Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2(ESR2)regulates pollen maturation and vitality in watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)holds global significance as a fruit with high economic and nutritional value.Exploring the regulatory network of watermelon male reproductive development is crucial for developing male sterile materials and facilitating cross-breeding.Despite its importance,there is a lack of research on the regulation mechanism of male reproductive development in watermelon.In this study,we identified that ClESR2,a VIIIb subclass member in the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor(AP2/ERF)superfamily,was a key factor in pollen development.RNA insitu hybridization confirmed significantClESR2 expression in the tapetum and pollen during the later stage of anther development.The pollens of transgenic plants showed major defects in morphology and vitality at the late development stage.The RNA-seq and protein interaction assay confirmed that ClESR2 regulates pollen morphology and fertility by interacting with key genes involved in pollen development at both transcriptional and protein levels.These suggest that Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2(ESR2)plays an important role in pollen maturation and vitality.This study helps understand the male reproductive development of watermelon,providing a theoretical foundation for developing male sterile materials.

Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective:A Case Study of Chongqing,China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built environment.This paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human activities.Using newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in Chongqing,a provincial city in western China and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities perspective.Our findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and significant.Among the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic diversity.However,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation dynamic.The positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of Chongqing’s jobs-housing balance.The case of Chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a city.This study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human activities.It contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

Earth vitality:An integrated framework for tracking Earth sustainability

The Anthropocene era is characterized by the escalating impact of human activities on the environment,as well as the increasingly complex interactions among various components of the Earth system.These factors greatly affect the Earth's evolutionary trajectory.Despite notable strides in sustainable development practices worldwide,it remains unclear to what extent we have achieved Earth sustainability.Consequently,there is a pressing need to enhance conceptual and methodological frameworks to measure sustainability progress accurately.To address this need,we developed an Earth Vitality Framework that aids in tracking the Earth sustainability progress by considering interactions between spheres,recognizing the equal relationship between humans and nature,and presenting a threshold scheme for all measures.We applied this framework at global and national scales to demonstrate its usefulness.Our findings reveal that the current Earth Vitality Index is 63.74,indicating that the Earth is in a"weak"vitality.Irrational social institutions,unsatisfactory life experiences and the poor state of the biosphere and hydrosphere have remarkably affected the Earth vitality.Additionally,inequality exists between high-income and low-income countries.Although most of the former exhibit poor human-nature interaction,all of them enjoy good human well-being,while the opposite is true for the latter.Finally,we summarize the challenges and possible options for enhancing the Earth vitality in terms of coping with spillover effects,tipping cascades,feedback,and heterogeneity.

Improvement of the Vitality of Public Space under the Background of Urban Renewal

As an indispensable part of urban development,urban renewal plays an important role in terms of promoting urban society,economy,culture,etc.,and has a profound impact on the sustainable development of cities and the happiness index of residents.Public space,as an important part of a city,plays a more critical role in urban renewal.The vitality of public space not only reflects the degree of urban cultural inheritance,but also shows the level of urban economic development,so it is an important issue that must be paid attention to in urban renewal work.In this paper,starting from the concept of urban renewal,public space and vitality,the influencing factors and methods of studying the vitality of public space under the background of urban renewal,as well as its advantages and limitations,were discussed,and some strategies for enhancing the vitality of public space under the background of urban renewal were finally put forward.It is expected to provide some reference and practical significance for the research and practice of urban renewal and the enhancement of the vitality of public space.

Data Collection and Research on the Vitality of Public Space in Traditional Villages: A Case Study of Cuandixia Village

The optimization and renewal of rural space is the foundation for building livable,business friendly and harmonious countryside.Three types of data on the spatial vitality of traditional villages are collected and analyzed.A street and alley axis map model is established using spatial syntax,and the degree of industry aggregation is quantified using POI data,and the results of syntactic calculation are validated with the help of popular review text preferences.Taking Cuandixia Village as an example,this paper found that its public space nodes have a pattern of one axis and scattered points;the street and alley space is well preserved but slightly lacking in transportation;the user group is single and the form is traditional.This paper could provide corresponding suggestions for stimulating the vitality of public spaces in traditional villages,in order to provide inspiration for the revitalization design of public spaces in traditional villages.

Research on Evaluation of Spatial Vitality and Influencing Factors of Guesthouses Public Areas Based on Rural Tourism Development

In recent years,China has continued to promote the strategy of rural revitalization.The rural tourism industry has developed rapidly in the context of rural revitalization.Now the rural B&B industry has become an important pillar in solving the problem of rural tourism accommodation.Most of the villages in China have begun to carry out the construction of rural lodging,for example,there are residents who use idle houses to carry out construction on their own initiative and projects developed by village collectives,so the rural lodging industry has been vigorously developed.The vitality of supporting industries and landscape resources around the distribution of rural lodging has become a hot spot of rural issues research in recent years.Therefore,we can use the method of data analysis to analyze the industry and function of the public area around the distribution of rural B&B.Through the comparison of data and the interpretation of related cases,the core elements affecting the spatial vitality of B&B public areas can be identified.We will analyze and improve the related elements to find a reasonable way to enhance the spatial vitality value.Finally,the article will put forward suggestions to improve the related spatial vitality as a way to promote the development of rural B&B industry and the progress of rural tourism.

Impact of human settlements quality on urban vitality based on multisource data:A case study of Shahekou District,Dalian,China

Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of human settlements’quality and urban vitality at the micro-scale using Geodetectors and geographic weighted regression to analyze the relationship between human settlements and urban vitality.The results are shown as follows:there is still a significant development space for human settlements quality in Shahekou District,with obvious spatial dependence characteristics and significant gaps between various systems;the urban vitality of Shahekou District has obvious timeliness,and the urban vitality undergoes significant changes over time,which is related to the human settlements quality.The spatial distribution presents a single core spatial distribution structure with strong relative stability.The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots shows a pattern of“high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west”,with an increasing trend from southwest to northeast;the reachability of public transport has a significant impact on urban vitality.Its synergy with other variables is the leading force forming the spatial distribution of urban vitality.The environmental system,support system and social system are the significant factors affecting the urban vitality of Shahekou District.

Low Level of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Associated with Human Sperm Autophagy and Vitality

Low sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, an anion channel protein) is related to the progressive motility of sperm. CFTR disruptor CFTRinh-172 or forskolin (FSK) in this study were used to treat human sperm separately, and the rates of sperm autophagy and progressive motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP concentration, and the expression levels of related factors were detected to explore their relationship. It was showed that sperms treated with CFTRinh-172 or FSK reduced the levels of cAMP, CFTR and PKA, but increased sperm autophagy rate, expression levels of AMPK and LC3B. However, reactive oxygen species content had no significant difference. It was indicated that low level of CFTR performed with cAMP and its downstream effectors such as PKA and AMPK to regulate mitochondrial structure and function, leading to increased autophagy rate and reduced vitality of sperm.

Analysis of Landscape Vitality of Historical and Cultural Blocks Based on AHPFuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method:A Case Study of Daopashi Street in Anqing City

Historical and cultural blocks are witnesses of history and inheritors of culture. As one of the main spaces for outdoor interaction in historical and cultural blocks, the improvement of its vitality is of great significance for the improvement of residential environment and the better inheritance of history and culture. Taking Daopashi Street in Anqing City as an example, an evaluation model of landscape spatial vitality of historical and cultural blocks was constructed from three aspects of viewing function, store status and service facilities, and analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the index weight and vaguely evaluate the landscape spatial vitality of historical and cultural blocks. The results show that through the comparison of weight, architectural style(0.317), the practicability of service facilities(0.168) and plant landscape(0.165) had a significant impact on the landscape spatial vitality of historical and cultural blocks,and the landscape spatial vitality of historical and cultural blocks in Daopashi Street in Anqing City was at a good level.

Current Status of Research on Pollen Vitality and Stigma Receptivity of Wuren Walnut(Juglans sigillata)in Guizhou Province

Wuren walnut is a unique germplasm resource of Juglans sigillata in Guizhou Province,named after its purple and black seed coat.It is a typical medicinal and edible plant with high nutritional value and good taste compared with ordinary walnut.The color of its inner seed coat is different from that of ordinary walnut,which is mostly light yellow.Wuren walnut has great market potential for development.To lay a theoretical foundation for the future breeding of improved varieties,pollination tree configuration,and hybrid breeding of Wuren walnut in Guizhou Province,this paper summarized the current research status of pollen vitality and stigma acceptability of Guizhou Wuren walnut in recent years,and looked forward to future research and application.

Why Teaching and Research Activities Lack Vitality?:A Probe into the Basic Psychological Needs of Teachers

Teaching and research activities are of great significance to the professional development of teachers.The basic psychological needs of teachers include autonomy,competence,and attribution.The engagement of teachers in teaching and research activities can be analyzed from these three perspectives.Under the management system of teaching and research,teachers generally lack autonomy in the organization of teaching and research activities;they are also lack scientific research knowledge and ability;in addition,under the influence of harmonious interpersonal relationships and the culture of individualism,there is a dearth in real communication among teachers.In light of this,we propose targeted countermeasures to promote the vitality of teaching and research activities.

Vitality and storage condition of Syringa pollen

The fresh pollen vitality, the effect of different storage conditions on the pollen vitality, and the difference of vitality among the species of seven species of Syringa were determined in Shenyang, China. The results indicated that the pollen vi-tality (81.5%) of Syringa villosa was the highest among the seven tested species, followed by S. microphylla and S. meyeri, and that of S. oblata var. affinis was the lowest. The low temperature was the best condition for storage of pollen of Syringa, and the most proper temperature for the storage was 0-2 癈. The storability of S. microphylla was the best of all, and it could be stored over 60 days at the temperature of 0-2 癈, next was S. villosa and S. meyeri.

Effects of Salt Stress on Root Vitality of Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different salt concentrations on the root vitality of Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze. [Method] Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. After two weeks, root vitality, biomass and other physiological indicators were measured. [Result] Salt stress had significant influences on the growth of roots. Root vitality of Limonium bicolor increased firstly and reduced gradually with the increase of salt concentration. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Limonium bicolor has certain salt tolerance ability at low salt concentrations; under relatively high salt concentrations, Limonium bicolor roots can maintain high vitality; however, with the continuous increase of salt concentration, Limonium bicolor roots are damaged, with decreasing vitality.

Vitality variation and population structure of a riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,NW China

Since 2000, the Chinese government has implemented emergency water diversion measures to restore the damaged riparian forest ecosystem with dominant tree species Euphrat poplar(Populus euphratica Oliv.)at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. In the present study, comparative analysis of variations in the vitality of P. euphratica trees were made using 2005 and 2010 data to illustrate the revitalization process of riparian forest. Poplar trees within 300 m of the riverbed were positively revitalized, while the vitality of trees farther than 300 m from the river decreased. Population structure was studied to demonstrate the development of poplar community. In the first belt, the class structure for the diameter at breast height(DBH) of P. euphratica fit a logistic model, and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th belt curve fittings were close to a Gaussian model; in other plots they were bimodal. Cluster analysis of the composition of the DBH class of poplar trees demonstrated that those within 16–36 cm DBH were the most abundant(58.49% of total) in study area, under 16 cm of DBH were second(31.36%), and trees >40 cm DBH were the least abundant(10.15%). More than 80% of the trees were young and medium-sized, which means that the poplar forest community in the vicinity of the lower Tarim River is at a stable developmental stage. The abundance of juvenile trees of P. euphratica in the first and second measuring belts was 12.13% in 2005 and increased to 25.52% in 2010, which means that the emergency water transfer had a positive impact on the generation of young P. euphratica trees in the vicinity of the river.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF CRYOPROTECTANTS ON SPERMATOZOON VITALITY OF CHINESE SCALLOP,CHLAMYS FARRERI,DURING LOW TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIUM

The effects of membrane penetrating anti-freezing agents(MPAAs), DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide),glycerol,EG(ethylene glycol) and methanol in combination with different cryoprotective additives suchas carbohydrates,macromolecules and inorganic compounds on the spermatozoon vitality of Chinesescallop,Chlamys farreri,during 1 h 0℃ equilibrium were investigated.When only MPAAs existed,the detrimental effects of different MPAAs ranked in the following order:DMSO【methanol【EG【glycerol.When carbohydrates were added into MPAAs solution,5% glucose caused larger decrease ofspermatozoon vitality than 2.4% lactose.5% glucose or 2.4% lactose in 7.5% glycerol caused com-plete damage.10% yolk was best in maintaining the spermatozoon vitality except when used incombination with 10% methanol.10% milk significantly decreased spermatozoon vitality in EG andmethanol and enhanced its vitality in glycerol,but did not significantly influence it in DMSO.Glycinewas apparently detrimental to spermatozoon vitality.The average

Typology-based Vitality Promotion of Urban Waterfront Public Space in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Revitalization of waterfront-a precious resource of city has gradually become popular worldwide. Cities around the Three Gorges Reservoir grow and proper for the Yangtze River,thus waterfront in these cities has been long ignored or faced with "constructive destruction" with the city development. This paper divided urban waterfront public spaces around the Three Gorges into 3 kinds of spaces,namely point,line and surface,from the perspective of typology,and put forward strategies such as functional renovation,and improvement of spatial scale from the perspectives of land use and traffic,to enhance the vitality of waterfront public space.

Impact of Smoking on Lifestyle and Vitality in College Students

There is a long history of studies on the bad influence of smoking on our bodies, with many study results accumulated to date indicating a decline in the smoking rate. However, the smoking rate in Japan is still higher than that in other countries. In order to reveal the various influences due to smoking, we examined the changes in lifestyle and vitality prior to and the following smoking, targeting college students who are at the early age of starting to smoke. The subjects were 213 college students (83 men and 130 women). Smoking frequency as well as sleeping, eating habits, exercise, and vitality as a lifestyle were surveyed through a questionnaire survey. As a result of comparing smoking and lifestyle between the smoking group and non-smoking group, in terms of sleep, the bedtime and wake-up time tended to be late in the smoking group. Regarding eating habits, there was a tendency for the smoking group to have a high rate of skipping breakfast and a high intake rate of midnight snacks. Regarding exercise, the number of people exercising on a daily basis was small in both the smoking group and the non-smoking group, with no significant difference observed. Therefore, this study revealed that smoking has a negative influence on some aspects of lifestyle. There was no significant relationship in terms of the effects of smoking on vitality. Going forward, it will be necessary to clarify the negative effects of smoking on mental health.

Vitality Condition Judgment through Eye Quantification in Traditional Chinese Medicine

There are four main vitality states of human body in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Eye is the most important part on face for TCM doctors to diagnose patient. In this paper,we present several methods of eye quantification. We quantify eye movement,venation in white part of eye,tears in eye and the shape of upper eyelid,and then use cloud model to deduce volunteers' vitality condition by these measurements. We collect more than one thousand face images and dozens of face videos of patients',and some rules we mined with the highest support and interesting scores are right correspond to TCM diagnosis.

Construction of Vitality of Public Space in New Urban Area:A Case Study of Honggutan New District of Nanchang City

As display window of urban vitality,public space carries the colorful life of the residents living here and shows the spiritual outlook of a certain region.As a rising star,new urban area lacks historical accumulation and smell of fireworks when compared with old urban area.How to stimulate the vitality of public space in new urban area has become an unavoidable problem.In this paper,Honggutan New District of Nanchang City is taken as research object,to analyze the relationship between the representation of population vitality and the physical space in new urban area,and explore strategies for creating vitality of public space in new urban area.

Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Vitality of Urban Built-up Area: A Case Study of Shenzhen

As an important goal of urban design research,the evaluation of urban spatial vitality has been widely concerned.Taking Shenzhen as an example,the urban built-up area of Shenzhen was identifi ed using improved DENsi-Graph analysis,from the perspective of quantifi cation of urban spatial morphological features.The accessibility of urban streets,degree of construction and architectural form,and degree of functional mixing were quantitatively analyzed through space syntax,space matrix and mixeduse index(MXI),and the spatial vitality of urban built-up area was evaluated.Research results demonstrated that the improved Densi-Graph analysis could better identify the built-up area of Shenzhen,and the overall classifi cation accuracy was 0.810.The analysis results of spatial vitality showed that the urban spatial vitality in Shenzhen urban built-up area was well created.The street accessibility of Shenzhen generally hindered the creation of urban vitality;the spatial matrix value in the north of Shenzhen urban built-up area was lower;and the MXI of most areas within the study area was above the medium.