Correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c,urinary microalbumin,urinary creatinine,β2 microglobulin,retinol binding protein and diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND Retinopathy is the most common microvascular disease of type 2 diabetes,and seriously threatens the life,health and quality of life of patients.It is worth noting that the development of diabetic retinopathy(DR)can be hidden,with few symptoms.Therefore,the preliminary screening of diabetic patients should identify DR as soon as possible,delay disease progression,and play a vital role in its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To investigate the correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),urinary microalbumin(U-mALB),urinary creatinine(U-CR),mALB/U-CR ratio,β2 microglobulin(β2MG),retinol binding protein(RBP)and DR.METHODS A total of 180 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei from January 2022 to August 2022 were retrospectively enrolled by ophthalmologists.Based on whether they had combined retinopathy and its degree,68 patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy(NDR)were assigned to the NDR group,54 patients with non-proliferative DR(NPDR)to the NPDR group,and 58 patients with proliferative DR to the PDR group.General data,and HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR results were collected from the patients and compared among the groups.Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR indices,and multiple linear regression was applied to identify the risk factors for DR.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were also drawn.RESULTS The differences in age,gender,systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups were not statistically significantly(P>0.05),but the difference in disease duration was statistically significant(P<0.05).The differences in fasting blood glucose,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,total cholesterol,and triglyceride between the groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).HbA1c in the PDR group was higher than that in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).The levels of mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and UCR in the PDR group were higher than those in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that disease duration,HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR were risk factors for the development of DR.The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combination of indices(HbA1c+mALB+mALB/U-CR+U-CR+β2MG+RBP)was 0.958,with a sensitivity of 94.83%and specificity of 96.72%,which was higher than the AUC for single index prediction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HbA1c,mALB,mALB/U-CR,U-CR,β2MG and RBP can reflect the development of DR and are risk factors affecting PDR,and the combination of these six indices has predictive value for PDR.

Analysis of the correlation between baseline serum uric acid, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To assess the impact of baseline serum uric acid(SUA) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) on cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods This prospective cohort study included 1 071 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who were regularly followed up in Lee’s clinic.Patients were regularly followed up annually with an average of 5 years.The group was divided into cognitive impairment group(CI,n=173)and no significant cognitive impairment group(NCI,n=898) according to the presence or absence of significant cognitive impairment during follow-up.All participants were also divided into three groups according to baseline UACR values:NUA(UACR <30 mg/g),MU A(30≤UACR≤300 mg/g),and LUA(UACR> 300 mg/g).

Measurement of serum cystatin C,creatinine clearance and urea micro-albumin as renal function evaluation indicators in cancer patients during chemotherapy with platinum

Objective:Chemotherapy drugs such as platinum may cause damage to the renal function,creatinine clearance(Ccr),as a "golden standard" indicator in clinical evaluation of renal function,was limited in application due to complicated detection steps.By detecting the expression of serum Cystatin C(Cys C),Ccr and urinary micro-albumin(UMA),this study was designed to analyze and discuss their roles and status in renal function evaluation for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols or non-platinum-containing ones,and got the expression of Cys C,Ccr(was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) and UMA,then analyzed whether there were differences for Cys C,Ccr and UMA in those patients;for patients with mildly impaired renal function(Ccr between 50-75 mL/min),whether there were differences for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Results:There was statistical significance for Ccr,Cys C and UMA in patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols(85.01 ± 28.40) vs(76.79 ± 26.63) mL/min,(1.49 ± 0.50) vs(1.80 ± 0.84) mg/L and(14.30 ± 9.15) vs(16.90 ± 10.95) mg/L,P = 0.00,0.00 and 0.01),and no statistical significance for those receiving non-platinum-containing ones(89.45 ± 29.69) vs(86.78 ± 27.96) mL/min,(1.51 ± 0.78) vs(1.63 ± 0.73)mg/L and(17.31 ± 10.46) vs(16.59 ± 8.33) mg/L,P = 0.45,0.07 and 0.57);and there were also significant differences for Cys C for patients with mildly impaired renal function before and after chemotherapy(1.68 ± 0.55) vs(2.04 ± 0.68) mg/L,P = 0.03),while no statistical significance for UMA for the same ones(21.11 ± 10.06) vs(21.22 ± 8.81) mg/L,P = 0.93).There were statistical significance both for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy in platinum-containing group,but the AUC for Ccr and Cys C is greater than that for UMA(P < 0.02).Conclusion:Cys C and UMA can both access renal dysfunction early after chemotherapy,but Cys C is more sensitive than UMA in reflecting early renal dysfunction,so Cys C can replace Ccr and become a reliable indicator in the assessment of renal function for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy especially with platinum.

Correlation between rate-pressure product or pressure-rate quotient and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the Chinese older population:The REACTION study

To the Editor:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a critical health threat.An elevated urinary albumin-creatinine ratio(UACR)is a marker of impaired renal function and is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The rate-pressure product(RPP)[1]and pressure rate quotient(PRQ)are widely used as methods to quantify cardiac load and hemodynamic response to exercise in clinical practice.Therefore,to better predict CKD,it is of great signicance to explore the relationships between RPP or PRQ and UACR.

Risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio in people with obesity

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)in obese population.Methods Baseline data from 2011 to 2012 in Henan Sub-center of"Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A longitudinal(REACTION)study"were utilized and those of body mass index≥28 kg/m^(2) were screened.The patients were divided into UACR normal group and UACR abnormal group(101 pairs)upon being matched on a 1:1 basis by age and gender.Multivariate logistic regression analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis were performed to explore the risk factors for abnormal UACR.Results Compared with the normal UACR group,the UACR abnormal group had a higher number of alcohol consumers,a higher prevalence of hypertension,elevated systolic blood pressure,and triglyceride(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption(P=0.008).

Comparison between different methods of urine collection for estimation of albumin-creatinine ratio in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

In patients with diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) predicts progressive kidney disease. In order to determine the better urine sample for detecting ACR, we estimated ACR in three modes of urine sample. Two hundred patients of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with proteinuria irrespective of age and sex were studied for urinary ACR in all the three types of samples over a period of 2 years. The statistical analysis showed that first morning ACR (r = 0.999, p > 0.001) of the subjects was more significantly correlated with their 24 hour urine sample ACR than spot urine (r = 0.995,

Determination of upper reference value of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio for the paediatric population in Burdwan district

To estimate the rate of excretion of urinary calcium, a 24-hour sample of urine is required and this is not always easy to collect accurately in infant and children. So, random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr ratio) has been developed. But as the ratio varies worldwide, reference values of the parameter in paediatric population are not developed. To determine reference value, the present study was conducted in healthy paediatric population in Burdwan district, West Bengal. This study was performed on 693 healthy paediatric subjects, aged between 3 months to 18 years and divided into five groups. Early morning non-fasting urine samples from all study groups were analyzed for Ca/Cr ratio. A negative correlation was observed between age and urinary Ca/Cr ratio, but there was no significant difference of urinary Ca/Cr ratio between two sexes. Considering 97.5th percentile of the underlying distribution of values as the upper limit of reference range, upper reference values of urinary Ca/Cr ratio for age groups

Association of urinary albumin excretion with central foveal thickness and intravitreal conbercept treatment frequency in patients with diabetic macular edema

AIM: To investigate the effect of albuminuria on diabetic macular edema(DME) and the possible association between baseline urinary albumin excretion(UAE) and intravitreal conbercept(IVC) treatment frequency in DME patients. METHODS: In this hospital-based retrospective study, a total of 350 in-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and their clinical records were reviewed. Thereafter, 52 patients identified with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) combined with albuminuria were divided into the microalbuminuria(UAE 30-300 mg/24 h) and macroalbuminuria(UAE>300 mg/24 h) groups, which were compared and analyzed by both independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Correlations between the systemic variables and the central foveal thickness(CFT) were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses. Of the 52 patients with centerinvolved DME, 43 received an initial combined injection of conbercept(0.5 mg/0.05 mL) and triamcinolone acetonide(1 mg/0.05 mL), followed by an IVC injection, as needed. The relationship between baseline UAE and number of IVCinjections during the first year of treatment was analyzed using Spearman’s partial correlation.RESULTS: Of 350 patients, a higher incidence of DME was observed in severe non-proliferative retinopathy(NPDR) patients than that observed in other groups. By dividing the 52 patients with severe NPDR into the micro-and macro-albuminuria subgroups, significant differences in CFT, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and serum creatinine levels, and UAE were revealed. Furthermore, a positive liner correlation between the UAE and CFT was found. Finally, the partial correlation coefficient adjusted for either the CFT or UAE indicated that both parameters directly correlated with the number of IVC injections administered during the 12 mo of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Generally, macular edema occurred in patients with severe NPDR, for whom the UAE is an independent risk predictor of DME. The baseline UAE and CFT predicted the treatment frequency of IVC injections administered in the first year for eyes with DME.

The correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective:To study the correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: A total of 78 patients with DN treated in our hospital December 2012 and March 2016 were collected and divided into early diabetic nephropathy group (n=51) and middle-advanced diabetic nephropathy group (n=27) according to the DN grading standard;60 subjects with normal renal function who receiving physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Immediately after admission, the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of all groups were determined;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine renal function index levels, ELISA method was used to determine inflammatory factor levels, and RIA method was used to determine the oxidative stress index levels;Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation of UAER value with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with DN.Results:Differences in UAER value as well as renal function index, inflammatory response index and oxidative stress index levels were statistically significant among three groups of subjects. UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of early DN group and middle-advanced DN group were higher than those of normal control group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of normal control group;UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of middle-advanced DN group was higher than those of early DN group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of early DN group;UAER value in patients with DN was correlated with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Conclusion:UAER value can directly reflect the renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with DN, and be the reliable means for early disease diagnosis and treatment guidance.

2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与代谢指标的相关性

目的分析2型糖尿病患者25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,初步了解血清25(OH)D水平与2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛功能等代谢指标的相关性。方法选择新乡市第一人民医院内分泌科2020年1月至2020年12月收治的459例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血清25(OH)D、空腹胰岛素、C肽、HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值、血钙、血尿酸(UA)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等。根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为充足组[n=20,25(OH)D≥30μg·L^(-1)]、不足组[n=95,20μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<30μg·L^(-1)]、缺乏组[n=231,10μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<20μg·L^(-1)]、严重缺乏组[n=113,25(OH)D<10μg·L^(-1)]。比较4组患者各代谢指标的差异,采用Pearson相关分析25(OH)D与各代谢指标的相关性。结果2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平为3.00~46.59(15.75±0.35)μg·L^(-1),男性患者的血清25(OH)D水平显著高于女性患者(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏的患病率为74.9%(344/459),25(OH)D缺乏主要发生在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。不足组、缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于充足组(P<0.05),缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于不足组(P<0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。充足组与不足组、缺乏组与严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖显著高于充足组、不足组(P<0.05)。充足组、不足组、缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素、尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);严重缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素显著低于充足组、不足组和缺乏组,尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值显著高于充足组、不足组和缺乏组(P<0.05)。4组患者的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关(r=-0.093、-0.166、-0.157,P<0.05),与空腹胰岛素呈正相关(r=0.089,P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与空腹血糖、HOMA-IR、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙等无相关性(P>0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏与不足普遍存在,女性患者缺乏更明显。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D水平与空腹胰岛素呈正相关,与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关,25(OH)D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者主要分布在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。

我国社区人群甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的相关性

目的探讨我国社区人群甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积(TyG)指数与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性,并比较不同胰岛素抵抗指数和肥胖指数对异常白蛋白尿预测价值的差异。方法共纳入来自REACTION(中国糖尿病患者癌症风险评估)数据库的34655例受试者,根据UACR值将其分为正常白蛋白尿组和异常白蛋白尿组,再根据TyG指数将其再分为TyG-Q_(1)组~TyG-Q_(4)组。收集所有受试者一般临床资料、实验室检查指标及各项指数并分组进行比较。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估TyG指数与UACR异常的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TyG指数等新型指标对异常白蛋白尿的预测效能。结果Q_(2)、Q_(3)和Q_(4)组受试者异常白蛋白尿发生率、体重、WC、HC、TC、ALT、AST、GGT、SBP、DBP均显著高于Q_(1)组;Q_(3)组受试者LDL-C显著高于Q_(1)组;Q_(4)组受试者身高显著高于Q_(1)组(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,TyG指数作为连续变量时,TyG指数与UACR异常呈显著正相关;TyG指数为分类变量时,高TyG指数与UACR异常呈显著正相关(Q3组P=0.015,Q4组P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG指数、HOME-IR、METS-IR、CVAI、ABSI和BMI对异常白蛋白尿发生均具有预测价值(P<0.001),TyG指数和CVAI的预测价值显著高于其他指标(P<0.05),但两者的预测效能无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论TyG指数升高与中国社区人群UACR异常显著相关,TyG指数和CVAI对异常白蛋白尿的发生预测价值最高,提示其在临床预测中具有潜在应用价值。

膜性肾病患者抗磷脂酶A2受体抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性

目的探讨膜性肾病(MN)患者抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性。方法回顾性选取2020年5月至2021年4月就诊于厦门大学附属第一医院的79例MN患者作为MN组。另选取同期45例临床诊断非MN患者作为对照组。比较两组抗PLA2R抗体定量水平的差异及不同截断值下的诊断性能。收集MN组血清和尿液标志物检测结果,包括尿液24 h尿蛋白(24 h-UTP)、尿微量清蛋白(ALB)与肌酐(Cr)比值(ACR)以及血清总蛋白(TP)、ALB、尿素氮(BUN)、Cr、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂胱抑素C(Cys C)水平。根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO2012)指南以抗PLA2R抗体定量150 RU/mL为截断值分成低浓度组(≤150 RU/mL)和高浓度组(>150 RU/mL),分析比较各肾损伤标志物差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价诊断效能。采用Spearman相关分析抗PLA2R抗体水平与24 h-UTP、ACR、ALB、BUN的相关性。结果MN组抗PLA2R抗体水平[79.80(21.70,206.70)RU/mL]高于对照组[1.54(1.36,1.74)RU/mL],差异有统计学意义(Z=-8.47,P<0.01)。<40岁、40~60岁、>60岁抗PLA2R抗体水平分别为40.9(21.4,84.9)RU/mL、73.2(5.1,202.5)RU/mL、171.6(40.9,460.2)RU/mL,抗PLA2R抗体水平随年龄升高而升高,差异有统计学意义(H=10.44,P<0.05)。截断值≥20 RU/mL时,抗PLA2R抗体诊断MN的特异度为100.0%,但灵敏度仅78.5%。ROC曲线分析结果显示,最佳截断值为2.16 RU/mL时,灵敏度为92.4%,特异度为95.6%,约登指数为0.880。高浓度组纳入27例患者,低浓度组纳入52例患者。高浓度组24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN水平明显高于低浓度组,ALB水平明显低于低浓度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,抗PLA2R抗体与24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN呈正相关(r=0.635、0.628、0.240,P<0.05),与ALB呈负相关(r=-0.344,P<0.05)。结论抗PLA2R抗体定量水平对于MN患者具有较好诊断价值,抗PLA2R抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物存在一定相关性,研究结果为本地区MN的临床诊断治疗提供参考。

蛋白尿与估算肾小球滤过率联合对糖尿病患者新发心血管疾病的影响

目的 观察估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)和尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值(urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, uACR)评估肾功能的一致性,探讨二者联合对糖尿病患者新发心脑血管疾病(cardia-cerebrovascular disease, CVD)(包括心力衰竭、心肌梗死、脑卒中)的影响。方法 选择参加开滦第5次或第6次健康体检且进行尿微量白蛋白及尿肌酐、血肌酐检测的8 791例2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者为研究对象。依据基线uACR和eGFR水平分组:正常组(uACR<3 mg/mmol且eGFR≥90 mL·min^(-1)·1.73 m^(-2))、单纯eGFR下降组(uACR<3 mg/mmol且eGFR<90 mL·min^(-1)·1.73 m^(-2))、单纯uACR升高组(uACR≥3 mg/mmol且eGFR≥90 mL·min^(-1)·1.73 m^(-2))和uACR升高合并eGFR下降组(uACR≥3 mg/mmol且eGFR<90 mL·min^(-1)·1.73 m^(-2))。观察eGFR和uACR评估的肾功能是否一致。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析uACR和eGFR联合分组对CVD发病风险的影响。结果 (1)研究对象基线年龄为(60.97±9.99)岁,男性占79.05%,中位uACR为1.68(0.81,4.60)mg/mmol,平均eGFR为(92.14±16.52) mL·min^(-1)·1.73 m^(-2),uACR升高与eGFR下降不一致者占43.59%。(2)中位随访时间为3.83年,共发生CVD事件694例(7.89%),4组总CVD事件的发病密度分别为12.96/1 000人年、19.04/1 000人年、25.65/1 000人年和46.87/1 000人年。(3)与正常组相比,单纯eGFR下降组、单纯uACR升高组和uACR升高合并eGFR下降组新发总CVD事件的风险分别升高1.06(95%CI 0.73~1.55)倍、1.99(95%CI 1.41~2.80)倍和3.00(95%CI 2.12~4.25)倍。结论 eGFR下降和uACR升高所评估的肾功能不一致现象较为常见,二者对CVD发病的影响存在联合作用。

肾移植术后尿路感染209例的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的特点及其相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析209例肾移植受者的临床资料,按照术后随访时间分为3个时期,第一时期为移植术后1个月内,第二时期为术后1~6个月,第三时期为术后7~12个月。分析肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的发生情况,发生尿路感染受者的尿培养结果及常见病原菌耐药特点。分析反复尿路感染者的菌群,分析尿路感染的危险因素及尿路感染对移植肾功能的影响。结果第一时期尿路感染率为90.0%,第二时期尿路感染率为49.3%,第三时期尿路感染率为22.5%。第二时期、第三时期亲属活体器官捐献男性受者的尿路感染率低于女性受者(均为P<0.05)。尿培养结果阳性60例,共检出病原菌84株,以革兰阴性菌为主,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占比最高。66例受者反复发生尿路感染,检出病原菌包括肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、光滑假丝酵母菌和其他。单因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,术前尿路感染、供者类型是第二时期发生尿路感染组的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素(均为P<0.05)。第三时期治愈65例,未治愈38例,治愈患者治疗后血清肌酐及白细胞水平较治疗前下降(均为P<0.05)。结论肾移植受者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为主,其耐药性较高;术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、女性和高龄是肾移植受者发生尿路感染的危险因素。

同型半胱氨酸及尿蛋白肌酐比与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:本研究拟观察糖尿病肾病患者合并不同程度肾脏损害时,机体血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的水平,并分析其与糖尿病肾病中肾脏损害的关系。方法:选取400例糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象(糖尿病肾病组);200例单纯2型糖尿病患者为对照组(2型糖尿病组)。对比两组患者血清Hcy与UACR的水平。参照肾小球滤过率(GFR)相关标准分组(将G1、G2期纳入早期糖尿病肾病组,G3-G5期纳入晚期糖尿病肾病组),对比两组患者年龄、性别等一般资料及血清Hcy与UACR水平。经二元回归分析后,将P值放宽至<0.1,将符合条件的因素同时纳入作为自变量,经Logistic回归分析上述指标与GFR水平的相关性。结果:与单纯2型糖尿病组患者相比,糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy与UACR水平较高(P<0.05);两组其他一般资料无统计学差异(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾损伤有关(OR=1.577,95%CI:1.320~1.738,P<0.05;OR=1.031,95%CI:1.024~1.038,P<0.05);晚期糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy及UACR水平高于早期糖尿病肾病组患者,GFR水平低于早期糖尿病肾病组患者(P<0.05);经双变量Spearman直线相关性检验显示,血清Hcy及UACR水平与糖尿病肾病患者肾损伤程度(GFR水平)均呈负相关(r=-0.468、-0.719,P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病肾病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾脏损害(GFR水平)密切相关。

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇结合蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(ACR)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 对2022年1月—2023年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者200例临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否有糖尿病肾病分为肾病组(100例)、单纯糖尿病(DM)组(100例),均接受ACR、RBP及β2-MG联合检测,对检测结果进行分析。结果 肾病组ACR、RBP、β2-MG水平与单纯糖尿病组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);肾病组患者不同Mogensen分期患者的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇及尿β2微球蛋白水平比较有明显差异(P<0.05);单项检测的诊断特异度、灵敏度明显较联合检测低(P<0.05)。结论 ACR、RBP、β2-MG联合检测对糖尿病肾病具有较高的检测价值,在出现早期肾损伤时即可检出,也有助于评估肾病程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据。

尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐、血清胱抑素C、血清β2-微球蛋白在高血压肾病早期诊断中的价值

目的研讨尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(UACR)、血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)再诊断早期高血压肾病中的价值。方法选择新乡医学院第三附属医院2022年1月至2022年12月收入的82例高血压患者,依照有无合并肾病分为高血压无明确肾病组40例和高血压肾病组42例,再选择42例同期入院的健康体检者为对照组。检测所有研究对象UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平,对比三组检测结果。结果高血压肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平均高于高血压无明确肾病组和对照组,高血压无明确肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肾脏受损分级高血压患者的UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平存在差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着肾脏受损分级的增高,UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平也在不断增高;UACR联合Cys-C联合β2-MG检测高血压肾病阳性率97.62%,高于UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG单一检测的85.71%、80.95%、76.19%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG值均与肾脏受损程度呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG联合检测可辅助诊断早期高血压肾病,在临床应将三项指标联合应用,但还需结合病史和临床表现综合诊断。

不同剂量非奈利酮治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病的疗效及对血清IGF-1、IL-6水平的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量非奈利酮治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者的临床疗效及对血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法 选取2023年1月至2023年8月荆州市中心医院就诊的76例早期DKD患者为研究对象,随机分为小剂量组(10 mg/d,n=38)和大剂量组(20 mg/d,n=38),比较两组治疗前及治疗12周后肾功能指标[尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、血清肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)]、血钾、血压及血清IGF-1、IL-6水平的变化。结果 治疗后,两组UACR、Scr、IGF-1、IL-6均低于治疗前(P<0.05),eGFR、血钾均高于治疗前,且大剂量组上述指标改善效果优于小剂量组(P<0.05);两组治疗后SBP、DBP与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,治疗前UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平呈正相关;治疗后,大剂量组UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平呈正相关,小剂量组UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平无相关性。结论 与小剂量非奈利酮相比,大剂量非奈利酮能减少早期DKD患者的尿蛋白,降低血清IGF-1与IL-6水平,进一步改善肾功能,但可能有一定的血钾升高风险,临床应用时需关注。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)与糖尿病肾病(DKD)的相关性。方法收集2019年1月至12月陕西省人民医院内分泌科住院的122例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床资料,按尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)分为单纯糖尿病(DM)组(UACR<30 mg/g,89例)、DKD组(UACR≥30 mg/g,33例)。比较两组临床资料,采用logistic回归分析T2DM患者发生DKD的危险因素,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价Cys C对DKD的预测价值。结果DKD组收缩压、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、球蛋白、血清肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、尿α_(1)微球蛋白、UACR、Cys C均高于单纯DM组,病程长于单纯DM组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,Cys C是DKD的危险因素(OR=28.369,95%CI:1.208~666.129,P=0.038)。ROC曲线分析显示,Cys C预测DKD的曲线下面积为0.757(P<0.05)。结论Cys C与T2DM合并DKD密切相关,检测Cys C可用于评估DKD病情进展。

昆明市2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响

目的分析昆明市2社区2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2022年7月昆明市官渡、小板桥2个社区纳入慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者138例,完善基本信息采集、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等相关检查,进行Morisliy服药依从性量表(8-item Morisky medication adherence scale,MMAS-8)问卷调查,分析服药依从性高(A组)、中(B组)、低(C组)3组的HbAlc等指标水平,并进行统计学分析。结果A组病例数占22.5%,B组占44.9%,C组占32.6%。2组间的尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)、HbA1c、血肌酐差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平低于B组、C组患者,UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐与用药依从率存在相关性,呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论昆明市官渡社区、小板桥2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性高的患者比例仅为22.5%。依从性越高,患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平越低,两者之间存在相关性,提示应将服药的依从性作为社区糖尿病慢病管理中重点之一,并应加强对患者服药依从性的干预。