Cyberattack Detection Framework Using Machine Learning and User Behavior Analytics

This paper proposes a novel framework to detect cyber-attacks using Machine Learning coupled with User Behavior Analytics.The framework models the user behavior as sequences of events representing the user activities at such a network.The represented sequences are thenfitted into a recurrent neural network model to extract features that draw distinctive behavior for individual users.Thus,the model can recognize frequencies of regular behavior to profile the user manner in the network.The subsequent procedure is that the recurrent neural network would detect abnormal behavior by classifying unknown behavior to either regu-lar or irregular behavior.The importance of the proposed framework is due to the increase of cyber-attacks especially when the attack is triggered from such sources inside the network.Typically detecting inside attacks are much more challenging in that the security protocols can barely recognize attacks from trustful resources at the network,including users.Therefore,the user behavior can be extracted and ultimately learned to recognize insightful patterns in which the regular patterns reflect a normal network workflow.In contrast,the irregular patterns can trigger an alert for a potential cyber-attack.The framework has been fully described where the evaluation metrics have also been introduced.The experimental results show that the approach performed better compared to other approaches and AUC 0.97 was achieved using RNN-LSTM 1.The paper has been concluded with pro-viding the potential directions for future improvements.

Free Riding Inhibition Mechanism Based on User Behavior in P2P File-Sharing System

In order to inhibit Free Riding in Peer-toPeer(P2P) file-sharing systems,the Free Riding Inhibition Mechanism Based on User Behavior(IMBUB) is proposed.IMBUB considers the regularity of user behavior and models user behavior by analyzing many definitions and formulas.In IMBUB,Bandwidth Allocated Ratio,Incentive Mechanism Based on User Online Time,Double Reward Mechanism,Incentive Mechanism of Sharing for Permission and Inhibition Mechanism of White-washing Behavior are put forward to inhibit Free Riding and encourage user sharing.A P2P file system BITShare is designed and realized under the conditions of a campus network environment.The test results show that BITShare's Query Hit Ratio has a significant increase from 22% to 99%,and the sharing process in BITShare is very optimistic.Most users opt to use online time to exchange service quality instead of white-washing behavior,and the real white-ishing ratio in BITShare is lower than 1%.We confirm that IMBUB can effectively inhibit Free Riding behavior in P2P file-sharing systems.

User Behaviors Analysis in Website Identification Registration

Nowadays, an increasing number of web applications require identification registration. However, the behavior of website registration has not ever been thoroughly studied. We use the database provided by the Chinese Software Develop Net (CSDN) to provide a complete perspective on this research point. We concentrate on the following three aspects: complexity, correlation, and preference. From these analyses, we draw the following conclusions: firstly, a considerable number of users have not realized the importance of identification and are using very simple identifications that can be attacked very easily. Secondly, there is a strong complexity correlation among the three parts of identification. Thirdly, the top three passwords that users like are 123456789, 12345678 and 11111111, and the top three email providers that they prefer are NETEASE, qq and sina. Further, we provide some suggestions to improve the quality of user passwords.

User Behavior Traffic Analysis Using a Simplified Memory-Prediction Framework

As nearly half of the incidents in enterprise security have been triggered by insiders,it is important to deploy a more intelligent defense system to assist enterprises in pinpointing and resolving the incidents caused by insiders or malicious software(malware)in real-time.Failing to do so may cause a serious loss of reputation as well as business.At the same time,modern network traffic has dynamic patterns,high complexity,and large volumes that make it more difficult to detect malware early.The ability to learn tasks sequentially is crucial to the development of artificial intelligence.Existing neurogenetic computation models with deep-learning techniques are able to detect complex patterns;however,the models have limitations,including catastrophic forgetfulness,and require intensive computational resources.As defense systems using deep-learning models require more time to learn new traffic patterns,they cannot perform fully online(on-the-fly)learning.Hence,an intelligent attack/malware detection system with on-the-fly learning capability is required.For this paper,a memory-prediction framework was adopted,and a simplified single cell assembled sequential hierarchical memory(s.SCASHM)model instead of the hierarchical temporal memory(HTM)model is proposed to speed up learning convergence to achieve onthe-fly learning.The s.SCASHM consists of a Single Neuronal Cell(SNC)model and a simplified Sequential Hierarchical Superset(SHS)platform.The s.SCASHMis implemented as the prediction engine of a user behavior analysis tool to detect insider attacks/anomalies.The experimental results show that the proposed memory model can predict users’traffic behavior with accuracy level ranging from 72%to 83%while performing on-the-fly learning.

User Behavior Path Analysis Based on Sales Data

With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing popularity of the Internet,the number of network users is gradually expanding,and the behavior of network users is becoming more and more complex.Users’actual demand for resources on the network application platform is closely related to their historical behavior records.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the user behavior path conversion rate.Therefore,this paper analyses and studies user behavior path based on sales data.Through analyzing the user quality of the website as well as the user’s repurchase rate,repurchase rate and retention rate in the website,we can get some user habits and use the data to guide the website optimization.

Container Networking Performance Analysis for Large-Scale User Behavior Simulation

Accurately simulating large-scale user behavior is important to improve the similarity between the cyber range and the real network environment. The Linux Container provides a method to simulate the behavior of large-scale users under the constraints of limited physical resources. In a container-based virtualization environment, container networking is an important component. To evaluate the impact of different networking methods between the containers on the simulation performance, the typical container networking methods such as none, bridge, macvlan were analyzed, and the performance of different networking methods was evaluated according to the throughput and latency metrics. The experiments show that under the same physical resource constraints, the macvlan networking method has the best network performance, while the bridge method has the worst performance. This result provides a reference for selecting the appropriate networking method in the user behavior simulation process.

A Study on the Impacting Path Mechanism of User Behavior Habits for Tourism Social Website

Along with the development of socialized media and self-help tourism,tourism industry has been going into tourism social times.Based on technology acceptance model,use and gratifications approach,and weighted and calculated needs theory,this study explored the impact of perceived popularity,perceived characteristics,and perceived need on the use of tourism social network site and being a member of it.This study also discussed the interaction of perceived popularity,perceived characteristics,and perceived need.The findings of this paper could be used to help the management operator pay attention to strengthen the function of tourism social network site in order to provide better information for users and satisfied the needs of users.

AMachine Learning Approach to User Profiling for Data Annotation of Online Behavior

The user’s intent to seek online information has been an active area of research in user profiling.User profiling considers user characteristics,behaviors,activities,and preferences to sketch user intentions,interests,and motivations.Determining user characteristics can help capture implicit and explicit preferences and intentions for effective user-centric and customized content presentation.The user’s complete online experience in seeking information is a blend of activities such as searching,verifying,and sharing it on social platforms.However,a combination of multiple behaviors in profiling users has yet to be considered.This research takes a novel approach and explores user intent types based on multidimensional online behavior in information acquisition.This research explores information search,verification,and dissemination behavior and identifies diverse types of users based on their online engagement using machine learning.The research proposes a generic user profile template that explains the user characteristics based on the internet experience and uses it as ground truth for data annotation.User feedback is based on online behavior and practices collected by using a survey method.The participants include both males and females from different occupation sectors and different ages.The data collected is subject to feature engineering,and the significant features are presented to unsupervised machine learning methods to identify user intent classes or profiles and their characteristics.Different techniques are evaluated,and the K-Mean clustering method successfully generates five user groups observing different user characteristics with an average silhouette of 0.36 and a distortion score of 1136.Feature average is computed to identify user intent type characteristics.The user intent classes are then further generalized to create a user intent template with an Inter-Rater Reliability of 75%.This research successfully extracts different user types based on their preferences in online content,platforms,criteria,and frequency.The study also validates the proposed template on user feedback data through Inter-Rater Agreement process using an external human rater.

The Intersection of Privacy by Design and Behavioral Economics: Nudging Users towards Privacy-Friendly Choices

This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.

User Profile & Attitude Analysis Based on Unstructured Social Media and Online Activity

As social media and online activity continue to pervade all age groups, it serves as a crucial platform for sharing personal experiences and opinions as well as information about attitudes and preferences for certain interests or purchases. This generates a wealth of behavioral data, which, while invaluable to businesses, researchers, policymakers, and the cybersecurity sector, presents significant challenges due to its unstructured nature. Existing tools for analyzing this data often lack the capability to effectively retrieve and process it comprehensively. This paper addresses the need for an advanced analytical tool that ethically and legally collects and analyzes social media data and online activity logs, constructing detailed and structured user profiles. It reviews current solutions, highlights their limitations, and introduces a new approach, the Advanced Social Analyzer (ASAN), that bridges these gaps. The proposed solutions technical aspects, implementation, and evaluation are discussed, with results compared to existing methodologies. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions to further enhance the utility and effectiveness of social media data analysis.

Database Search Behaviors: Insight from a Survey of Information Retrieval Practices

This study examines the database search behaviors of individuals, focusing on gender differences and the impact of planning habits on information retrieval. Data were collected from a survey of 198 respondents, categorized by their discipline, schooling background, internet usage, and information retrieval preferences. Key findings indicate that females are more likely to plan their searches in advance and prefer structured methods of information retrieval, such as using library portals and leading university websites. Males, however, tend to use web search engines and self-archiving methods more frequently. This analysis provides valuable insights for educational institutions and libraries to optimize their resources and services based on user behavior patterns.

Analysis of Dynamic Appliance Flexibility Considering User Behavior via Non-intrusive Load Monitoring and Deep User Modeling

The research on non-intrusive load monitoring(NILM)and the growing deployment of home energy manage-ment system(HEMS)have made it possible for households to have a detailed understanding of their power usage and to make appliances participate in demand response(DR)programs.Appliance flexibility analysis helps the HEMS dispatching appli-ances to participate in DR programs without violating user’s comfort level.In this paper,a dynamic appliance flexibility analysis approach using the smart meter data is presented.In the training phase,the smart meter data is preprocessed by NILM to obtain user’s appliances usage behaviors,which is used to train the user model.During operation,the NILM is used to infer recent appliances usage behaviors,and then the user model predicts user’s appliances usage behaviors in the DR period considering long-term behaviors dependences,correlations between appliances and temporal information.The flexibility of each appliance is calculated based on the appliance characteristics as well as the predicted user’s appliances usage behaviors caused by the control of the appliance.The HEMS can choose the appliance with high flexibility to participate in the DR programs.The case study demonstrates the performance of the user model and illustrates how the appliance flexibility analysis is performed using a real-world case.

Web search engine:characteristics of user behaviors and their implication

In this paper, first studied are the distribution characteristics of user behaviors based on log data from a massive web search engine. Analysis shows that stochastic distribution of user queries accords with the characteristics of power-law function and exhibits strong similarity, and the user' s queries and clicked URLs present dramatic locality, which implies that query cache and 'hot click' cache can be employed to improve system performance. Then three typical cache replacement policies are compared, including LRU, FIFO, and LFU with attenuation. In addition, the distribution character-istics of web information are also analyzed, which demonstrates that the link popularity and replica pop-ularity of a URL have positive influence on its importance. Finally, variance between the link popularity and user popularity, and variance between replica popularity and user popularity are analyzed, which give us some important insight that helps us improve the ranking algorithms in a search engine.

User behavior modeling for better Web search ranking

Modem search engines record user interactions and use them to improve search quality. In particular, user click-through has been successfully used to improve click- through rate （CTR）, Web search ranking, and query rec- ommendations and suggestions. Although click-through logs can provide implicit feedback of users＇ click preferences, de- riving accurate absolute relevance judgments is difficult be- cause of the existence of click noises and behavior biases. Previous studies showed that user clicking behaviors are bi- ased toward many aspects such as ＂position＂ （user＇s attention decreases from top to bottom） and ＂trust＂ （Web site reputa- tions will affect user＇s judgment）. To address these problems, researchers have proposed several behavior models （usually referred to as click models） to describe users？ practical browsing behaviors and to obtain an unbiased estimation of result relevance. In this study, we review recent efforts to construct click models for better search ranking and propose a novel convolutional neural network architecture for build- ing click models. Compared to traditional click models, our model not only considers user behavior assumptions as input signals but also uses the content and context information of search engine result pages. In addition, our model uses pa- rameters from traditional click models to restrict the meaning of some outputs in our model＇s hidden layer. Experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve consider- able improvement over state-of-the-art click models based on the evaluation metric of click perplexity.

Using log mining to analyze user behavior on search engine

Users＇ behavior analysis has become one of the most important research topics, especially in terms of performance optimization, architecture analysis, and system maintenance, due to the rapid growth of search engine users. By adequately performing analysis on log data, researchers and Internet companies can get guidance to better search engines. In this paper, we perform our analysis based on approximately 750million entries of search requests obtained from log of a real commercial search engine. Several aspects of users＇ behavior are studied, including query length, ratio of query refining, recommendation access, and so on. Different information needs may lead to different behaviors, and we address this discussion in this paper. We firmly believe that these analyses would be helpful with respect of improving both effectiveness and efficiency of search engines.

Exploring users' within-site navigation behavior:A case study based on clickstream data

Purpose:The goal of our research is to suggest specific Web metrics that are useful for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites.Design/methodology/approach:We revised metrics in a Web forensic framework proposed in the literature and defined the metrics of footprint,track and movement.Data were obtained from user clickstreams provided by a real estate site’s administrators.There were two phases of data analysis with the first phase on navigation behavior based on user footprints and tracks,and the second phase on navigational transition patterns based on user movements.Findings:Preliminary results suggest that the apartment pages were heavily-trafficked while the agent pages and related information pages were underused to a great extent.Navigation within the same category of pages was prevalent,especially when users navigated among the regional apartment listings.However,navigation of these pages was found to be inefficient.Research limitations:The suggestions for navigation design optimization provided in the paper are specific to this website,and their applicability to other online environments needs to be verified.Preference predications or personal recommendations are not made during the current stage of research.Practical implications:Our clickstream data analysis results offer a base for future research.Meanwhile,website administrators and managers can make better use of the readily available clickstream data to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of their site navigation design.Originality/value:Our empirical study is valuable to those seeking analysis metrics for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites based on clickstream data.Our attempts to analyze the log file in terms of footprint,track and movement will enrich the utilization of such trace data to engender a deeper understanding of users’within-site navigation behavior.

Study of matching model between tariff package and user behavior

As the telecommunication market in China becomes increasingly mature, operators have begun to focus their primary effort on user management; within this focus, determining the proper tariff package for users and offering them relevant recommendations are key issues to resolve. This paper introduces a matching model that links tariff packages and users＇ usage behavior （e.g., the total minutes used, data usage, etc.） based on the market segmenting theory. Microsoft Visual Fox Pro 9.0 is selected as the development tool to implement the matching model, while the tariff packages and user behavior data for a city branch of China Mobile are used to validate the model.

Aesthetics of urban commercial streets from the perspective of cognitive memory and user behavior in urban environments

Streets are one of the major elements that make-up the urban environment. Urban commercial and mixed-use street types occur as public spaces in every town and city all around the world. With the paucity of such spaces, streets have taken up to solve the problem. Hence, this study assesses the key physical, visual, and aesthetical characteristics and examines the influence of aesthetical attributes over the activity pattern, user behavioral responses, and the color palette observed. Moreover, this research has been carried out in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Four significant commercial streets were identified and featured in the main study. The research method comprehends a structured questionnaire and multiple interviews to amass data, photo elicitation, and video corroboration to identify the key visual characteristics to study and scrutinize the aesthetical responses to various attributes that make good-looking urban commercial and mixed-use street types. The results of the study indicate that the diversity and perceived pleasantness of the environment, which includes elements such as facades, colors, aspect ratios, maintenance, and vegetation, has a very close association with walking preferences. The outcome of the study would also help architects, urban designers and planners, and policy makers to create positive spaces to foster urban commercial street types as place-making and aesthetically pleasing streets.

The Research on E-mail Users' Behavior of Participating in Subjects Based on Social Network Analysis

The e-mail network is a type of social network. This study analyzes user behavior in e-mail subject participation in organizations by using social network analysis. First, the Enron dataset and the position-related information of an employee are introduced, and methods for deletion of false data are presented. Next, the three-layer model(User, Subject, Keyword) is proposed for analysis of user behavior. Then, the proposed keyword selection algorithm based on a greedy approach, and the influence and propagation of an e-mail subject are defined. Finally, the e-mail user behavior is analyzed for the Enron organization. This study has considerable significance in subject recommendation and character recognition.

Evaluation of Microblog Users’ Influence Based on PageRank and Users Behavior Analysis

This paper explores the uses’ influences on microblog. At first, according to the social network theory, we present an analysis of information transmitting network structure based on the relationship of following and followed phenomenon of microblog users. Informed by the microblog user behavior analysis, the paper also addresses a model for calculating weights of users’ influence. It proposes a U-R model, using which we can evaluate users’ influence based on PageRank algorithms and analyzes user behaviors. In the U-R model, the effect of user behaviors is explored and PageRank is applied to evaluate the importance and the influence of every user in a microblog network by repeatedly iterating their own U-R value. The users’ influences in a microblog network can be ranked by the U-R value. Finally, the validity of U-R model is proved with a real-life numerical example.