Revisit of the anisotropic vortex states of 2H-NbSe_(2) towards the zero-field limit

We revisited the vortex states of 2H-NbSe_(2) towards zero fields by a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.Fine structures of the anisotropic vortex states were distinguished, one is a spatially non-splitting zero bias peak, and the other is an in-gap conductance anomaly resembling evolved crossing features around the center of the three nearest vortices.Both of them distribute solely along the next nearest neighboring direction of the vortex lattice and become unresolved in much higher magnetic fields, implying an important role played by the vortex–vortex interactions. To clarify these issues,we have studied the intrinsic vortex states of the isolated trapped vortex in zero fields at 0.45 K. It is concluded that the anisotropic zero bias peak is attributed to the superconducting gap anisotropy, and the spatially evolved crossing features are related to the vortex–vortex interaction. The vortex core size under the zero-field limit is determined. These results provide a paradigm for studying the inherent vortex states of type-II superconductors especially based on an isolated vortex.

Preparing quantum vortex states with odd Schrdinger cat states through a coupled waveguide system

A scheme is proposed for preparing a quantum vortex state with a coupled waveguide, in which a single-mode odd cat state with weak intensity and a single-mode coherent state are inserted in the input ports, respectively. The analytical wavefunction of the resulting state in the quadrature space is derived, and the vortex structure of the output state is analyzed. It is found that the obtained states, which may carry a vortex with topological charge index one, are entangled and nonclassical, depending only on the scaled propagation time and the weak intensity of the input odd cat state instead of the displacement parameter of the input coherent state. The phase distribution, however, in the quadrature space, depends on the displacement parameter of the input coherent state

Vortex states in thin mesoscopic superconducting rings

Since the 1990s, the progress of nanofabrication technologies has resulted in increasing interests in the study of superconducting properties of mesoscopic samples. A mesoscopic sample has a size comparable to the coherence length ξ and penetration depth λ. Properties of mesoscopic systems are considerably influenced by confinement effects. Therefore, the vortex state depends on the size and geometry of the sample.

Wigner function and the entanglement of a quantized Bessel-Gaussian vortex state of a quantized radiation field

A new kind of quantum non-Gaussian state with a vortex structure, termed a Bessel-Gaussian vortex state, is constructed, which is an eigenstate of the sum of squared annihilation operators a2 ＋ b2. The Wigner function of the quantum vortex state is derived and exhibits negativity which is an indication of nonclassicality. It is also found that a quantized vortex state is always in entanglement. And a scheme for generating such quantized vortex states is proposed.

Giant Vortex States in a Long Superconducting Cylinder with a Hole in Center

We have theoretically studied the nucleation of superconductivity in doubly connected superconductors in the form of long superconducting cylinders. The giant vortex states are investigated with the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory. The solutions of Ginzburg-Landau equations are solved numerically with relaxation method. The quantum size effect is clearly shown through the calculation of free energy.

Interaction of a pair coherent state with a three-level Λ-type atom and generation of a modified Bessel-Gaussian state with a vortex structure

The evolution of a system state is derived based on the nonresonant interaction of a three-level ＂Λ＂ type atom with two cavity modes at a pair coherent state and two classic fields,and a cavity field state is analyzed in detail under conditional detecting.It is found that the quantized modified Bessel-Gaussian states as well as the superposition states consisting of the quantized vortex states with different weighted coefficients may be prepared through carefully preparing an initial atomic state and appropriately adjusting the interaction time.The scheme provides an additional choice to realize the two-mode quantized vortex state within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics（QED）.

Discrete vortex bound states with a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi level

A theoretical study on discrete vortex bound states is carried out near a vortex core in the presence of a van Hove singularity(VHS) near the Fermi level by solving Bogoliubov–de Gennes(Bd G) equations. When the VHS lies exactly at the Fermi level and also at the middle of the band, a zero-energy state and other higher-energy states whose energy ratios follow integer numbers emerge. These discrete vortex bound state peaks undergo a splitting behavior when the VHS or Fermi level moves away from the middle of the band. Such splitting behavior will eventually lead to a new arrangement of quantized vortex core states whose energy ratios follow half-odd-integer numbers.

A PREDICTION OF THE VORTEX-RING STATE BOUNDARY BASED ON MODEL TESTS

To understand the vortex-ring state and to develop an approach for predicting its boundary, a series of model rotor tests of vertical descent and oblique descent have been conducted on a newly-built test apparatus - the Whirling Beam. The test results showed some unsteady aerodynamic behavior of the model rotor operating in the vortex-ring state. A very irregular variation of the rotortorque at low rate-of-descent was observed here for the first time. We considered it to be the start of the 'power settling' and determined the critical descent velocity according to this observation. A previous criterion for the vortex-ring state was modified to give a semi-empirical method for predicting the entire vortex-ring state boundary. The computed boundary shows a good correlation with the model test results and the flight experiences.

Multi-scale variation characteristics of polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere

By use of 1948-2007 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly geopotential data, a set of circulation indices are defined to characterize the polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, including area-（S）, intensity-（P） and centre position-（λc , φc） indices. Sea-sonal variation, interannual anomalies and their possible causes of 10 hPa polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere are analyzed by using these indices, the relationship between 10 hPa polar vortex strength and the Antarctic Oscillation are analyzed as well. The results show that： （1） the polar region at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by anticyclone （cyclone） from Dec. to Jan. （from Mar. to Oct.）, Feb. and Nov. are circulation transition seasons. （2） Intensity index （P） and area index （S） of anticy-clone （cyclone） in Jan. （Jul.） show a significant spike in the late 1970s, the anticyclone （cyclone） enhances （weakens） from ex-tremely weak （strong） oscillation to near the climatic mean before a spike, anticyclone tends to the mean state from very strong oscillation and cyclone oscillates in the weaker state after the spike. （3） There is significant interdecadal change for the anticyclone center in Jan., while markedly interannual variation for cyclone center in July. （4） The ozone anomalies can cause the interannual anomaly of the polar anticyclone at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere in Jan. （positive correlation between them）, but it is not related to the polar cyclone anomalies. （5） There is notable negative correlation between the polar vortex intensity index P and the Antarctic Oscillation index （AAOI）, thus AAOI can be represented by P.

红外照相机的热浮法湍射流流态转捩机理探究

为了探究湍射流3种流动状态的转捩机理,设计并搭建了可控式湍射流实验仪,利用热浮法红外拍摄了3种流态,实现了湍射流的可视化及精确测量。通过实验观察和分析了包络态中流体转捩速度与雷诺数的关系,确定了转捩临界雷诺数大小范围,并推导和验证了涡环态中推进力与流体流速的半经验公式;同时通过颜色仿真展示了喷口截面处的压强分布图像;利用网格剖分的方式分析了涡环转捩机理,完善了流体运动过程的精细测量,为实验室测量雷诺数提供了一种可行方法。

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a vortex ring impacting a bump

A vortex ring impinging on a three-dimensional bump is studied using large eddy simulation for a Reynolds number Re = 4 × 104 based on the initial translation speed and diameter of the vortex ring. The effects of bump height on the vortical flow phenomena and the underlying physical mechanisms are inves- tigated. Based on the analysis of the evolution of vortical structures, two typical kinds of vortical structures, i.e., the wrapping vortices and the hair-pin vortices, are identified and play an important role in the flow state evolution. The circu- lation of the primary vortex ring reasonably elucidates some typical phases of flow evolution. Furthermore, the mechanism of flow transition from laminar to turbulent state has been revealed based on analysis of turbulent kinetic energy.

Vortex-induced vibration of pipes conveying fluid using the method of multiple scales

The nonlinear dynamics of supported pipes conveying fluid subjected to vortex-induced vibration is evaluated using the method of multiple scales. Frequency response portraits for different internal fluid velocities under lock-in conditions are obtained and the stability of steady-state responses is discussed. Results show that the internal fluid velocity has a prominent effect on the oscillation amplitude and that the steady-state responses incorporating unstable solutions in the lock-in region are also obtained. In addition, the effects of two kinds of fluctuating lift coefficients on the steady-state responses are compared with each other.

热效应作用下高功率薄片涡旋激光器的模场结构

激光介质热效应引起的谐振腔模场结构变化成为高功率涡旋激光器的一个关键问题.本文建立了环形光泵浦薄片激光晶体的温度场及热形变计算模型,将热效应像差作为谐振腔衍射积分方程的微扰,研究热效应对激光器模场结构的影响规律.具体研究了Nd:YAG,Nd:YLF和Nd:YVO_(4)薄片涡旋激光器的模场结构随泵浦功率、晶体吸收系数、晶体厚度的变化规律.研究结果表明,热效应使涡旋激光器模谱产生径向展宽,模式纯净度下降.泵浦功率越大,高阶径向模式占比越大,模场结构越复杂.泵浦功率升高时,Nd:YVO_(4)激光器的模谱展宽最大,Nd:YAG激光器的模谱展宽最小.晶体吸收系数越大,模谱展宽越严重;激光晶体厚度减小时,模谱展宽呈增宽趋势.

固体激光器涡旋光束产生实验系统设计与实现

高质量的涡旋光束在量子信息、激光雷达、激光通信等领域有着广泛的应用前景。为了用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束,该文基于谐振腔模式与激光介质作用的速率方程,阐述了在二极管端面泵浦固体激光器中通过环形光泵浦产生拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光的原理。设计了环形光泵浦固体激光器产生涡旋光的实验方案并搭建了实验系统。实验产生了角向阶次为1阶、2阶的涡旋光束,相位涡旋手性可通过微调谐振腔输出镜调节。该实验能够使学生利用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束并观察涡旋光束的相位特性,有助于学生加深对激光谐振腔模式理论及涡旋光束相位特性的理解,为相关专业学生的课程教学提供有力支撑。

高能涡旋粒子的产生与碰撞:进展、前景及挑战

光子、电子及其他粒子的涡旋(扭曲)态指这些粒子相应的波函数呈螺旋状波前的非平面波解。这些涡旋态在沿着平均传播方向上携带内禀轨道角动量,这一特性使得它们的波函数具有螺旋形的相位结构,类似于漩涡状的水流或旋转的陀螺。涡旋粒子因其独特的性质而备受瞩目,诸如拓扑荷数、横向动量分布以及相位奇点的存在,为多个科学分支如成像与通信、超材料、光谱分析、原子与核结构、粒子与强子物理乃至天体物理学等,开启了崭新的探索维度。本文旨在精炼概述各类涡旋粒子产生的实验技术和相应的探测手段,深入分析它们在各类相互作用中的影响,如角动量转移、拓展选择定则、调节原子的线性运动、调制微分截面与能量耗散率及光子偏振的转变,特别是在优化核反应机制、推动粒子加速器技术创新、研究强子内部结构与解析中子星深层构造等方面,凸显其不可小觑的科学价值与应用潜力。

自旋轨道角动量耦合的超流费米气体

近年来,自旋轨道耦合的原子气体研究取得了许多重要的进展,其中一种新近实现的新类型自旋轨道耦合-自旋轨道角动量耦合由于其独特性质吸引了人们的兴趣。本文以费米气体为例,介绍自旋轨道角动量耦合的实现和特点,以及对单粒子谱特别是对费米超流的重要影响。结合平均场解析方法和数值模拟,分析了自旋轨道角动量耦合诱导的有限角动量配对和由此导致的不同类型的超流涡旋基态,并进一步讨论了相关的进展和未来可能的发展方向。

Quantized bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors

The bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors is a longstanding yet important issue.In this work,we develop a variational theory on the basis of the Andreev approximation to obtain the energy levels and wave functions of the low-energy quantized bound states in superconductors with anisotropic pairing on arbitrary Fermi surface.In the case of circular Fermi surface,the effective Schr¨odinger equation yielding the bound state energies gets back to the theory proposed by Volovik and Kopnin many years ago.Our generalization here enables us to prove the equidistant energy spectrum inside a vortex in a broader class of superconductors.More importantly,we are now able to obtain the wave functions of these bound states by projecting the quasiclassical wave function on the eigenmodes of the effective Schr¨odinger equation,going beyond the quasiclassical Eilenberger results,which,as we find,are sensitive to the scattering rate.For the case of isotropic Fermi surface,the spatial profile of the low-energy local density of states is dominated near the vortex center and elongates along the gap antinode directions,in addition to the ubiquitous Friedel oscillation arising from the quantum inteference neglected in the Eilenberger theory.Moreover,as a consequence of the pairing anisotropy,the quantized wave functions develop a peculiar distribution of winding number,which reduces stepwise towards the vortex center.Our work provides a flexible way to study the vortex bound states in the future.

基于LES模型的箱涵式进水流道水中消涡装置分析

为解决某泵站箱涵式进水流道内部水涡问题,以该泵站箱涵式进水流道为研究对象,基于LES模型,求解5种不同消涡方案对应的箱涵式进水流道内部水涡时空演变过程,定量对比喇叭口处旋涡中心平均涡量变化。结果表明:采用流线型消涡锥和后消涡板方案箱涵式进水流道消涡的效果最佳,相比原方案旋涡涡心的平均涡量降低96.53%,喇叭管进口面的轴向速度分布均匀度为95.7%,速度加权平均角为86.4°,消涡效果较好。

气流作业下雾滴粒径稻株间分布特性与风洞模拟试验

为探究气流涡旋作业方式对航空喷施雾滴粒径分布的影响,以XR Teejet 110015型压力式扇形航空喷头为研究对象,在风洞和田间环境中进行了雾滴粒径测试试验。风洞测试模拟田间环境风速设置气流速度,同时设置了3种喷施压力,使用激光粒度分析仪测量雾滴粒径。田间试验以四旋翼无人机为施药载体,对杂交水稻进行精准对靶喷施,并对各架次无人机旋翼气流与冠层互作程度不同所形成的涡旋形态对应的雾滴粒径分布特性进行了分析。结果表明:风洞条件下,各测试喷头均处于非常细的雾化等级,雾化性能良好且稳定;田间试验中,涡旋形态对雾滴粒径分布影响显著;3种涡旋形态下,小于200μm的雾滴粒径综合平均占比分别为73.52%、74.21%和84.20%,与风洞测试结果较为一致,但田间试验所得雾滴粒径值明显偏高;明显的涡旋形态与小范围涡旋形态雾滴粒径在作物各层位分布趋势较为平缓,各层雾滴体积中径变异系数均处于3.96%~10.66%之间,无涡旋形态各层雾滴粒径分布则体现较大的波动性,变异系数也较高,处于9.49%~17.11%之间,说明较为明显的涡旋形态有助于雾滴在作物冠层垂直空间的穿透,达到更好的施药效果。研究结果可为农用无人机田间精准喷施作业提供参考。

中国夏季东北冷涡强度的定量化分析

本文利用NCEP/NCAR发布的1981～2010年全球日平均再分析位势高度场资料对东北冷涡进行检索并提取其平均态,在此基础上定义东北冷涡的偏离指数,并探讨其对东北冷涡强度特征的描述。结果表明:(1)东北冷涡500hPa闭合中心位势高度的概率分布近似为高斯分布,以其期望值提取的东北冷涡平均态具有东北冷涡的共性,表现出明显的大气斜压性及有利于系统维持和发展的温压配置关系特征;(2)基于东北冷涡平均态定义的东北冷涡偏离指数不仅能够表征东北冷涡偏离平均态的程度,还包含了低压面积的信息,即能够直观地显示东北冷涡的强弱特征。