Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensur...Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.展开更多
Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensur...Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.展开更多
People power is the fundamental concept of democracy and power of the people is exercised though voting. People decide who should be elected to make decisions for them. However, if people do not properly participate i...People power is the fundamental concept of democracy and power of the people is exercised though voting. People decide who should be elected to make decisions for them. However, if people do not properly participate in the voting process and only two-thirds of all eligible voters participate in an election, the democratic institution loses its credibility and becomes vulnerable. This paper investigates various changes in voting institutions throughout the USAwith a simulation model that analyzes the efficacy of such methods to attain higher voter turnout.展开更多
The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized tha...The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.展开更多
We consider the voter model with flip rates determined by {ue, e ∈ Ed}, where Ed is the set of all non-oriented nearest-neighbour edges in the Euclidean lattice Zd. Suppose that {ue, e ∈ Ed} are independent and iden...We consider the voter model with flip rates determined by {ue, e ∈ Ed}, where Ed is the set of all non-oriented nearest-neighbour edges in the Euclidean lattice Zd. Suppose that {ue, e ∈ Ed} are independent and identically distributed （i.i.d.） random variables satisfying ue ≥ 1. We prove that when d = 2, almost surely for all random environments, the voter model has only two extremal invariant measures： δ0 and δ1.展开更多
大千世界,无奇不有！捷克的选民现在遇到一个难题,基督教民主党在竞选中慷赠免费的喝酒账单,而共产党则让半裸美女在散发竞选印刷品,各施绝招！文章则写得更妙:...forcing people to decide between a free shot and a freepeek！其中...大千世界,无奇不有！捷克的选民现在遇到一个难题,基督教民主党在竞选中慷赠免费的喝酒账单,而共产党则让半裸美女在散发竞选印刷品,各施绝招！文章则写得更妙:...forcing people to decide between a free shot and a freepeek！其中的两个free就值得玩味。文章第二段出现了free shots,这个shots可不能胡乱猜译！《美国传统词典》对shot一词有释:shot:a drink,especially a jigger ofliquor(一杯,尤指一杯酒);an amount to be paid,as for drinks(喝酒的账单),据此,我们可以把free shots译成“免费喝酒的账单”。另外,请勿忘记咀嚼本文的标题！Booze者,酒也;Breasts,美女也。如此搭配,构成了头韵(alliteration)。展开更多
Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is an emerging computational paradigm which can overcome scaling limitations of the existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.The existence of defects cannot be...Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is an emerging computational paradigm which can overcome scaling limitations of the existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.The existence of defects cannot be ignored,considering the fabrication of QCA devices at the molecular level where it could alter the functionality.Therefore,defects in QCA devices need to be analyzed.So far,the simulation-based displacement defect analysis has been presented in the literature,which results in an increased demand in the corresponding mathematical model.In this paper,the displacement defect analysis of the QCA main primitive,majority voter(MV),is presented and carried out both in simulation and mathematics,where the kink energy based mathematical model is applied.The results demonstrate that this model is valid for the displacement defect in QCA MV.展开更多
文摘Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.
文摘Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.
文摘People power is the fundamental concept of democracy and power of the people is exercised though voting. People decide who should be elected to make decisions for them. However, if people do not properly participate in the voting process and only two-thirds of all eligible voters participate in an election, the democratic institution loses its credibility and becomes vulnerable. This paper investigates various changes in voting institutions throughout the USAwith a simulation model that analyzes the efficacy of such methods to attain higher voter turnout.
基金supported in part by the NIH grant R01CA241134supported in part by the NSF grant CMMI-1552764+3 种基金supported in part by the NSF grants DMS-1349724 and DMS-2052465supported in part by the NSF grant CCF-1740761supported in part by the U.S.-Norway Fulbright Foundation and the Research Council of Norway R&D Grant 309273supported in part by the Norwegian Centennial Chair grant and the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship from the University of Minnesota.
文摘The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.
文摘We consider the voter model with flip rates determined by {ue, e ∈ Ed}, where Ed is the set of all non-oriented nearest-neighbour edges in the Euclidean lattice Zd. Suppose that {ue, e ∈ Ed} are independent and identically distributed （i.i.d.） random variables satisfying ue ≥ 1. We prove that when d = 2, almost surely for all random environments, the voter model has only two extremal invariant measures： δ0 and δ1.
文摘大千世界,无奇不有！捷克的选民现在遇到一个难题,基督教民主党在竞选中慷赠免费的喝酒账单,而共产党则让半裸美女在散发竞选印刷品,各施绝招！文章则写得更妙:...forcing people to decide between a free shot and a freepeek！其中的两个free就值得玩味。文章第二段出现了free shots,这个shots可不能胡乱猜译！《美国传统词典》对shot一词有释:shot:a drink,especially a jigger ofliquor(一杯,尤指一杯酒);an amount to be paid,as for drinks(喝酒的账单),据此,我们可以把free shots译成“免费喝酒的账单”。另外,请勿忘记咀嚼本文的标题！Booze者,酒也;Breasts,美女也。如此搭配,构成了头韵(alliteration)。
文摘Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is an emerging computational paradigm which can overcome scaling limitations of the existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.The existence of defects cannot be ignored,considering the fabrication of QCA devices at the molecular level where it could alter the functionality.Therefore,defects in QCA devices need to be analyzed.So far,the simulation-based displacement defect analysis has been presented in the literature,which results in an increased demand in the corresponding mathematical model.In this paper,the displacement defect analysis of the QCA main primitive,majority voter(MV),is presented and carried out both in simulation and mathematics,where the kink energy based mathematical model is applied.The results demonstrate that this model is valid for the displacement defect in QCA MV.
