升了0.58个百分点.

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波水下WPT系统副边关键参数在线辨识

为提升无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统传输性能,需在控制过程中实时获取负载与耦合系数等关键信息,而该信息的获取目前普遍采用无线通讯模块或增加额外通信线圈等方式,增加了系统复杂度,尤其面临复杂水下工况及高频电磁环境,在通讯过程中极易造成通讯异常而导致系统瘫痪。为此,文中提出一种新型基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的WPT系统互感及负载关键参数在线识别方法,该方法仅需采样原边侧电压瞬时值,即可实时获取互感与负载等关键参数信息。同时为提升辨识精度与收敛速度,采用离线式神经网络指导粒子群优化算法建立系统噪声协方差矩阵。实验结果表明,该算法具有模型简单、计算精度较高等特点,在变负载、变移相控制角及偏移情况下,所提出的在线辨识方法对负载与互感的最大识别误差分别为6.19%和1.7%,且2 ms左右即可完成负载的动态识别,具有一定的工程应用价值。

WPT系统双边协同抗饱和控制策略研究

基于脉冲密度调制PDM(pulse density modulation)的双边协同控制使得无线电能传输WPT(wireless power transfer)系统在耦合系数和负载阻抗变化的情况下能够保持最大效率传输,但是在系统启动及电池恒流恒压充电切换时会产生远高于额定值的电流/电压超调。为了解决超调问题,保证电池充电稳定性,提出了一种抗饱和控制策略。首先,基于WPT系统的等效电路模型分析最大效率点跟踪的工作原理;然后,结合WPT系统两侧控制量的协同工作过程,解析系统启动及电池恒流恒压充电切换时的超调现象,给出恒流恒压控制器设计方法,将反计算抗饱和算法与控制器设计相结合,提出抗饱和控制策略;最后,搭建了仿真模型,验证所提出的抗饱和策略能够有效抑制控制器饱和导致的超调,减少系统到达稳态的时间,降低电流/电压的超调带来的元器件应力。

基于WPT-PCA-GMHMM的输气管道泄漏源特征识别研究

为了克服压力波动下输气管道泄漏信号变化幅度大导致孔径识别准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于WPT-PCAGMHMM的泄漏源特征识别模型。开展了压力波动下管道泄漏的声发射检测实验,通过小波包变换(WPT)提取了不同工况下声发射信号的小波包能量谱,随后通过主成分分析(PCA)对频带能量进行去相关性与降维。最后将数据及标签分为训练集与测试集,采用高斯混合-隐马尔可夫模型(GMHMM)实现了对管道压力与泄漏孔径的分类识别。结果表明,所提出的模型整体准确率最高达到95.20%,泄漏孔径准确率达到99.95%,显著泄漏识别准确率达到100%,在充足样本及小样本的环境下相比BPNN、SVM均有优秀的表现。

IDS-INT:Intrusion detection system using transformer-based transfer learning for imbalanced network traffic

A network intrusion detection system is critical for cyber security against llegitimate attacks.In terms of feature perspectives,network traffic may include a variety of elements such as attack reference,attack type,a subcategory of attack,host information,malicious scripts,etc.In terms of network perspectives,network traffic may contain an imbalanced number of harmful attacks when compared to normal traffic.It is challenging to identify a specific attack due to complex features and data imbalance issues.To address these issues,this paper proposes an Intrusion Detection System using transformer-based transfer learning for Imbalanced Network Traffic(IDS-INT).IDS-INT uses transformer-based transfer learning to learn feature interactions in both network feature representation and imbalanced data.First,detailed information about each type of attack is gathered from network interaction descriptions,which include network nodes,attack type,reference,host information,etc.Second,the transformer-based transfer learning approach is developed to learn detailed feature representation using their semantic anchors.Third,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)is implemented to balance abnormal traffic and detect minority attacks.Fourth,the Convolution Neural Network(CNN)model is designed to extract deep features from the balanced network traffic.Finally,the hybrid approach of the CNN-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)model is developed to detect different types of attacks from the deep features.Detailed experiments are conducted to test the proposed approach using three standard datasets,i.e.,UNsWNB15,CIC-IDS2017,and NSL-KDD.An explainable AI approach is implemented to interpret the proposed method and develop a trustable model.

全方向WPT系统磁耦合参数识别方法研究

全方位三激励WPT系统中接收端和发射端之间的磁耦合参数是影响系统传输效率的重要因素,对耦合参数进行有效地辨识是使全方位WPT系统达到最大效率的关键。在采用高频逆变器作为发射线圈激励源的情况下给出逆变输出电压各次谐波的数学描述,在移相角为π/3的条件下忽略谐波,将输出的方波电压用波形具有标准正弦形状的基波来近似替换。在此基础上推导出系统发射端电流有效值的数学模型,引入改进的遗传算法,将参数辨识问题转换为全局寻优问题,给出基于该模型的磁耦合参数辨识方法,并通过仿真及实验验证了所提方法的可行性及有效性。

Causal Analysis Between Rice Growth and Cadmium Accumulation and Transfer under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Cadmium(Cd)contamination in rice has been a serious threat to human health.To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on the Cd translocation in rice,a controlled pot experiment was conducted.The results indicated that AMF significantly increased rice biomass,with an increase of up to 40.0%,particularly in root biomass by up to 68.4%.Notably,the number of prominent rice individuals also increased,and their plasticity was enhanced following AMF inoculation.AMF led to an increase in the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of rice.In the AMF treatment group,the Cd concentration in the rice roots was significantly higher(19.1%‒68.0%)compared with that in the control group.Conversely,the Cd concentration in the rice seeds was lower in the AMF treatment group,indicating that AMF facilitated the sequestration of Cd in rice roots and reduced Cd accumulation in the seeds.Path coefficients varied across different treatments,suggesting that AMF inoculation reduced the direct impact of soil Cd concentration on the total Cd accumulation in seeds.The translocation of Cd was consistently associated with simultaneous growth dilution and compensatory accumulation as a result of mycorrhizal effects.Our study quantitatively analyzed this process through path analysis and clarified the causal relationship between rice growth and Cd transfer under the influence of AMF.

Robust Information Hiding Based on Neural Style Transfer with Artificial Intelligence

This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based robust information hiding algorithm to address the issue of confidential information being susceptible to noise attacks during transmission.The algorithm we designed aims to mitigate the impact of various noise attacks on the integrity of secret information during transmission.The method we propose involves encoding secret images into stylized encrypted images and applies adversarial transfer to both the style and content features of the original and embedded data.This process effectively enhances the concealment and imperceptibility of confidential information,thereby improving the security of such information during transmission and reducing security risks.Furthermore,we have designed a specialized attack layer to simulate real-world attacks and common noise scenarios encountered in practical environments.Through adversarial training,the algorithm is strengthened to enhance its resilience against attacks and overall robustness,ensuring better protection against potential threats.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully enhances the concealment and unknowability of secret information while maintaining embedding capacity.Additionally,it ensures the quality and fidelity of the stego image.The method we propose not only improves the security and robustness of information hiding technology but also holds practical application value in protecting sensitive data and ensuring the invisibility of confidential information.

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders.Mitochondrial replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases.While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported.In this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear transfer.These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development.The successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

Effects of projectile parameters on the momentum transfer and projectile melting during hypervelocity impact

The effects of projectile/target impedance matching and projectile shape on energy,momentum transfer and projectile melting during collisions are investigated by numerical simulation.By comparing the computation results with the experimental results,the correctness of the calculation and the statistical method of momentum transfer coefficient is verified.Different shapes of aluminum,copper and heavy tungsten alloy projectiles striking aluminum,basalt,and pumice target for impacts up to 10 km/s are simulated.The influence mechanism of the shape of the projectile and projectile/target density on the momentum transfer was obtained.With an increase in projectile density and length-diameter ratio,the energy transfer time between the projectile and targets is prolonged.The projectile decelerates slowly,resulting in a larger cratering depth.The energy consumed by the projectile in the excavation stage increased,resulting in lower mass-velocity of ejecta and momentum transfer coefficient.The numerical simulation results demonstrated that for different projectile/target combinations,the higher the wave impedance of the projectile,the higher the initial phase transition velocity and the smaller the mass of phase transition.The results can provide theoretical guidance for kinetic impactor design and material selection.

Coherent optical frequency transfer via 972-km fiber link

We demonstrate coherent optical frequency dissemination over a distance of 972 km by cascading two spans where the phase noise is passively compensated for.Instead of employing a phase discriminator and a phase locking loop in the conventional active phase control scheme,the passive phase noise cancellation is realized by feeding double-trip beat-note frequency to the driver of the acoustic optical modulator at the local site.This passive scheme exhibits fine robustness and reliability,making it suitable for long-distance and noisy fiber links.An optical regeneration station is used in the link for signal amplification and cascaded transmission.The phase noise cancellation and transfer instability of the 972-km link is investigated,and transfer instability of 1.1×10^(-19)at 10^(4)s is achieved.This work provides a promising method for realizing optical frequency distribution over thousands of kilometers by using fiber links.

Label Recovery and Trajectory Designable Network for Transfer Fault Diagnosis of Machines With Incorrect Annotation

The success of deep transfer learning in fault diagnosis is attributed to the collection of high-quality labeled data from the source domain.However,in engineering scenarios,achieving such high-quality label annotation is difficult and expensive.The incorrect label annotation produces two negative effects:1)the complex decision boundary of diagnosis models lowers the generalization performance on the target domain,and2)the distribution of target domain samples becomes misaligned with the false-labeled samples.To overcome these negative effects,this article proposes a solution called the label recovery and trajectory designable network(LRTDN).LRTDN consists of three parts.First,a residual network with dual classifiers is to learn features from cross-domain samples.Second,an annotation check module is constructed to generate a label anomaly indicator that could modify the abnormal labels of false-labeled samples in the source domain.With the training of relabeled samples,the complexity of diagnosis model is reduced via semi-supervised learning.Third,the adaptation trajectories are designed for sample distributions across domains.This ensures that the target domain samples are only adapted with the pure-labeled samples.The LRTDN is verified by two case studies,in which the diagnosis knowledge of bearings is transferred across different working conditions as well as different yet related machines.The results show that LRTDN offers a high diagnosis accuracy even in the presence of incorrect annotation.

The regulation of ferrocene-based catalysts on heat transfer in highpressure combustion of ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/aluminum composite propellants

The regulation of the burning rate pressure exponent for the ammonium perchlorate/hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/aluminum(AP/HTPB/Al)composite propellants under high pressures is a crucial step for its application in high-pressure solid rocket motors.In this work,the combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB/Al composite propellants containing ferrocene-based catalysts were investigated,including the burning rate,thermal behavior,the local heat transfer,and temperature profile in the range of 7-28 MPa.The results showed that the exponent breaks were still observed in the propellants after the addition of positive catalysts(Ce-Fc-MOF),the burning rate inhibitor((Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium bromide,Fc Br)and the mixture of Fc Br/catocene(GFP).However,the characteristic pressure has increased,and the exponent decreased from 1.14 to 0.66,0.55,and 0.48 when the addition of Ce-FcMOF,Fc Br and Fc Br/GFP in the propellants.In addition,the temperature in the first decomposition stage was increased by 7.50℃ and 11.40℃ for the AP/Fc Br mixture and the AP/Fc Br/GFP mixture,respectively,compared to the pure AP.On the other hand,the temperature in the second decomposition stage decreased by 48.30℃ and 81.70℃ for AP/Fc Br and AP/Fc Br/GFP mixtures,respectively.It was also found that Fc Br might generate ammonia to cover the AP surface.In this case,a reaction between the methyl in Fc Br and perchloric acid caused more ammonia to appear at the AP surface,resulting in the suppression of ammonia desorption.In addition,the coarse AP particles on the quenched surface were of a concave shape relative to the binder matrix under low and high pressures when the catalysts were added.In the process,the decline at the AP/HTPB interface was only exhibited in the propellant with the addition of Ce-Fc-MOF.The ratio of the gas-phase temperature gradient of the propellants containing catalysts was reduced significantly below and above the characteristic pressure,rather than 3.6 times of the difference in the blank propellant.Overall,the obtained results demonstrated that the pressure exponent could be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the propellant local heat and mass transfer under high and low pressures.